{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:35:46Z","timestamp":1786721746745,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Seed Grant","award":["RD\/0524-IRCCSH0-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD\/0524-IRCCSH0-004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomed. Eng. Lett."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-026-00583-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T04:43:25Z","timestamp":1777956205000},"page":"903-928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating optoacoustic microscopy with existing and emerging imaging modalities: a review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Ranjan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias Novik","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astita","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandeep Kumar","family":"Kalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1483","volume":"7","author":"V Ntziachristos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ntziachristos V. Going deeper than microscopy: the optical imaging frontier in biology. Nat Methods. 2010;7(8):603\u201314.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016706","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.016706","volume":"71","author":"M Xu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xu M, Wang LV. Universal back-projection algorithm for photoacoustic computed tomography. Phys Rev E\u2014Statistical Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys. 2005;71(1):016706.","journal-title":"Phys Rev E\u2014Statistical Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"583_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100450","volume":"29","author":"Y Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang Y, et al. High-fidelity deep functional photoacoustic tomography enhanced by virtual point sources. Photoacoustics. 2023;29:100450.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.42.001899","volume":"42","author":"KP K\u00f6stli","year":"2003","unstructured":"K\u00f6stli KP, Beard PC. Two-dimensional photoacoustic imaging by use of Fourier-transform image reconstruction and a detector with an anisotropic response. Appl Opt. 2003;42(10):1899\u2013908.","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1501898","volume":"112","author":"G Paltauf","year":"2002","unstructured":"Paltauf G, Viator JA, Prahl SA, Jacques SL. Iterative reconstruction algorithm for optoacoustic imaging. J Acoust Soc Am. 2002;112(4):1536\u201344.","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"583_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100521","volume":"31","author":"X Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu X, Kalva SK, Lafci B, Nozdriukhin D, De\u00e1n-Ben XL, Razansky D. Full-view LED-based optoacoustic tomography. Photoacoustics. 2023;31:100521.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-025-01992-x","volume":"14","author":"SK Kalva","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kalva SK, et al. Toward noninvasive optoacoustic imaging of whole-heart dynamics in mice. Light Sci Appl. 2025;14(1):391.","journal-title":"Light Sci Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2013.03.007","volume":"16","author":"X Cai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cai X, Zhang YS, Xia Y, Wang LV. Photoacoustic microscopy in tissue engineering. Mater Today. 2013;16(3):67\u201377.","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.55.002301","volume":"55","author":"J Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao J, Li Y, Jin W, Peng K, Zhu Z, Wang B. Photoacoustic endoscopy with hollow structured lens-focused polyvinylidine fluoride transducer. Appl Opt. 2016;55(9):2301\u20135.","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.201200060","volume":"7","author":"J Yao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yao J, Wang LV Photoacoustic microscopy. Laser Photon Rev. 2013;7(5):758\u20137.","journal-title":"Laser Photon Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/52\/5\/010","volume":"52","author":"M Sivaramakrishnan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sivaramakrishnan M, Maslov K, Zhang HF, Stoica G, Wang LV. Limitations of quantitative photoacoustic measurements of blood oxygenation in small vessels. Phys Med Biol. 2007;52(5):1349.","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34032","DOI":"10.1117\/1.2210907","volume":"11","author":"J-T Oh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oh J-T, Li M-L, Zhang HF, Maslov K, Stoica G, Wang LV. Three-dimensional imaging of skin melanoma in vivo by dual-wavelength photoacoustic microscopy. J Biomed Opt. 2006;11(3):34032.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"24","key":"583_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4139","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.004139","volume":"35","author":"D-K Yao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yao D-K, Maslov K, Shung KK, Zhou Q, Wang LV. In vivo label-free photoacoustic microscopy of cell nuclei by excitation of DNA and RNA. Opt Lett. 2010;35(24):4139\u201341.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20504","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.18.2.020504","volume":"18","author":"C Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang C, Zhang YS, Yao D-K, Xia Y, Wang LV. Label-free photoacoustic microscopy of cytochromes. J Biomed Opt. 2013;18(2):20504.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.14.169","volume":"10","author":"W Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li W, Chen X. Gold nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(2):299\u2013320.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"583_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2019.100141","volume":"15","author":"S Jeon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeon S, Kim J, Lee D, Baik JW, Kim C. Review on practical photoacoustic microscopy. Photoacoustics. 2019;15:100141.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s13534-018-0067-2","volume":"8","author":"W Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu W, Yao J. Photoacoustic microscopy: principles and biomedical applications. Biomed Eng Lett. 2018;8(2):203\u201313.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Lett"},{"key":"583_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100462","volume":"30","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, et al. In vivo characterization and analysis of glioblastoma at different stages using multiscale photoacoustic molecular imaging. Photoacoustics. 2023;30:100462.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100569","volume":"34","author":"T Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun T, Lv J, Zhao X, Li W, Zhang Z, Nie L. In vivo liver function reserve assessments in alcoholic liver disease by scalable photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustics. 2023;34:100569.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100616","volume":"38","author":"S Nemirova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nemirova S, et al. Scanning optoacoustic angiography for assessing structural and functional alterations in superficial vasculature of patients with post-thrombotic syndrome: A pilot study. Photoacoustics. 2024;38:100616.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100660","volume":"40","author":"A Karlas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karlas A, et al. Multiscale optoacoustic assessment of skin microvascular reactivity in carotid artery disease. Photoacoustics. 2024;40:100660.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2025.100739","volume":"44","author":"E Park","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park E, Kim D, Ha M, Kim D, Kim C. A comprehensive review of high-performance photoacoustic microscopy systems. Photoacoustics. 2025;44:100739.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.13378","volume":"298","author":"P Kalitsounakis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kalitsounakis P, Zacharakis G, Tserevelakis GJ. Towards affordable biomedical imaging: Recent advances in low-cost, high\u2010resolution optoacoustic microscopy. J Microsc. 2025;298(1):3\u20139.","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21173","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202521173","volume":"13","author":"T Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang T, Chen J, Nie L, Li H. Photoacoustic Microscopy for Multiscale Biological System Visualization and Clinical Translation. Adv Sci. 2026;13(9):e21173.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"583_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00765A","volume":"46","author":"XL De\u00e1n-Ben","year":"2017","unstructured":"De\u00e1n-Ben XL, Gottschalk S, Mc Larney B, Shoham S, Razansky D. Advanced optoacoustic methods for multiscale imaging of in vivo dynamics. Chem Soc Rev. 2017;46(8):2158\u201398.","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nphoton.2009.157","volume":"3","author":"LV Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang LV. Multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography. Nat Photonics. 2009;3(9):503\u20139. .","journal-title":"Nat Photonics"},{"key":"583_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanches JM, Laine AF, Suri JS. Ultrasound imaging. Springer; 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1180-2"},{"issue":"11","key":"583_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5159","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.9.005159","volume":"9","author":"X Leng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leng X, et al. Feasibility of co-registered ultrasound and acoustic-resolution photoacoustic imaging of human colorectal cancer. Biomed Opt Express. 2018;9(11):5159\u201372.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"583_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De\u00e1n-Ben XL, Mer\u010dep E, and Razansky D. Hybrid-array-based optoacoustic and ultrasound (OPUS) imaging of biological tissues. Applied Physics Letters, 2017;110(20).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4983462"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.484038","volume":"14","author":"J Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu J, et al. Simultaneous dual-modal photoacoustic and harmonic ultrasound microscopy with an optimized acoustic combiner. Biomed Opt Express. 2023;14(4):1626\u201335.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"key":"583_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjan A, Agarwal K, Melands\u00f8 F. Photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging of caridea for quantification of pigments and hardness measurement, In: 2023 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS), IEEE, 2023, pp. 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/IUS51837.2023.10308042"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1011709","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011709","volume":"20","author":"A Ranjan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ranjan A, Swain JK, Ahluwalia BS, Melands\u00f8 F. 3-D Visualization of Atlantic salmon skin through Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Microscopy. PLoS Comput Biol. 2024;20(10):e1011709.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"583_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2022.100348","volume":"26","author":"J Palma-Chavez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palma-Chavez J, Wear KA, Mantri Y, Jokerst JV, Vogt WC. Photoacoustic imaging phantoms for assessment of object detectability and boundary buildup artifacts. Photoacoustics. 2022;26:100348.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1063\/1.373863","volume":"88","author":"G Paltauf","year":"2000","unstructured":"Paltauf G, Schmidt-Kloiber H. Pulsed optoacoustic characterization of layered media. J Appl Phys. 2000;88(3):1624\u201331.","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.14366\/usg.14062","volume":"34","author":"J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee D, Jung U, Kim C. Photoacoustic imaging platforms for multimodal imaging. Ultrasonography. 2015;34(2):88\u201397.","journal-title":"Ultrasonography"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(95)01640-F","volume":"47","author":"L Wang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wang L, Jacques SL, Zheng L. MCML\u2014Monte Carlo modeling of light transport in multi-layered tissues. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 1995;47(2):131\u201346.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"583_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2022.100367","volume":"26","author":"V Grasso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grasso V, Willumeit-R\u04e7mer R, Jose J. Superpixel spectral unmixing framework for the volumetric assessment of tissue chromophores: A photoacoustic data-driven approach. Photoacoustics. 2022;26:100367.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12121","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12121","volume":"7","author":"S Tzoumas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tzoumas S, et al. Eigenspectra optoacoustic tomography achieves quantitative blood oxygenation imaging deep in tissues. Nat Commun. 2016;7(1):12121.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s42492-018-0003-4","volume":"1","author":"Y Tang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tang Y, Liu W, Li Y, Zhou Q, Yao J. Concurrent photoacoustic and ultrasound microscopy with a coaxial dual-element ultrasonic transducer. Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art. 2018;1(1):3.","journal-title":"Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37267","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037267","volume":"7","author":"SY Nam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nam SY, Ricles LM, Suggs LJ, Emelianov SY. In vivo ultrasound and photoacoustic monitoring of mesenchymal stem cells labeled with gold nanotracers. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e37267.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2013.0203","volume":"20","author":"Y Talukdar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Talukdar Y, Avti P, Sun J, Sitharaman B. Multimodal ultrasound-photoacoustic imaging of tissue engineering scaffolds and blood oxygen saturation in and around the scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2014;20(5):440\u20139.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part C Methods"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.002769","volume":"7","author":"T-H Bok","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bok T-H, Hysi E, Kolios MC. Simultaneous assessment of red blood cell aggregation and oxygen saturation under pulsatile flow using high-frequency photoacoustics. Biomed Opt Express. 2016;7(7):2769\u201380.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"12","key":"583_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.08.006","volume":"38","author":"B Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang B, et al. In vivo intravascular ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging of lipid in plaques using an animal model of atherosclerosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2012;38(12):2098\u2013103.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37310-2","volume":"9","author":"DJ Lawrence","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lawrence DJ, Escott ME, Myers L, Intapad S, Lindsey SH, Bayer CL. Spectral photoacoustic imaging to estimate in vivo placental oxygenation during preeclampsia. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):558.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"13","key":"583_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.32546","volume":"9","author":"KP Kubelick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kubelick KP, Snider EJ, Ethier CR, Emelianov S. Development of a stem cell tracking platform for ophthalmic applications using ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Theranostics. 2019;9(13):3812.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35137","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35137","volume":"6","author":"J Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim J, et al. Programmable real-time clinical photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging system. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):35137.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091772","volume":"256","author":"TN Erpelding","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erpelding TN, et al. Sentinel lymph nodes in the rat: noninvasive photoacoustic and US imaging with a clinical US system. Radiology. 2010;256(1):102\u201310.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"101","key":"583_CR48","first-page":"405","volume":"102","author":"SY Emelianov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Emelianov SY, et al. Synergy and applications of combined ultrasound, elasticity, and photoacoustic imaging. Skin (Los Angeles). 2006;102(101):405\u201315.","journal-title":"Skin (Los Angeles)"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3542","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-020-07353-z","volume":"31","author":"C Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao C, et al. Multimodal photoacoustic\/ultrasonic imaging system: a promising imaging method for the evaluation of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(5):3542\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"583_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park E-Y, Park S, Lee H, Kang M, Kim C, Kim J. Simultaneous dual-modal multispectral photoacoustic and ultrasound macroscopy for three-dimensional whole-body imaging of small animals, In: Photonics, MDPI. 2021, p. 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics8010013"},{"key":"583_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahn J, Choi H, Lim S, Kim JY, Park J.Wide-Field High-Speed Scanning Acoustic\/Photoacoustic Microscopy for Whole-Body Imaging of Small Animals. Biosensors, 2025;15(4), p.200.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15040200"},{"key":"583_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2022.100444","volume":"29","author":"L Menozzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Menozzi L, Del \u00c1, \u00c1guila T, Vu C, Ma W, Yang, Yao J. Three-dimensional non-invasive brain imaging of ischemic stroke by integrated photoacoustic, ultrasound and angiographic tomography (PAUSAT). Photoacoustics. 2023;29:100444.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100574","volume":"34","author":"Y Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee Y, et al. Theoretical and experimental study on the detection limit of the micro-ring resonator based ultrasound point detectors. Photoacoustics. 2023;34:100574.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100548","volume":"33","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, et al. Broadband transparent ultrasound transducer with polymethyl methacrylate as matching layer for in vivo photoacoustic microscopy. Photoacoustics. 2023;33:100548.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2022.100417","volume":"28","author":"M Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen M, et al. High-speed wide-field photoacoustic microscopy using a cylindrically focused transparent high-frequency ultrasound transducer. Photoacoustics. 2022;28:100417.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45273-4","volume":"15","author":"S Cho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cho S, et al. An ultrasensitive and broadband transparent ultrasound transducer for ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging in-vivo. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):1444.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"583_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00387","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202500387","volume":"19","author":"B Perleberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perleberg B, et al. Simultaneous Photoacoustic and Laser-Induced Ultrasound Imaging of Animals and Humans via a Semi\u2010Transparent Ultrasound Transducer. Laser Photon Rev. 2025;19:e00387.","journal-title":"Laser Photon Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"021102","DOI":"10.3788\/COL202523.021102","volume":"23","author":"C Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang C, et al. In vivo whole brain photoacoustic microscopy through a transparent ultrasound transducer. Chin Opt Lett. 2025;23(2):021102.","journal-title":"Chin Opt Lett"},{"issue":"47","key":"583_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadq9960","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adq9960","volume":"10","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim J, et al. Enhanced dual-mode imaging: Superior photoacoustic and ultrasound endoscopy in live pigs using a transparent ultrasound transducer. Sci Adv. 2024;10(47):eadq9960.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"583_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100640","volume":"39","author":"S Kou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kou S, et al. A portable photoacoustic microscopy and ultrasound system for rectal cancer imaging. Photoacoustics. 2024;39:100640.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106001","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3631798","volume":"16","author":"W Wei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wei W, Li X, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Chen Z. Integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic probe for co-registered intravascular imaging. J Biomed Opt. 2011;16(10):106001.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"583_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qu M, et al. Combined photoacoustic and magneto-motive ultrasound imaging. In: Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2010. SPIE; 2010. pp. 679\u201385.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.842406"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.000385","volume":"2","author":"M Qu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Qu M, et al. Magneto-photo-acoustic imaging. Biomed Opt Express. 2011;2(2):385\u201396.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"5035","key":"583_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","volume":"254","author":"D Huang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Huang D, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254(5035):1178\u201381.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"583_CR65","unstructured":"Zhao, Youbo, Benedikt W, Graf, Stephen A, Boppart. Optical Coherence Tomography 2011."},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32835f8bf8","volume":"24","author":"M Adhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adhi M, Duker JS. Optical coherence tomography\u2013current and future applications. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2013;24(3):213\u201321.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"11","key":"583_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.12.002404","volume":"12","author":"M Wojtkowski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wojtkowski M, Srinivasan VJ, Ko TH, Fujimoto JG, Kowalczyk A, Duker JS. Ultrahigh-resolution, high-speed, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography and methods for dispersion compensation. Opt Express. 2004;12(11):2404\u201322.","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/86589","volume":"7","author":"W Drexler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Drexler W, Morgner U, Ghanta RK, K\u00e4rtner FX, Schuman JS, Fujimoto JG. Ultrahigh-resolution ophthalmic optical coherence tomography. Nat Med. 2001;7(4):502\u20137.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"583_CR69","first-page":"190","volume":"5312","author":"AG Bibas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bibas AG, et al. Optical coherence tomography in otolaryngology: original results and review of the literature. Lasers Surgery: Adv Charact Ther Syst XIV. 2004;5312:190\u20135.","journal-title":"Lasers Surgery: Adv Charact Ther Syst XIV"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0846.2001.007001001.x","volume":"7","author":"J Welzel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Welzel J. Optical coherence tomography in dermatology: a review. Skin Res Technology: Rev article. 2001;7(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technology: Rev article"},{"issue":"11","key":"583_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11607","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.011607","volume":"18","author":"M Mujat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mujat M, Ferguson RD, Patel AH, Iftimia N, Lue N, Hammer DX. High resolution multimodal clinical ophthalmic imaging system. Opt Express. 2010;18(11):11607\u201321.","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"583_CR72","first-page":"251584142110024","volume":"13","author":"MJ Ringel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ringel MJ, Tang EM, Tao YK. Advances in multimodal imaging in ophthalmology. Ther Adv Ophthalmol. 2021;13:25158414211002400.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3967","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.18.003967","volume":"18","author":"S Jiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jiao S, et al. Photoacoustic ophthalmoscopy for in vivo retinal imaging. Opt Express. 2010;18(4):3967\u201372.","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1824","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.52.001824","volume":"52","author":"C Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee C, et al. Combined photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography using a single near-infrared supercontinuum laser source. Appl Opt. 2013;52(9):1824\u20138.","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"issue":"19","key":"583_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2961","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.34.002961","volume":"34","author":"S Jiao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jiao S, Xie Z, Zhang HF, Puliafito CA. Simultaneous multimodal imaging with integrated photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett. 2009;34(19):2961\u20133.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2012.0326","volume":"19","author":"X Cai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cai X, et al. Investigation of neovascularization in three-dimensional porous scaffolds in vivo by a combination of multiscale photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2013;19(3):196\u2013204.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part C Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.2.001359","volume":"2","author":"T Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu T, Wei Q, Wang J, Jiao S, Zhang HF. Combined photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography can measure metabolic rate of oxygen. Biomed Opt Express. 2011;2(5):1359\u201365.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.04.001","volume":"216","author":"V Tsytsarev","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsytsarev V, Rao B, Maslov KI, Li L, Wang LV. Photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography of epilepsy with high temporal and spatial resolution and dual optical contrasts. J Neurosci Methods. 2013;216(2):142\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"583_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2020.100188","volume":"19","author":"X Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu X, et al. Resolution-matched reflection mode photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography dual modality system. Photoacoustics. 2020;19:100188.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616618","DOI":"10.3389\/fphy.2020.616618","volume":"8","author":"Z Hosseinaee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hosseinaee Z, Tummon JA, Simmons, Reza PH. Dual-modal photoacoustic imaging and optical coherence tomography. Front Phys. 2021;8:616618.","journal-title":"Front Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.003163","volume":"6","author":"B Zabihian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zabihian B, et al. In vivo dual-modality photoacoustic and optical coherence tomography imaging of human dermatological pathologies. Biomed Opt Express. 2015;6(9):3163\u201378.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30502","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.17.3.030502","volume":"17","author":"X Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang HF, Jiao S. Optical coherence photoacoustic microscopy: accomplishing optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy with a single light source. J Biomed Opt. 2012;17(3):30502.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35176","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35176","volume":"6","author":"D Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee D, Lee C, Kim S, Zhou Q, Kim J, Kim C. In vivo near infrared virtual intraoperative surgical photoacoustic optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):35176.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.390410","volume":"11","author":"R Haindl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Haindl R, et al. Functional optical coherence tomography and photoacoustic microscopy imaging for zebrafish larvae. Biomed Opt Express. 2020;11(4):2137\u201351.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20276-z","volume":"12","author":"VP Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen VP, et al. Chain-like gold nanoparticle clusters for multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography enhanced molecular imaging. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):34.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"583_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen VP et al. In vivo multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography longitudinal tracking of progenitor cells labeled with functionalized chain-like gold nanoparticle clusters after ocular subretinal transplantation, In: Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing., 2021, SPIE, 2021, p. 116422R.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2577647"},{"key":"583_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100631","volume":"38","author":"N Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding N, et al. Probe fusion all-optic OCT-PAM dual-mode imaging system for biomedical imaging. Photoacoustics. 2024;38:100631.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"21","key":"583_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.42.004319","volume":"42","author":"R Haindl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haindl R, et al. Dual modality reflection mode optical coherence and photoacoustic microscopy using an akinetic sensor. Opt Lett. 2017;42(21):4319\u201322.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"11","key":"583_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1920879118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920879118","volume":"118","author":"J Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park J, et al. Quadruple ultrasound, photoacoustic, optical coherence, and fluorescence fusion imaging with a transparent ultrasound transducer. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2021;118(11):e1920879118.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"583_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2020.108368","volume":"202","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, et al. Retinal safety evaluation of photoacoustic microscopy. Exp Eye Res. 2021;202:108368.","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42324-5","volume":"9","author":"VP Nguyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nguyen VP, et al. Contrast agent enhanced multimodal photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography for imaging of rabbit choroidal and retinal vessels in vivo. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5945.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"583_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth817","volume":"2","author":"JW Lichtman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lichtman JW, Conchello J-A. Fluorescence microscopy. Nat Methods. 2005;2(12):910\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"583_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2024.100610","volume":"38","author":"X Mu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mu X, et al. On-demand expansion fluorescence and photoacoustic microscopy (ExFLPAM). Photoacoustics. 2024;38:100610.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2059026","volume":"57","author":"Y Wang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wang Y, Maslov K, Kim C, Hu S, Wang LV. Integrated photoacoustic and fluorescence confocal microscopy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2010;57(10):2576\u20138.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19660","DOI":"10.3390\/s141019660","volume":"14","author":"S Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park S, Kim J, Jeon M, Song J, Kim C. In vivo photoacoustic and fluorescence cystography using clinically relevant dual modal indocyanine green. Sensors. 2014;14(10):19660\u20138.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.3c03186","volume":"36","author":"A Dubey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dubey A, Sanchez SL, Yang J, Ahmadi M. Lead-free halide perovskites for photocatalysis via high-throughput exploration. Chem Mater. 2024;36(5):2165\u201376.","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"issue":"23","key":"583_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26515","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.4c00675","volume":"7","author":"M Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang M, et al. Mechanoluminescent Light Sources Based on Nanostructured Systems for Biomedical Applications: A Review. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2024;7(23):26515\u201333.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.42.001253","volume":"42","author":"B Yan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yan B, Qin H, Huang C, Li C, Chen Q, Xing D. Single-wavelength excited photoacoustic-fluorescence microscopy for in vivo pH mapping. Opt Lett. 2017;42(7):1253\u20136.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00618K","volume":"48","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Bhattarai P, Dai Z, Chen X. Photothermal therapy and photoacoustic imaging via nanotheranostics in fighting cancer. Chem Soc Rev. 2019;48(7):2053\u2013108.","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"583_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100029","DOI":"10.1002\/anbr.202100029","volume":"1","author":"M Rizwan Younis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rizwan Younis M, He G, Gurram B, Lin J, Huang P. Recent Advances in Gold Nanorods-Based Cancer Theranostics. Adv Nanobiomed Res. 2021;1(12):2100029.","journal-title":"Adv Nanobiomed Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"583_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700125","DOI":"10.1002\/marc.201700125","volume":"38","author":"D Cui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cui D, Xie C, Pu K. Development of semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2017;38(12):1700125.","journal-title":"Macromol Rapid Commun"},{"key":"583_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2019.02.001","volume":"14","author":"C Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu C, et al. The integrated high-resolution reflection-mode photoacoustic and fluorescence confocal microscopy. Photoacoustics. 2019;14:12\u20138.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-016-1288-x","volume":"11","author":"J Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen J, et al. Indocyanine green loaded reduced graphene oxide for in vivo photoacoustic\/fluorescence dual-modality tumor imaging. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016;11(1):85.","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"583_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.10.014","volume":"37","author":"N Beziere","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beziere N, et al. Dynamic imaging of PEGylated indocyanine green (ICG) liposomes within the tumor microenvironment using multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Biomaterials. 2015;37:415\u201324.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"50","key":"583_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6589","DOI":"10.1039\/c4cc02038c","volume":"50","author":"N-Y Kang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang N-Y, et al. A macrophage uptaking near-infrared chemical probe CDnir7 for in vivo imaging of inflammation. Chem Commun. 2014;50(50):6589\u201391.","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC04986E","volume":"7","author":"P Anees","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anees P, et al. Real time monitoring of aminothiol level in blood using a near-infrared dye assisted deep tissue fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging. Chem Sci. 2016;7(7):4110\u20136.","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"583_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.009","volume":"129","author":"L Tang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tang L, et al. Croconaine nanoparticles with enhanced tumor accumulation for multimodality cancer theranostics. Biomaterials. 2017;129:28\u201336.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.7b00065","volume":"28","author":"T Guan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guan T, et al. From detection to resection: photoacoustic tomography and surgery guidance with indocyanine green loaded gold nanorod@ liposome core\u2013shell nanoparticles in liver cancer. Bioconjug Chem. 2017;28(4):1221\u20138.","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"issue":"25","key":"583_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12618","DOI":"10.1039\/C5NR08165C","volume":"8","author":"M Shakiba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shakiba M, et al. Stable J-aggregation enabled dual photoacoustic and fluorescence nanoparticles for intraoperative cancer imaging. Nanoscale. 2016;8(25):12618\u201325.","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"583_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, Danjin, Maxime Henry, Vanessa Trouillet, Clothilde Comby-Zerbino, Franck Bertorelle, Lucie Sancey, Rodolphe Antoine, Jean-Luc Coll, V\u00e9ronique Josserand, and Xavier Le Gu\u00e9vel. Zwitterion functionalized gold nanoclusters for multimodal near infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. APL materials 5, no. 5 (2017).","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4977203"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1021\/nn102274q","volume":"5","author":"WJ Akers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akers WJ, et al. Noninvasive photoacoustic and fluorescence sentinel lymph node identification using dye-loaded perfluorocarbon nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2011;5(1):173\u201382.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"11","key":"583_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5986","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202015116","volume":"133","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, et al. Activatable polymeric nanoprobe for near-infrared fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of T lymphocytes. Angew Chem. 2021;133(11):5986\u201392.","journal-title":"Angew Chem"},{"key":"583_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100552","volume":"33","author":"W Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu W, Leskinen J, Sahlstr\u00f6m T, Happonen E, Tarvainen T, Lehto V-P. Assembly of fluorophore J-aggregates with nanospacer onto mesoporous nanoparticles for enhanced photoacoustic imaging. Photoacoustics. 2023;33:100552.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02192-8","volume":"21","author":"B Sridharan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sridharan B, Lim HG. Advances in photoacoustic imaging aided by nano contrast agents: special focus on role of lymphatic system imaging for cancer theranostics. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21(1):437.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.41.001636","volume":"41","author":"Z Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen Z, Yang S, Xing D. Optically integrated trimodality imaging system: combined all-optical photoacoustic microscopy, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescence imaging. Opt Lett. 2016;41(7):1636\u20139.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.5.002135","volume":"5","author":"J James","year":"2014","unstructured":"James J, Murukeshan VM, Woh LS. Integrated photoacoustic, ultrasound and fluorescence platform for diagnostic medical imaging-proof of concept study with a tissue mimicking phantom. Biomed Opt Express. 2014;5(7):2135\u201344.","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1159\/000090614","volume":"103","author":"KW Dunn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dunn KW, Young PA. Principles of multiphoton microscopy. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2006;103(2):e33\u201340.","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2818.2011.03532.x","volume":"243","author":"A Ustione","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ustione A, Piston DW. A simple introduction to multiphoton microscopy. J Microsc. 2011;243(3):221\u20136.","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bioeng.2.1.399","volume":"2","author":"PTC So","year":"2000","unstructured":"So PTC, Dong CY, Masters BR, Berland KM. Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;2(1):399\u2013429.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"key":"583_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soliman D, Tserevelakis GJ, Omar M, Ntziachristos V. Hybrid label-free multiphoton and optoacoustic microscopy (MPOM), In: European Conference on Biomedical Optics, Optica Publishing Group, 2015, p. 953908.","DOI":"10.1364\/ECBO.2015.953908"},{"issue":"3","key":"583_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2016.07.001","volume":"4","author":"M Seeger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seeger M, Karlas A, Soliman D, Pelisek J, Ntziachristos V. Multimodal optoacoustic and multiphoton microscopy of human carotid atheroma. Photoacoustics. 2016;4(3):102\u201311.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"19","key":"583_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22410","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.21.022410","volume":"21","author":"G Langer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Langer G, Bouchal K-D, Gr\u00fcn H, Burgholzer P, Berer T. Two-photon absorption-induced photoacoustic imaging of Rhodamine B dyed polyethylene spheres using a femtosecond laser. Opt Express. 2013;21(19):22410\u201322.","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.07.005","volume":"58","author":"M Oheim","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oheim M, Michael DJ, Geisbauer M, Madsen D, Chow RH. Principles of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and other nonlinear imaging approaches. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2006;58(7):788\u2013808.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"583_CR124","unstructured":"Baldeweck T, et al. Multiphoton Microscopy and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging: Applications in Biology and Medicine. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG; 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"583_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth818","volume":"2","author":"F Helmchen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Helmchen F, Denk W. Deep tissue two-photon microscopy. Nat Methods. 2005;2(12):932\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.44.001154","volume":"44","author":"GJ Tserevelakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tserevelakis GJ, Tsafas V, Melessanaki K, Zacharakis G, Filippidis G. Combined multiphoton fluorescence microscopy and photoacoustic imaging for stratigraphic analysis of paintings. Opt Lett. 2019;44(5):1154\u20137.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1002\/jbio.201300059","volume":"7","author":"RL Shelton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shelton RL, Mattison SP, Applegate BE. Volumetric imaging of erythrocytes using label-free multiphoton photoacoustic microscopy. J Biophotonics. 2014;7(10):834\u201340.","journal-title":"J Biophotonics"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07819-4","volume":"15","author":"S Sundar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sundar S, et al. Integrated two-photon and optoacoustic microscopy for functional neuroimaging. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):20793.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"053002","DOI":"10.1088\/2040-8986\/aab58a","volume":"20","author":"JM Girkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Girkin JM, Carvalho MT. The light-sheet microscopy revolution. J Opt. 2018;20(5):053002.","journal-title":"J Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1364\/AOP.10.000111","volume":"10","author":"OE Olarte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Olarte OE, Andilla J, Gualda EJ, Loza-Alvarez P. Light-sheet microscopy: a tutorial. Adv Opt Photonics. 2018;10(1):111\u201379.","journal-title":"Adv Opt Photonics"},{"issue":"7","key":"583_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2200846","DOI":"10.1002\/lpor.202200846","volume":"17","author":"P Vetschera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vetschera P, et al. Beyond early development: observing zebrafish over 6 weeks with hybrid optical and optoacoustic imaging. Laser Photon Rev. 2023;17(7):2200846.","journal-title":"Laser Photon Rev"},{"key":"583_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuster R, Slezak P, Paltauf G. Light-sheet photoacoustic microscopy (LIS-PAM) with optical ultrasound detection, In: Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2016, SPIE, 2016, pp. 480\u2013485.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2209478"},{"issue":"12","key":"583_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1021\/a1980021p","volume":"70","author":"LA Lyon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lyon LA, et al. Raman spectroscopy. Anal Chem. 1998;70(12):341\u201362.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"583_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith E, Dent G. Modern Raman spectroscopy: a practical approach. Wiley; 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119440598"},{"issue":"6","key":"583_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1039\/b821100k","volume":"134","author":"P Matousek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Matousek P, Stone N. Emerging concepts in deep Raman spectroscopy of biological tissue. Analyst. 2009;134(6):1058\u201366.","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10380-z","volume":"12","author":"U Parlatan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parlatan U, et al. Atrial fibrillation designation with micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning acoustic microscope. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):6461.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"47","key":"583_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20335","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1012432107","volume":"107","author":"VV Yakovlev","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yakovlev VV, Zhang HF, Noojin GD, Denton ML, Thomas RJ, Scully MO. Stimulated Raman photoacoustic imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2010;107(47):20335\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"583_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86002","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.20.8.086002","volume":"20","author":"A Sheinfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheinfeld A, Eldridge WJ, Wax A. Quantitative phase imaging with molecular sensitivity using photoacoustic microscopy with a miniature ring transducer. J Biomed Opt. 2015;20(8):86002.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"10","key":"583_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1109\/29.60105","volume":"38","author":"B Friedlander","year":"2002","unstructured":"Friedlander B. A sensitivity analysis of the MUSIC algorithm. IEEE Trans Acoust. 2002;38(10):1740\u201351.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Acoust"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1137\/090748494","volume":"52","author":"H Ammari","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ammari H, Bossy E, Jugnon V, Kang H. Mathematical modeling in photoacoustic imaging of small absorbers. SIAM Rev. 2010;52(4):677\u201395.","journal-title":"SIAM Rev"},{"key":"583_CR141","unstructured":"Sliney DH, Trokel SL. Medical lasers and their safe use. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012 Dec 6."},{"issue":"2","key":"583_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2818.2000.00738.x","volume":"200","author":"K K\u00f6nig","year":"2000","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig K. Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences. J Microsc. 2000;200(2):83\u2013104.","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"issue":"4","key":"583_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4224","volume":"14","author":"RM Power","year":"2017","unstructured":"Power RM, Huisken J. A guide to light-sheet fluorescence microscopy for multiscale imaging. Nat Methods. 2017;14(4):360\u201373.","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"583_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2018.09.14","volume":"8","author":"J Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi J, Tang Y, Yao J. Advances in super-resolution photoacoustic imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2018;8(8):724.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"583_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116003","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.11.116003","volume":"19","author":"PK Upputuri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Upputuri PK, Wen Z-B, Wu Z, Pramanik M. Super-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using photonic nanojets: a simulation study. J Biomed Opt. 2014;19(11):116003.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2021.3073555","volume":"40","author":"M Amjadian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amjadian M, Mostafavi SM, Chen J, Kavehvash Z, Zhu J, Wang L. Super-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using structured-illumination. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2021;40(9):2197\u2013207.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-019-0220-4","volume":"8","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim JY, Jeon S, Baik JW, Cho SH, Kim C. Super-resolution localization photoacoustic microscopy using intrinsic red blood cells as contrast absorbers. Light Sci Appl. 2019;8(1):103.","journal-title":"Light Sci Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"583_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1364\/OPTICA.4.000017","volume":"4","author":"TW Murray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murray TW, Haltmeier M, Berer T, Leiss-Holzinger E, Burgholzer P. Super-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using blind structured illumination. Optica. 2016;4(1):17\u201322.","journal-title":"Optica"},{"key":"583_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li S, Song X. Super-resolution photoacoustic microscopy based on deep learning. In: Real-Time Image Processing and Deep Learning 2021. SPIE; 2021. pp. 46\u201352.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2589655"},{"key":"583_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100545","volume":"32","author":"A Barulin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barulin A, Park H, Park B, Kim I. Dual-wavelength UV-visible metalens for multispectral photoacoustic microscopy: A simulation study. Photoacoustics. 2023;32:100545.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"issue":"5","key":"583_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2584","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3703598","volume":"39","author":"L Xi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xi L, Li X, Yao L, Grobmyer S, Jiang H. Design and evaluation of a hybrid photoacoustic tomography and diffuse optical tomography system for breast cancer detection. Med Phys. 2012;39(5):2584\u201394.","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"9","key":"583_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96016","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3626212","volume":"16","author":"AQ Bauer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bauer AQ, Nothdurft RE, Erpelding TN, Wang LV, Culver JP. Quantitative photoacoustic imaging: correcting for heterogeneous light fluence distributions using diffuse optical tomography. J Biomed Opt. 2011;16(9):96016.","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"13","key":"583_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.495361","volume":"48","author":"C Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi C, Yan Y, Mehrmohammadi M, Zhang J. Versatile multimodal modality based on Brillouin light scattering and the photoacoustic effect. Opt Lett. 2023;48(13):3427\u201330.","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"key":"583_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pacs.2023.100539","volume":"32","author":"H Assi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Assi H, et al. A review of a strategic roadmapping exercise to advance clinical translation of photoacoustic imaging: from current barriers to future adoption. Photoacoustics. 2023;32:100539.","journal-title":"Photoacoustics"},{"key":"583_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ha M, Kim J, Lee J, Cho S, Heo D, Kim M, Ahn J, Park E, Kweon JY, Kang Y, Ahn YJ. A handheld photoacoustic microscopic probe integrating a transparent ultrasound transducer and a fiber scanner. Nature Communications. 2025 Dec 31.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-68148-8"},{"key":"583_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang S, Hu S. Perspectives on endoscopic functional photoacoustic microscopy. Applied Physics Letters. 2024 Jul 15;125(3).","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0201691"}],"container-title":["Biomedical Engineering Letters"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13534-026-00583-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13534-026-00583-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13534-026-00583-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:02:18Z","timestamp":1786719738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13534-026-00583-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"references-count":156,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13534-026-00583-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2093-9868","2093-985X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2093-9868","type":"print"},{"value":"2093-985X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is an observational study. Therefore, no ethical approval is required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There were no human subjects in our study, so this does not apply to this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The manuscript does not contain any person\u2019s data in any form (including any individual details, images, or videos), so this does not apply to this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}