{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:20:03Z","timestamp":1789039203453,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1394496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J cachexia sarcopenia muscle"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are a myriad of proteins responsible for modulation of expenditure of energy. Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a vital component of renin\u2010angiotensin system that affects blood pressure and also linked to both cachexia and obesity via fat and muscle metabolism. Previous research suggests that the direct action of Ang II is on the brain, via angiotensin II type 1 receptor protein, affecting food intake and energy expenditure. The objective of the study is to investigate the effect of 1\u2010sarcosine (SAR)\u2010Ang II infusion on energy expenditure and metabolism in a rat model of congestive heart failure cachexia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult female rats of the Sprague Dawley strain (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933) were used (11 pair\u2010fed control, 12 ad libitum and 10, 1\u2010sarcosine\u2013angiotensin II\u2010infused rats). Body weight, faecal excretion, feed intake (in grams), water intake (in milliliters) and urine excreted were recorded daily. The measurements were recorded in three different periods (4\u00a0days prior to surgery, \u201cpre\u2010infusion\u201d; day of surgery and 5\u00a0days postsurgery, \u201cinfusion period\u201d; days 7 to 14, \u201crecovery\u201d period). Different analytical methods were used to measure energy expenditure per period, uncoupling protein 3 mRNA expression, crude protein and adipose tissue body composition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the infusion period, the SAR\u2013Ang II group experienced rapid weight loss (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in comparison to the ad libitum and pair\u2010fed groups. The SAR\u2013Ang II group displayed lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) body fat content (in percent) than the controls. There was also increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) mRNA expression in the SAR\u2013Ang II group and pair\u2010fed group when compared to the controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In summary, the results suggest that SAR\u2013Ang II infusion impairs appetite and decreases body weight by wasting predominantly adipose tissue, which may be due to elevated energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling (UCP3 protein activity).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0133-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,10]],"date-time":"2014-03-10T12:41:43Z","timestamp":1394455303000},"page":"239-246","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["1\u2010Sarcosine\u2013angiotensin II infusion effects on food intake, weight loss, energy expenditure, and skeletal muscle UCP3 gene expression in a rat model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"S. 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