{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T11:07:54Z","timestamp":1791025674815,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer can lead to weight loss, anorexia, and poor nutritional status, which are associated with decreased survival in cancer patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male cancer patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009136) were followed for a mean time of 4.5\u00a0years. Variables were obtained at baseline: cancer stage, albumin, hemoglobin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin (IL)\u20106, bioavailable testosterone, appetite questionnaire, and weight change from baseline to 18\u00a0months. Primary statistical tests included Kaplan\u2013Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression (PHREG).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Univariate PHREG showed that cancer stage, albumin, hemoglobin, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, and weight change were each significantly associated with mortality risk (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but bioavailable testosterone was not. Multivariate PHREG analysis established that weight change and albumin were jointly statistically significant even after adjusting for stage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this sample of male oncology patients, cancer stage, serum albumin, and weight loss predicted survival. High levels of inflammatory markers and hemoglobin are associated with increased mortality, but do not significantly improve the ability to predict survival above and beyond cancer stage, albumin, and weight loss.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Electronic supplementary material<\/jats:title><jats:p>The online version of this article (doi:10.1007\/s13539\u2010012\u20100075\u20105) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0075-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]],"date-time":"2012-05-30T09:11:17Z","timestamp":1338369077000},"page":"245-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Predicting survival in cancer patients: the role of cachexia and hormonal, nutritional and inflammatory markers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Utech","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiriny M.","family":"Tadros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa G.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center Baylor College of Medicine  Houston TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Michael E. 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