{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T20:58:30Z","timestamp":1791665910079,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Oncol."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-026-01165-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:24:21Z","timestamp":1770035061000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CXCL12 derived from cancer-associated fibroblasts mediates dysfunctional intratumoral adaptive immunity in diabetic pancreatic adenocarcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jialun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aotian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0155","volume":"74","author":"L. Rahib","year":"2014","unstructured":"L. Rahib, B.D. Smith, R. Aizenberg, A.B. Rosenzweig, J.M. Fleshman, L.M. Matrisian, Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res. 74(11), 2913\u20132921 (2014). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0155","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9791","key":"1165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62307-0","volume":"378","author":"A. Vincent","year":"2011","unstructured":"A. Vincent, J. Herman, R. Schulick, R.H. Hruban, M. Goggins, Pancreatic cancer. Lancet 378(9791), 607\u2013620 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62307-0","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00457-x","volume":"18","author":"A.P. Klein","year":"2021","unstructured":"A.P. Klein, Pancreatic cancer epidemiology: understanding the role of lifestyle and inherited risk factors. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18(7), 493\u2013502 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-021-00457-x","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"R. Ruze, Y. Chen, R. Xu, J. Song, X. Yin, C. Wang, Q. Xu, Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic carcinogenesis: correlations, prevention, and diagnostic implications. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Rev. Cancer 1878(1), 188844 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbcan.2022.188844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2022.188844"},{"issue":"6","key":"1165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.016","volume":"162","author":"S. Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"S. Sharma, W.J. Tapper, A. Collins, Z.Z.R. Hamady, Predicting pancreatic cancer in the UK biobank cohort using polygenic risk scores and diabetes mellitus. Gastroenterology 162(6), 1665\u20131674.e1662 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.10.019","volume":"10","author":"Q. Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Q. Luo, Z. Hu, H. Zhao, Y. Fan, X. Tu, Y. Wang, X. Liu, The role of TGF-\u03b2 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. Genes Dis. 10(4), 1513\u20131524 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2022.10.019","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"1165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Z. Liu, H. Hayashi, K. Matsumura, N. Uemura, Y. Shiraishi, H. Sato, H. Baba, Biological and clinical impacts of glucose metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 15(2 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers15020498","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020498"},{"issue":"2","key":"1165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5072","volume":"245","author":"S. Menini","year":"2018","unstructured":"S. Menini, C. Iacobini, L. de Latouliere, I. Manni, V. Ionta, C. Blasetti Fantauzzi, G. Pugliese, The advanced glycation end-product N(\u03f5) -carboxymethyllysine promotes progression of pancreatic cancer: implications for diabetes-associated risk and its prevention. J. Pathol. 245(2), 197\u2013208 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.5072","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"issue":"7592","key":"1165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16965","volume":"531","author":"P. Bailey","year":"2016","unstructured":"P. Bailey, D.K. Chang, K. Nones, A.L. Johns, A.M. Patch, M.C. Gingras, S.M. Grimmond, Genomic analyses identify molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer. Nature 531(7592), 47\u201352 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature16965","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"20","key":"1165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6363","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-17-0250","volume":"23","author":"Y. Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y. Yan, R. Gao, T.L.P. Trinh, M.B. Grant, Immunodeficiency in pancreatic adenocarcinoma with diabetes revealed by comparative genomics. Clin. Cancer Res. 23(20), 6363\u20136373 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-17-0250","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2022.09.001","volume":"68","author":"T. Luong","year":"2022","unstructured":"T. Luong, Y. Golivi, G.P. Nagaraju, B.F. El-Rayes, Fibroblast heterogeneity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: perspectives in immunotherapy. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 68, 107\u2013115 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2022.09.001","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"1165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.03.002","volume":"29","author":"R. Rebelo","year":"2023","unstructured":"R. Rebelo, C.P.R. Xavier, E. Giovannetti, M.H. Vasconcelos, Fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer: molecular and clinical perspectives. Trends Mol. Med. 29(6), 439\u2013453 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.03.002","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"1165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.011","volume":"33","author":"A. Costa","year":"2018","unstructured":"A. Costa, Y. Kieffer, A. Scholer-Dahirel, F. Pelon, B. Bourachot, M. Cardon, F. Mechta-Grigoriou, Fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in human breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 33(3), 463\u2013479.e410 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2018.01.011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"2","key":"1165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.60540","volume":"12","author":"X. Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"X. Li, Z. Sun, G. Peng, Y. Xiao, J. Guo, B. Wu, X. Wang, Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a pro-invasive cancer-associated fibroblast subgroup associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Theranostics 12(2), 620\u2013638 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.60540","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Hara, H. Mizukami, T. Yamada, S. Shimoyama, K. Yamazaki, T. Sasaki, K. Hakamada, Type 2 diabetes alters quiescent pancreatic stellate cells to tumor-prone state. JCI Insight 10(12) (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.187424","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.187424"},{"key":"1165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"C. Uchida, H. Mizukami, Y. Hara, T. Saito, S. Umetsu, A. Igawa, K. Hakamada, Diabetes in humans activates pancreatic stellate cells via RAGE in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22(21) (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222111716","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111716"},{"key":"1165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2","volume":"4","author":"G.D. Bader","year":"2003","unstructured":"G.D. Bader, C.W. Hogue, An automated method for finding molecular complexes in large protein interaction networks. BMC Bioinf. 4, 2 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-4-2","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"1165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Y. Zhou, B. Zhou, L. Pache, M. Chang, A.H. Khodabakhshi, O. Tanaseichuk, S.K. Chanda, Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat. Commun. 10(1), 1523 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6"},{"issue":"4","key":"1165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1159\/000260900","volume":"10","author":"A. Vonlaufen","year":"2010","unstructured":"A. Vonlaufen, P.A. Phillips, L. Yang, Z. Xu, E. Fiala-Beer, X. Zhang, M.V. Apte, Isolation of quiescent human pancreatic stellate cells: a promising in vitro tool for studies of human pancreatic stellate cell biology. Pancreatology 10(4), 434\u2013443 (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000260900","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700329","volume":"85","author":"R. Jesnowski","year":"2005","unstructured":"R. Jesnowski, D. F\u00fcrst, J. Ringel, Y. Chen, A. Schr\u00f6del, J. Kleeff, M. L\u00f6hr, Immortalization of pancreatic stellate cells as an in vitro model of pancreatic fibrosis: deactivation is induced by matrigel and N-acetylcysteine. Lab. Invest. 85(10), 1276\u20131291 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.3700329","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01680-0","volume":"11","author":"C. De Gregorio","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. De Gregorio, D. Contador, D. D\u00edaz, C. C\u00e1rcamo, D. Santapau, L. Lobos-Gonzalez, F. Ezquer, Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium ameliorates polyneuropathy and foot ulceration in diabetic BKS db\/db mice. Stem Cell. Res. Ther. 11(1), 168 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13287-020-01680-0","journal-title":"Stem Cell. Res. Ther."},{"issue":"22","key":"1165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-22-0209","volume":"82","author":"C. Halperin","year":"2022","unstructured":"C. Halperin, J. Hey, D. Weichenhan, Y. Stein, S. Mayer, P. Lutsik, R. Scherz-Shouval, Global DNA methylation analysis of cancer-associated fibroblasts reveals extensive epigenetic rewiring linked with RUNX1 upregulation in breast cancer stroma. Cancer Res. 82(22), 4139\u20134152 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-22-0209","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-017-1349-1","volume":"18","author":"D. Aran","year":"2017","unstructured":"D. Aran, Z. Hu, A.J. Butte, xCell: digitally portraying the tissue cellular heterogeneity landscape. Genome Biol. 18(1), 220 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-017-1349-1","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-1070-5","volume":"17","author":"E. Becht","year":"2016","unstructured":"E. Becht, N.A. Giraldo, L. Lacroix, B. Buttard, N. Elarouci, F. Petitprez, A. de Reyni\u00e8s, Estimating the population abundance of tissue-infiltrating immune and stromal cell populations using gene expression. Genome Biol. 17(1), 218 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-016-1070-5","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0638-6","volume":"11","author":"F. Finotello","year":"2019","unstructured":"F. Finotello, C. Mayer, C. Plattner, G. Laschober, D. Rieder, H. Hackl, Z. Trajanoski, Molecular and pharmacological modulators of the tumor immune contexture revealed by deconvolution of RNA-seq data. Genome Med. 11(1), 34 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-019-0638-6","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"1165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-17-0307","volume":"77","author":"T. Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"T. Li, J. Fan, B. Wang, N. Traugh, Q. Chen, J.S. Liu, X.S. Liu, TIMER: a web server for comprehensive analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Cancer Res. 77(21), e108\u2013e110 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/0008-5472.Can-17-0307","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687975","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687975","volume":"12","author":"D. Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"D. Zeng, Z. Ye, R. Shen, G. Yu, J. Wu, Y. Xiong, W. Liao, IOBR: multi-omics immuno-oncology biological research to decode tumor microenvironment and signatures. Front. Immunol. 12, 687975 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.687975","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2612","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3612","volume":"4","author":"K. Yoshihara","year":"2013","unstructured":"K. Yoshihara, M. Shahmoradgoli, E. Mart\u00ednez, R. Vegesna, H. Kim, W. Torres-Garcia, R.G. Verhaak, Inferring tumour purity and stromal and immune cell admixture from expression data. Nat. Commun. 4, 2612 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms3612","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"1165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2703","volume":"14","author":"T.F. Gajewski","year":"2013","unstructured":"T.F. Gajewski, H. Schreiber, Y.X. Fu, Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Nat. Immunol. 14(10), 1014\u20131022 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.2703","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"issue":"7791","key":"1165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1922-8","volume":"577","author":"B.A. Helmink","year":"2020","unstructured":"B.A. Helmink, S.M. Reddy, J. Gao, S. Zhang, R. Basar, R. Thakur, J.A. Wargo, B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures promote immunotherapy response. Nature 577(7791), 549\u2013555 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-019-1922-8","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"1165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00560-y","volume":"23","author":"G. Oliveira","year":"2023","unstructured":"G. Oliveira, C.J. Wu, Dynamics and specificities of T cells in cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 23(5), 295\u2013316 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41568-023-00560-y","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"1165_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01134-8","volume":"54","author":"W.L. Hwang","year":"2022","unstructured":"W.L. Hwang, K.A. Jagadeesh, J.A. Guo, H.I. Hoffman, P. Yadollahpour, J.W. Reeves, A. Regev, Single-nucleus and spatial transcriptome profiling of pancreatic cancer identifies multicellular dynamics associated with neoadjuvant treatment. Nat Genet. 54(8), 1178\u20131191 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-022-01134-8","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"24","key":"1165_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf5464","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf5464","volume":"9","author":"F. Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"F. Wang, J. Long, L. Li, Z.X. Wu, T.T. Da, X.Q. Wang, J. Cao, Single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis reveals the cellular heterogeneity of liver metastatic colorectal cancer. Sci. Adv. 9(24), eadf5464 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adf5464","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"issue":"31","key":"1165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2402716","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402716","volume":"11","author":"Z. Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Z. Zhang, X. Sun, Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, Z. Yang, J. Dong, L. Yang, Spatial transcriptome-wide profiling of small cell lung cancer reveals intra-tumoral molecular and subtype heterogeneity. Adv. Sci. (Weinh) 11(31), e2402716 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202402716","journal-title":"Adv. Sci. (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","volume":"8","author":"Z. Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Z. Liu, Q. Liang, Y. Ren, C. Guo, X. Ge, L. Wang, X. Han, Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal. Transduct. Target Ther. 8(1), 200 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target Ther."},{"issue":"10","key":"1165_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.07.007","volume":"39","author":"W.A. Freed-Pastor","year":"2021","unstructured":"W.A. Freed-Pastor, L.J. Lambert, Z.A. Ely, N.B. Pattada, A. Bhutkar, G. Eng, T. Jacks, The CD155\/TIGIT axis promotes and maintains immune evasion in neoantigen-expressing pancreatic cancer. Cancer Cell. 39(10), 1342\u20131360.e1314 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2021.07.007","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"12","key":"1165_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.11.005","volume":"42","author":"I.M. Launonen","year":"2024","unstructured":"I.M. Launonen, I. Niemiec, M. Hincapi\u00e9-Otero, E.P. Erkan, A. Junquera, D. Afenteva, A. F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4, Chemotherapy induces myeloid-driven spatially confined T cell exhaustion in ovarian cancer. Cancer Cell. 42(12), 2045\u20132063.e2010 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.11.005","journal-title":"Cancer Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-023-01259-3","volume":"15","author":"A. Sathe","year":"2023","unstructured":"A. Sathe, C. Ayala, X. Bai, S.M. Grimes, B. Lee, C. Kin, H.P. Ji, GITR and TIGIT immunotherapy provokes divergent multicellular responses in the tumor microenvironment of gastrointestinal cancers. Genome Med. 15(1), 100 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13073-023-01259-3","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"1165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-2-4","volume":"2","author":"F. Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"F. Wang, M. Herrington, J. Larsson, J. Permert, The relationship between diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer 2, 4 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1476-4598-2-4","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy093","volume":"111","author":"H.A. Risch","year":"2019","unstructured":"H.A. Risch, Diabetes and pancreatic cancer: both cause and effect. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 111(1), 1\u20132 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jnci\/djy093","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01750-4","volume":"17","author":"J. Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"J. Yang, C. Wen, H. Guo, Y. Chai, G. Sun, H. Cheng, Targeting early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer among the diabetic population: a comprehensive review of biomarker screening strategies. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 17(1), 176 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01750-4","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"1165_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844028","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.844028","volume":"10","author":"J. Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"J. Deng, Y. Guo, J. Du, J. Gu, L. Kong, B. Tao, D. Fu, The intricate crosstalk between insulin and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a review from clinical to molecular. Front. Cell. Dev. Biol. 10, 844028 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.844028","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"1165_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.12.007","volume":"65","author":"S.K. Daniel","year":"2020","unstructured":"S.K. Daniel, Y.D. Seo, V.G. Pillarisetty, The CXCL12-CXCR4\/CXCR7 axis as a mechanism of immune resistance in gastrointestinal malignancies. Semin. Cancer Biol. 65, 176\u2013188 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcancer.2019.12.007","journal-title":"Semin. Cancer Biol."},{"key":"1165_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012","volume":"179","author":"R.L. Sleightholm","year":"2017","unstructured":"R.L. Sleightholm, B.K. Neilsen, J. Li, M.M. Steele, R.K. Singh, M.A. Hollingsworth, D. Oupicky, Emerging roles of the CXCL12\/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol. Ther. 179, 158\u2013170 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Cellular Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13402-026-01165-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13402-026-01165-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13402-026-01165-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T12:24:22Z","timestamp":1770035062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13402-026-01165-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13402-026-01165-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7429791\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2211-3436"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2211-3436","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School (2023AE02001). The content involving human participants was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University (2017\u2013084-02). The study was performed in accordance with the 1964 declaration of Helsinki and later amendments.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The manuscript is approved by all authors for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36"}}