{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T04:38:37Z","timestamp":1771562317663,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,18]],"date-time":"2012-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1347926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In chronic heart failure (CHF), cachexia is a hallmark of the terminal stage of this disease and is associated with a severely reduced quality of life and poor prognosis. Therapeutic options are currently not available. Ghrelin and its analogues BIM\u201028125 and BIM\u201028131 (now known as RM\u2010131) have been shown to increase weight in a rat model of CHF. It has been further demonstrated that the expression of myostatin, a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass, is increased in CHF. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of ghrelin or its analogues on myostatin in CHF.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an animal model of CHF, Sprague\u2013Dawley rats received either ghrelin or two ghrelin analogues BIM\u201028125 and BIM\u201028131 in two different concentrations (50 and 500 nmol\/kg\/day) compared to placebo. The compounds were delivered using osmotic mini pumps. The expression of myostatin was analyzed in skeletal muscle by RT\u2010PCR and Western blot, and muscle mass of gastrocnemius muscle was measured. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) were measured.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relative weight of the gastrocnemius muscle of the sham\u2010operated group was significantly increased compared to placebo\u2010treated CHF rats. The application of ghrelin analogue BIM\u201028125 and BIM\u201028131 in their higher concentrations led to a significant reduction in myostatin mRNA expression in comparison to placebo. Myostatin protein expression was significantly reduced in both concentrations of ghrelin and BIM\u201028131 and in the lower concentration of BIM\u201028125. The increase of TNF\u2010\u03b1 plasma concentration in the CHF\u2010animals could be abolished by all used substances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In an animal model of CHF, the expression of myostatin is significantly reduced in the skeletal muscle after application of ghrelin and most concentrations of its analogues BIM\u201028125 and BIM\u201028131 possibly due to anti\u2010inflammatory effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0085-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,17]],"date-time":"2012-09-17T16:40:15Z","timestamp":1347900015000},"page":"63-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Effect of ghrelin and its analogues, BIM\u201028131 and BIM\u201028125, on the expression of myostatin in a rat heart failure model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Karsten","family":"Lenk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Leipzig, Clinic of Cardiology University Leipzig  Str\u00fcmpellstrasse 39 04289 Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Palus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology Charit\u00e9 Medical School  Berlin"},{"name":"Center for Cardiovascular Research Charit\u00e9 Medical School  Berlin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Schur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Center Leipzig, Clinic of Cardiology University Leipzig  Str\u00fcmpellstrasse 39 04289 Leipzig"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPSEN  Milford 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