{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:28:30Z","timestamp":1792110510518,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Duke University Press","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,29]],"date-time":"2021-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":196,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011326","name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011326","name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A conclusion of the European Fertility Project in 1986 was that pretransition populations mostly displayed natural fertility, where parity-dependent birth control was absent. This conclusion has recently been challenged for England by new empirical results and has also been widely rejected by theorists of long-run economic growth, where pre-industrial fertility control is integral to most models. In this study, we use the accident of twin births to show that for three Western European\u2013derived pre-industrial populations\u2014namely, England (1730\u20131879), France (1670\u20131788), and Qu\u00e9bec (1621\u20131835)\u2014we find no evidence for parity-dependent control of marital fertility. If a twin was born in any of these populations, family size increased by 1 compared with families with a singleton birth at the same parity and mother age, with no reduction of subsequent fertility. Numbers of children surviving to age 14 also increased. Twin births also show no differential effect on fertility when they occurred at high parities; this finding is in contrast to populations where fertility is known to have been controlled by at least some families, such as in England, 1900\u20131949, where a twin birth increased average births per family by significantly less than 1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-020-00898-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]],"date-time":"2020-07-17T17:20:40Z","timestamp":1595006440000},"page":"1571-1595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Twins Support the Absence of Parity-Dependent Fertility Control in Pretransition Populations"],"prefix":"10.1215","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"Clark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Economic History, London School of Economics, and Center for Economic Policy Research, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Cummins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economic History, London School of Economics, and Center for Economic Policy Research, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"73","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021012904004388800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4054\/DemRes.2012.27.19","article-title":"Detecting the evolution of deliberate fertility control before the demographic transition in Germany","volume":"27","author":"Amialchuk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Demographic Research"},{"key":"2021012904004388800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2307\/2061176","article-title":"Birth spacing and fertility limitation: A behavioral analysis of a nineteenth century frontier population","volume":"22","author":"Anderton","year":"1985","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021012904004388800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2006.0030","article-title":"Deliberate control in a natural fertility population: Southern Sweden, 1766\u20131864","volume":"43","author":"Bengtsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"2021012904004388800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1017\/S136149161100013X","article-title":"Survival of the richest? 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The micro-evidence for Malthus. Testing the positive and preventative check, and the Iron Law, in France 1650\u20131820 (Unpublished working paper). 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