{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:49:26Z","timestamp":1791946166587,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]],"date-time":"2012-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1346112000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Advanced maternal age is associated with negative offspring health outcomes. This interpretation often relies on physiological processes related to aging, such as decreasing oocyte quality. We use a large, population-based sample of American adults to analyze how selection and lifespan overlap between generations influence the maternal age\u2013offspring adult health association. We find that offspring born to mothers younger than age 25 or older than 35 have worse outcomes with respect to mortality, self-rated health, height, obesity, and the number of diagnosed conditions than those born to mothers aged 25\u201334. Controls for maternal education and age at which the child lost the mother eliminate the effect for advanced maternal age up to age 45. The association between young maternal age and negative offspring outcomes is robust to these controls. Our findings suggest that the advanced maternal age\u2013offspring adult health association reflects selection and factors related to lifespan overlap. These may include shared frailty or parental investment but are not directly related to the physiological health of the mother during conception, fetal development, or birth. The results for young maternal age add to the evidence suggesting that children born to young mothers might be better off if the parents waited a few years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-012-0132-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,27]],"date-time":"2012-08-27T16:05:03Z","timestamp":1346083503000},"page":"1231-1257","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":123,"title":["Maternal Age and Offspring Adult Health: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Mikko","family":"Myrskyl\u00e4","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Lifecourse Dynamics and Demographic Change, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Konrad-Zuse-Str. 1, 18057 Rostock, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Fenelon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Studies & Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"73","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR1","volume-title":"Age and fertility: A guide for patients","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg195","article-title":"Birth dimensions, parental mortality, and mortality in early adult age: A cohort study of Danish men born in 1953","volume":"33","author":"Andersen","year":"2004","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7251.1708","article-title":"Maternal age and fetal loss: Population based register linkage study","volume":"320","author":"Andersen","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14198.x","article-title":"Survival of orphans in 19th century Sweden\u2014The importance of remarriages","volume":"85","author":"Andersson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-691X(01)00484-8","article-title":"Effects of maternal age on oocyte developmental competence","volume":"55","author":"Armstrong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(02)00689-6","article-title":"Fetal programming of coronary heart disease","volume":"13","author":"Barker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR7","volume-title":"The duration of life and conditions associated with longevity. A study of the hyde geneology","author":"Bell","year":"1918"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.071577","article-title":"Advanced maternal age: Are decisions about the timing of child-bearing a failure to understand the risks?","volume":"178","author":"Benzies","year":"2008","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4457.2007.00162.x","article-title":"Approaching the limit: Long-term trends in late and very late fertility","volume":"33","author":"Billari","year":"2007","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckl103","article-title":"The four ages of Down syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Bittles","year":"2007","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR11","first-page":"787","article-title":"Maternal age and traits of offspring in humans","volume":"22","author":"Bottini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1515\/IJAMH.2002.14.2.117","article-title":"A case control study of a deprivation triangle: Teenage motherhood, poor educational achievement and unemployment","volume":"14","author":"Bradley","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2005.045179","article-title":"Advanced paternal age: How old is too old?","volume":"60","author":"Bray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e31816fdbd3","article-title":"Modifiable maternal exposures and offspring blood pressure: A review of epidemiological studies of maternal age, diet, and smoking","volume":"63","author":"Brion","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2004.0019","article-title":"Orphans in Africa: Parental death, poverty, and school enrollment","volume":"41","author":"Case","year":"2004","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1970.tb39341.x","article-title":"The epidemiological study of mongolism in Baltimore","volume":"171","author":"Cohen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.4.334","article-title":"Maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"161","author":"Croen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.6.1649","article-title":"Paternal age and maternal age are risk factors for miscarriage: Results of a multicentre European Study","volume":"17","author":"De La Rochebrochard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR19","first-page":"647","article-title":"Early maternal age at childbearing and offspring functioning during adolescence: A sibling-comparison study of sexual behavior and depression","volume":"39","author":"D\u2019Onofrio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behavior Genetics"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn250","article-title":"Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorder","volume":"168","author":"Durkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(98)00070-X","article-title":"Genetics of oocyte ageing","volume":"30","author":"Eichenlaub-Ritter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.1.71","article-title":"Intrauterine environment and breast cancer risk in women: A population-based study","volume":"89","author":"Ekbom","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn056","article-title":"Maternal age, exposure to siblings, and risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"167","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20039","article-title":"Examining the terminal investment hypothesis in humans and chimpanzees: Associations among maternal age, parity, and birth","volume":"127","author":"Fessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Physical Anthropology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199504273321701","article-title":"Association of young maternal age with adverse reproductive outcomes","volume":"332","author":"Fraser","year":"1995","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR26"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c623","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c623","article-title":"Maternal age and diabetes in childhood","volume":"340","author":"Gale","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh008","article-title":"Childhood socioeconomic circumstances and cause-specific mortality in adulthood: Systematic review and interpretation","volume":"26","author":"Galobardes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiologic Reviews"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR29","first-page":"7","article-title":"Human longevity and parental age at conception","volume-title":"Sex and longevity: Sexuality, gender, reproduction, parenthood","author":"Gavrilov","year":"2000"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR30"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.2307\/2118385","article-title":"The socioeconomic consequences of teen childbearing reconsidered","volume":"107","author":"Geronimus","year":"1992","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Economics"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2004.0005","article-title":"The long arm of childhood: The influence of early-life social conditions on men's mortality","volume":"41","author":"Hayward","year":"2004","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp048087","article-title":"Advanced maternal age: How old is too old?","volume":"351","author":"Heffner","year":"2004","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199911000-00016","article-title":"Parental age and risk of sporadic and familial cancer in offspring: Implications for germ cell mutagenesis","volume":"10","author":"Hemminki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR35","first-page":"19","article-title":"Down syndrome in live births by single year maternal age interval in a Swedish study: Comparison with results from a New York State study","volume":"30","author":"Hook","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afp035","article-title":"Effect of parental age at birth on the accumulation of deficits, frailty and survival in older adults","volume":"38","author":"Hubbard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Age and Ageing"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000140682.63746.be","article-title":"Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome","volume":"104","author":"Jacobsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR38","first-page":"21","article-title":"Parental age effects in man","volume-title":"The lifespan of animals, Ciba Foundation Colloqium on Ageing","author":"Jalavisto","year":"1959"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a5a332","article-title":"Parental age and risk of childhood cancer: A pooled analysis","volume":"20","author":"Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.12.2135","article-title":"Increased trinucleotide repeat instability with advanced maternal age","volume":"6","author":"Kaytor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Human Molecular Genetics"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460410001663407","article-title":"Parental effects on offspring longevity\u2014Evidence from 17th to 19th century reproductive histories","volume":"31","author":"Kemkes-Grottenthaler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annals of Human Biology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7372.1076","article-title":"Mortality in adults aged 26\u201354\u00a0years related to socioeconomic conditions in childhood and adulthood: Post war birth cohort study","volume":"325","author":"Kuh","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/2.3.228","article-title":"A transmissible, cumulative and reversible factor in aging","volume":"2","author":"Lansing","year":"1947","journal-title":"Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.34.6.304","article-title":"Evidence for aging as a consequence of growth cessation","volume":"34","author":"Lansing","year":"1948","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh304","article-title":"Can assisted reproduction technology compensate for the natural decline in fertility with age? A model assessment","volume":"19","author":"Leridon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2006.00348.x","article-title":"The well-being of children born to teen mothers","volume":"69","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2010.09.004","article-title":"Parental age and characteristics of the offspring","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ageing Research Reviews"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0600600306","article-title":"Difference-based semiparametric estimation of partial linear regression models","volume":"6","author":"Lokshin","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Stata Journal"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR49","volume-title":"Births: Final data for 2000 (National Vital Statistics Reports 50(5))","author":"Martin","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170999064X","article-title":"Paternal and maternal ages at conception and risk of bipolar affective disorder in their offspring","volume":"40","author":"Menezes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3755843","article-title":"Age and infertility","volume":"233","author":"Menken","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.6.1163","article-title":"Infant mortality among singletons and twins in The United States during 2 decades: Effects of maternal age","volume":"110","author":"Misra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1090593","article-title":"Advanced maternal age. Part II: Long-term consequences","volume":"26","author":"Nassar","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031200245708300_CR54","first-page":"9","article-title":"Flexibility in the marriage market","volume":"13","author":"N\u00ed Bhrolch\u00e1in","year":"2001","journal-title":"Population\u2014An English Selection"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2699","article-title":"Choice of time scale and its effect on significance of predictors in longitudinal studies","volume":"26","author":"Pencina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2006.0064","article-title":"Advancing age, advantaged youth: Parental age and the transmission of resources to children","volume":"84","author":"Powell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00180-4","article-title":"Childhood conditions that predict survival to advanced ages among African-Americans","volume":"47","author":"Preston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0014-3820.2002.tb01405.x","article-title":"The role of parental age effects on the evolution of aging","volume":"56","author":"Priest","year":"2002","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00245-0","article-title":"Have centenarians had younger parents than the others?","volume":"38","author":"Robine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Experimental Gerontology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"2021031200245708300_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/20.Supplement_2.S21","article-title":"Maternal age and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A collaborative re-analysis of case\u2013control studies. Eurodem Risk Factors Research Group","volume":"20","author":"Rocca","year":"1991","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(92)90001-7","article-title":"Young maternal age and parity. Influences on pregnancy outcome","volume":"2","author":"Scholl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.02.010","article-title":"Effects of childhood and middle-adulthood family conditions on later-life mortality: Evidence from the Utah population database, 1850\u20132002","volume":"68","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj352","article-title":"Childhood socioeconomic position and cause-specific mortality in early adulthood","volume":"165","author":"Strand","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2371","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/13.9.2371","article-title":"Long-term effects of delayed parenthood","volume":"13","author":"Tar\u00edn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"article 23","key":"2021031200245708300_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2009.20.23","article-title":"The correlates of infant and childhood mortality: A Theoretical Overview and New Evidence from the Analysis of Longitudinal Data of the Bejsce (Poland) Parish Register Reconstitution Study of the 18th\u201320th Centuries","volume":"20","author":"Tymicki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demographic Research"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.302.6789.1361","article-title":"Delaying childbearing: Effect of age on fecundity and outcome of pregnancy","volume":"302","author":"Van Noord-Zaadstra","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/036319900002500301","article-title":"Children in one-parent families: Survival as an indicator of the role of the parents","volume":"25","author":"van Poppel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Family History"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR68","first-page":"223","article-title":"Maternal and paternal lines of familial longevity","volume":"13","author":"Westendorp","year":"2001","journal-title":"Population: An English Selection"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der041","article-title":"Looking downstream: A review of the literature on physical and psychosocial health outcomes in adolescents and young adults who were conceived by ART","volume":"26","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"2021031200245708300_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl177","article-title":"Parental age and risk of childhood cancers: A population-based cohort study from Sweden","volume":"35","author":"Yip","year":"2006","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"}],"container-title":["Demography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13524-012-0132-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13524-012-0132-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/49\/4\/1231\/881747\/1231myrskyla.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/49\/4\/1231\/881747\/1231myrskyla.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:27:10Z","timestamp":1615508830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article\/49\/4\/1231\/169736\/Maternal-Age-and-Offspring-Adult-Health-Evidence"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13524-012-0132-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-7790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,28]]}}}