{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T15:19:40Z","timestamp":1788794380266,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous research has suggested that incarceration has negative implications for individuals\u2019 well-being, health, and mortality. Most of these studies, however, have not followed former prisoners over an extended period and into older adult ages, when the risk of health deterioration and mortality is the greatest. Contributing to this literature, this study is the first to employ the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to estimate the long-run association between individual incarceration and mortality over nearly 40 years. We also supplement those analyses with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). We then use these estimates to investigate the implications of the U.S. incarceration regime and the post-1980 incarceration boom for the U.S. health and mortality disadvantage relative to industrialized peer countries (the United Kingdom).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-020-00869-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T14:03:07Z","timestamp":1584626587000},"page":"577-598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["The Consequences of Incarceration for Mortality in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Daza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Palloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Demography of Health of Aging, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerrett","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, 1180 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"73","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR1","volume-title":"United States life tables, 2013","author":"Arias","year":"2017"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.05.039","article-title":"An empirical assessment of the \u201chealthy prisoner hypothesis.\u201d","volume":"138","author":"Ba\u0107ak","year":"2015","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2037","article-title":"Disease and disadvantage in the United States and in England","volume":"295","author":"Banks","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa064115","article-title":"Release from prison\u2014A high risk of death for former inmates","volume":"356","author":"Binswanger","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR5","volume-title":"Prevalence of imprisonment in the U.S. population, 1974\u20132001","author":"Bonczar","year":"2003"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR6","first-page":"83","volume-title":"STDs in persons entering corrections facilities","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR7","first-page":"257","article-title":"Supportive ties in the lives of incarcerated women: Gender, race\/ethnicity, and children\u2019s human rights","volume":"17","author":"Foster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Gender, Race & Justice"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR8","volume-title":"Panel Study of Income Dynamics: 1968\u20132015 death file documentation. Release 1","author":"Freedman","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199258024.001.0001","volume-title":"The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary society","author":"Garland","year":"2002"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614551642","article-title":"Beyond power calculations assessing Type S (sign) and Type M (magnitude) errors","volume":"9","author":"Gelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029496","article-title":"Estimating causal effects from epidemiological data","volume":"60","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rssm.2010.11.001","article-title":"Does intergenerational mobility shape psychological distress? Sorokin revisited","volume":"29","author":"Houle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR13","unstructured":"Human Mortality Database\n          . (n.d.). Berkeley, CA (USA), and Rostock, Germany: University of California, Berkeley (US), and Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research (Germany). Available from http:\/\/www.mortality.org"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014379","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0379","article-title":"Deciphering death: A commentary on Gompertz (1825) \u201cOn the nature of the function expressive of the law of human mortality, and on a new mode of determining the value of life contingencies.\u201d","volume":"370","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900105","article-title":"Incarceration as exposure: The prison, infectious disease, and other stress-related illnesses","volume":"49","author":"Massoglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5893.2008.00342.x","article-title":"Incarceration, health, and racial disparities in health","volume":"42","author":"Massoglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Law & Society Review"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2014.03.002","article-title":"The relationship between incarceration and premature adult mortality: Gender specific evidence","volume":"46","author":"Massoglia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Science Research"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112326","article-title":"Incarceration and health","volume":"41","author":"Massoglia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9133.2011.00754.x","article-title":"The consequences of incarceration","volume":"10","author":"Massoglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Criminology & Public Policy"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e603802007-001","volume-title":"Medical causes of death in state prisons, 2001\u20132004","author":"Mumola","year":"2007"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR21","volume-title":"Health, United States, 2017: With special features on racial and ethnic health disparities","author":"National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)","year":"2018"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR22","volume-title":"The growth of incarceration in the United States: Exploring causes and consequences","author":"National Research Council","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0746","article-title":"Differences in life expectancy due to race and educational differences are widening, and many may not catch up","volume":"31","author":"Olshansky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1086\/374403","article-title":"The mark of a criminal record","volume":"108","author":"Pager","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0123","article-title":"Incarcerating death: Mortality in U.S. state correctional facilities, 1985\u20131998","volume":"47","author":"Patterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301148","article-title":"The dose\u2013response of time served in prison on mortality: New York State, 1989\u20132003","volume":"103","author":"Patterson","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.121855","article-title":"All-cause and cause-specific mortality among men released from state prison, 1980\u20132005","volume":"98","author":"Rosen","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800202","article-title":"Enduring stigma: The long-term effects of incarceration on health","volume":"48","author":"Schnittker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-017-0611-1","article-title":"The growth, scope, and spatial distribution of people with felony records in the United States, 1948\u20132010","volume":"54","author":"Shannon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq422","article-title":"Prisoner survival inside and outside of the institution: Implications for health-care planning","volume":"173","author":"Spaulding","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12174","article-title":"Hopelessly devoted? Relationship quality during and after incarceration","volume":"77","author":"Turney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716206286898","article-title":"Citizenship, democracy, and the civic reintegration of criminal offenders","volume":"605","author":"Uggen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"2021012903592923100_CR33","first-page":"1","article-title":"ipw: An R package for inverse probability weighting","volume":"43","author":"van der Wal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2307\/3088944","article-title":"The impact of incarceration on wage mobility and inequality","volume":"67","author":"Western","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.0.0052","article-title":"Parental imprisonment, the prison boom, and the concentration of childhood disadvantage","volume":"46","author":"Wildeman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/1745-9125.12107","article-title":"Incarceration and population health in wealthy democracies","volume":"54","author":"Wildeman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Criminology"},{"key":"2021012903592923100_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30259-3","article-title":"Mass incarceration, public health, and widening inequality in the USA","volume":"389","author":"Wildeman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Demography"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13524-020-00869-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13524-020-00869-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/57\/2\/577\/844948\/577daza.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13524-020-00869-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article-pdf\/57\/2\/577\/844948\/577daza.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T23:00:13Z","timestamp":1611874813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/read.dukeupress.edu\/demography\/article\/57\/2\/577\/168006\/The-Consequences-of-Incarceration-for-Mortality-in"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13524-020-00869-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0070-3370","1533-7790"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0070-3370","type":"print"},{"value":"1533-7790","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}