{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T05:14:08Z","timestamp":1793423648917,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T13:02:21Z","timestamp":1697115741000},"page":"2933-2949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Emerging Medical Therapies in Rosacea: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Choe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5467-4102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.04.045","volume":"69","author":"M Steinhoff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Steinhoff M, Schauber J, Leyden JJ. New insights into rosacea pathophysiology: a review of recent findings. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69:S15-26.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR2","first-page":"663","volume":"144","author":"MA Mc Aleer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mc Aleer MA, Lacey N, Powell FC. The pathophysiology of rosacea. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2009;144:663\u201371.","journal-title":"G Ital Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1048_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18420","volume":"182","author":"M Schaller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schaller M, Almeida LMC, Bewley A, et al. Recommendations for rosacea diagnosis, classification and management: update from the global ROSacea COnsensus 2019 panel. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182:1269\u201376.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR4","unstructured":"Oussova T, New drug application approval letter for Epsolay (benzoyl peroxide) cream. US Food and Drug Administration. April 22, 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/appletter\/2022\/214510Orig1s000ltr.pdf. Accessed 20 July 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s27","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.5.supp.27","volume":"5","author":"J Sugarman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugarman J, Baldwin H, Bhatia N. Efficacy of microencapsulated benzoyl peroxide (E-Bpo) cream, 5% in elderly rosacea patients. SKIN J Cutan Med. 2021;5:s27.","journal-title":"SKIN J Cutan Med"},{"key":"1048_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s25","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.5.supp.25","volume":"5","author":"N Bhatia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhatia N, Werschler W, Baldwin H, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of benzoyl peroxide cream, 5%, prepared with microencapsulation in papulopustular rosacea: results from an extension of two phase 3, vehicle-controlled trials. SKIN J Cutan Med. 2021;5:s25\u2013s25.","journal-title":"SKIN J Cutan Med"},{"key":"1048_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2020.06.114","volume":"579","author":"M Erlich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erlich M, Arie T, Koifman N, Talmon Y. Structure elucidation of silica-based core-shell microencapsulated drugs for topical applications by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2020;579:778\u201385.","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"1048_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_99_18","volume":"66","author":"D Bandyopadhyay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bandyopadhyay D. Topical antibacterials in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol. 2021;66:117\u201325.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15739","volume":"48","author":"K Okamoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Okamoto K, Kanayama S, Ikeda F, Fujikawa K, Fujiwara S, Nozawa N, et al. Broad spectrum in vitro microbicidal activity of benzoyl peroxide against microorganisms related to cutaneous diseases. J Dermatol. 2021;48:551\u20135.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR10","unstructured":"Galderma Laboratories. Epsolay (benzoyl peroxide) cream, for topical use: prescribing information. 2023. https:\/\/www.galderma.com\/us\/sites\/default\/files\/2022-03\/Epsolay_PI.pdf. Accessed 16 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR11","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Zilxi (minocycline) foam, for topical use: prescribing information. 2020. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/213690s000lbl.pdf. Accessed 16 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR12","first-page":"6","volume":"75","author":"JM Weinberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weinberg JM. The anti-inflammatory effects of tetracyclines. Cutis. 2005;75:6\u201311.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"1048_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2174\/138955712798868977","volume":"12","author":"F Bahrami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bahrami F, Morris DL, Pourgholami MH. Tetracyclines: drugs with huge therapeutic potential. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2012;12:44\u201352.","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"1048_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7246","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127246","volume":"19","author":"M Orylska-Ratynska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Orylska-Ratynska M, Placek W, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A. Tetracyclines\u2014an important therapeutic tool for dermatologists. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:7246.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1048_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.043","volume":"82","author":"LS Gold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gold LS, Del Rosso JQ, Kircik L, et al. Minocycline 1.5% foam for the topical treatment of moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea: results of 2 phase 3, randomized, clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82:1166\u201373.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070757","volume":"10","author":"AM Martins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martins AM, Marto JM, Johnson JL, Graber EM. A review of systemic minocycline side effects and topical minocycline as a safer alternative for treating acne and rosacea. Antibiotics. 2021;10:757.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"1048_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-017-0339-0","volume":"19","author":"U Mrowietz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mrowietz U, Kedem TH, Keynan R, et al. A phase II, randomized, double-blind clinical study evaluating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a topical minocycline foam, FMX103, for the treatment of facial papulopustular rosacea. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19:427\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR18","first-page":"187","volume":"92","author":"LK Oge\u2019","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oge\u2019 LK, Muncie HL, Phillips-Savoy AR. Rosacea: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92:187\u201396.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1048_CR19","first-page":"5","volume":"27","author":"S Adjei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adjei S, Miller AC, Temiz LA, Tyring SK. Sarecycline: a narrow-spectrum antibiotic. Skin Ther Lett. 2022;27:5\u20137.","journal-title":"Skin Ther Lett"},{"key":"1048_CR20","first-page":"14","volume":"14","author":"JQ Del Rosso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Del Rosso JQ, Webster G, Weiss JS, Bhatia ND, Gold LS, Kircik L. Nonantibiotic properties of tetracyclines in rosacea and their clinical implications. J Clin Aesthetic Dermatol. 2021;14:14\u201321.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthetic Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.5923","volume":"20","author":"JQ Rosso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rosso JQ, Draelos ZD, Effron C, Kircik LH. Oral sarecycline for treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of a pilot study of effectiveness and safety. J Drugs Dermatol. 2021;20:426\u201331.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR22","first-page":"987","volume":"17","author":"A Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore A, Green LJ, Bruce S, et al. Once-daily oral sarecycline 1.5 mg\/kg\/day is effective for moderate to severe acne vulgaris: results from two identically designed, phase 3, randomized, double-blind clinical trials. J Drugs Dermatol JDD. 2018;17:987\u201396.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol JDD"},{"key":"1048_CR23","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Soolantra (ivermectin) cream, 1%, for topical use: prescribing information. 2014. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/206255lbl.pdf. Accessed 16 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14437","volume":"31","author":"M Schaller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schaller M, Gonser L, Belge K, Braunsdorf C, Nordin R, Scheu A, et al. Dual anti-inflammatory and anti-parasitic action of topical ivermectin 1% in papulopustular rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31:1907\u201311.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1048_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-018-0249-y","volume":"8","author":"CCF Ebbelaar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ebbelaar CCF, Venema AW, Van Dijk MR. Topical ivermectin in the treatment of papulopustular rosacea: a systematic review of evidence and clinical guideline recommendations. Dermatol Ther. 2018;8:379\u201387.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1048_CR26","unstructured":"Kircik LH, Del Rosso JQ, Layton AM, Schauber J. DOver 25 years of clinical experience with ivermectin: an overview of safety for an increasing number of indications. J Drugs Dermatol. 2016;15(3):325-32. https:\/\/jddonline.com\/articles\/over-25-years-of-clinical-experience-with-ivermectin-an-overview-of-safety-for-an-increasing-number-S1545961616P0325X\/"},{"key":"1048_CR27","unstructured":"Stein L, Kircik L, Fowler J, et al. Efficacy and safety of ivermectin 1% cream in treatment of papulopustular rosacea: results of two randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled pivotal studies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(3):316-23. https:\/\/jddonline.com\/articles\/efficacy-and-safety-of-ivermectin-1-cream-in-treatment-of-papulopustular-rosacea-results-of-two-rand-S1545961614P0316X\/"},{"key":"1048_CR28","first-page":"1380","volume":"13","author":"L Stein Gold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stein Gold L, Kircik L, Fowler J, et al. Long-term safety of ivermectin 1% cream vs azelaic acid 15% gel in treating inflammatory lesions of rosacea: results of two 40-week controlled, investigator-blinded trials. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13:1380\u20136.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13408","volume":"172","author":"A Taieb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taieb A, Ortonne JP, Ruzicka T, et al. Superiority of ivermectin 1% cream over metronidazole 0\u00b775% cream in treating inflammatory lesions of rosacea: a randomized, investigator-blinded trial. Br J Dermatol. 2015;172:1103\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-2819-8","volume":"5","author":"K Siddiqui","year":"2016","unstructured":"Siddiqui K, Stein Gold L, Gill J. The efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ivermectin compared with current topical treatments for the inflammatory lesions of rosacea: a network meta-analysis. Springerplus. 2016;5:1151.","journal-title":"Springerplus"},{"key":"1048_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2014.04.002","volume":"75","author":"D Piwnica","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piwnica D, Rosignoli C, de M\u00e9nonville ST, et al. Vasoconstriction and anti-inflammatory properties of the selective \u03b1-adrenergic receptor agonist brimonidine. J Dermatol Sci. 2014;75:49\u201354.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"1048_CR32","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Mirvaso (brimonidine) gel, 0.33%, for topical use: prescribing information. 2013. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2013\/204708lbl.pdf. Accessed 16 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR33","first-page":"650","volume":"12","author":"J Fowler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fowler J, Jackson M, Moore A, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0.5% for the treatment of moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of two randomized, double-blind, and vehicle-controlled pivotal studies. J Drugs Dermatol. 2013;12:650\u20136.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00322-5","volume":"9","author":"HE Baldwin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baldwin HE, Harper J, Baradaran S, Patel V. Erythema of rosacea affects health-related quality of life: results of a survey conducted in collaboration with the National Rosacea Society. Dermatol Ther. 2019;9:725\u201334.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1048_CR35","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Rhofade (oxymetazoline) cream, 1%, for topical use: prescribing information. 2017. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/208552s000lbl.pdf. Accessed 16 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028017740139","volume":"52","author":"RM Hoover","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hoover RM, Erramouspe J. Role of topical oxymetazoline for management of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Ann Pharmacother. 2018;52:263\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"1048_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09012FP","volume":"110","author":"I Beck-Speier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck-Speier I, Oswald B, Maier KL, Karg E, Ramseger R. Oxymetazoline inhibits and resolves inflammatory reactions in human neutrophils. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009;110:276\u201384.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1048_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.093278","volume":"316","author":"I Beck-Speier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beck-Speier I, Dayal N, Karg E, et al. Oxymetazoline inhibits proinflammatory reactions: effect on arachidonic acid-derived metabolites. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2006;316:843\u201351.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"1048_CR39","first-page":"97","volume":"17","author":"LH Kircik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kircik LH, DuBois J, Draelos ZD, et al. Pivotal trial of the efficacy and safety of oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for the treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from the first REVEAL trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:97\u2013105.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR40","first-page":"290","volume":"17","author":"L Baumann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baumann L, Goldberg DJ, Stein Gold L, et al. Pivotal trial of the efficacy and safety of oxymetazoline cream 1.0% for the treatment of persistent facial erythema associated with rosacea: findings from the second REVEAL trial. J Drugs Dermatol. 2018;17:290\u20138.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23439","volume":"53","author":"P Sodha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sodha P, Suggs A, Munavalli GS, Friedman PM. A randomized controlled pilot study: combined 595-nm pulsed dye laser treatment and oxymetazoline hydrochloride topical cream superior to oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53:1307\u201315.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"1048_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15467","volume":"22","author":"X Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan X, Yin D. Benefits and safety of Oxymetazoline cream 1% on rosacea-associated erythema: a systematic review and analysis of clinical evidence. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;22:103\u201310.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23253","volume":"53","author":"EA Tanghetti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanghetti EA, Goldberg DJ, Dover JS, et al. Oxymetazoline and energy-based therapy in patients with rosacea: evaluation of the safety and tolerability in an open-label, interventional study. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53:55\u201365.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"1048_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-0372-x","volume":"16","author":"E Schrezenmeier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schrezenmeier E, D\u00f6rner T. Mechanisms of action of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine: implications for rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2020;16:155\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1048_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.2558","volume":"148","author":"C Franc\u00e8s","year":"2012","unstructured":"Franc\u00e8s C, Cosnes A, Duhaut P, et al. Low blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine in patients with refractory cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a French multicenter prospective study. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148:479\u201384.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-021-00597-7","volume":"11","author":"MC Marchitto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marchitto MC, Chien AL. Mast cell stabilizers in the treatment of rosacea: a review of existing and emerging therapies. Dermatol Ther. 2021;11:1541\u20139.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1048_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.106178","volume":"79","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Yuan X, Tang Y, et al. Hydroxychloroquine is a novel therapeutic approach for rosacea. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;79: 106178.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1048_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(1999)069<0282:PSOAD>2.3.CO;2","volume":"69","author":"AG Motten","year":"1999","unstructured":"Motten AG, Mart\u00ednez LJ, Holt N, et al. Photophysical studies on antimalarial drugs. Photochem Photobiol. 1999;69:282\u20137.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"key":"1048_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2018.07.004","volume":"194","author":"E Espinosa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Espinosa E, Valitutti S, Laroche M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine as a novel therapeutic approach in mast cell activation diseases. Clin Immunol Orlando Fla. 2018;194:75\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Orlando Fla"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1048_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203396005001031","volume":"5","author":"R Fox","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fox R. Anti-malarial drugs: possible mechanisms of action in autoimmune disease and prospects for drug development. Lupus. 1996;5(Suppl 1):S4-10.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"1048_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.05.050","volume":"84","author":"B Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang B, Yuan X, Huang X, et al. Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of patients with rosacea: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84:543\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003582","volume":"9","author":"JR Stoehr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stoehr JR, Kearney AM, Massie JP, Ko JH, Dumanian GA. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of vasopressor-associated symmetric peripheral gangrene. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9:e3582.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"1048_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2018.12.004","volume":"93","author":"JE Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi JE, Werbel T, Wang Z, Wu CC, Yaksh TL, Nardo AD. Botulinum toxin blocks mast cells and prevents rosacea like inflammation. J Dermatol Sci. 2019;93:58\u201364.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"1048_CR54","first-page":"2285","volume":"12","author":"R Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang R, Liu C, Liu W, Luo J, Cheng S, Mu X. Botulinum toxin A alleviates persistent erythema and flushing in patients with erythema telangiectasia rosacea. Dermatol Ther. 2022;12:2285\u201394.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1048_CR55","unstructured":"An analysis of the effect of topical cromolyn sodium on rosacea-associated erythema. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT01933464. Accessed 25 July 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR56","unstructured":"A vehicle-controlled, double-blind, randomized phase II study of B244 delivered as a topical spray to determine safety and efficacy in subjects with mild to moderate rosacea. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03590366. Accessed 31 July 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR57","unstructured":"Dermata Therapeutics. Dermata announces topline results from DMT310 phase 2 clinical trial for the treatment of moderate-to-severe rosacea. 2022. https:\/\/ir.dermatarx.com\/news-events\/press-releases\/detail\/41\/dermata-announces-topline-results-from-dmt310-phase-2. Accessed 2 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR58","unstructured":"A study of the tolerability, safety, and efficacy Of DMT310 for the treatment of Acne Rosacea. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05108025. Accessed 2 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR59","unstructured":"Targum, SL. NDA approval letter: Zoryve (rofumilast) cream (NDA 215985). FDA website. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/appletter\/2022\/215985Orig1s000ltr.pdf. Published July 29, 2022. Accessed 16 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR60","unstructured":"Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of topical roflumilast cream in the treatment of facial papulopustular rosacea. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05278624. Accessed 1 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2470-4","volume":"10","author":"L Rufener","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rufener L, Danelli V, Bertrand D, Sager H. The novel isoxazoline ectoparasiticide lotilaner (Credelio\u2122): a non-competitive antagonist specific to invertebrates \u03b3-aminobutyric acid-gated chloride channels (GABACls). Parasit Vectors. 2017;10:530.","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"1048_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000003097","volume":"42","author":"E Yeu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yeu E, Wirta DL, Karpecki P, Baba SN, Holdbrook M. Lotilaner ophthalmic solution, 0.25%, for the treatment of demodex blepharitis: results of a prospective, randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-masked, pivotal trial (Saturn-1). Cornea. 2023;42:435\u201343.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1048_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00458-9","volume":"10","author":"FMN Forton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forton FMN. The pathogenic role of demodex mites in rosacea: a potential therapeutic target already in erythematotelangiectatic rosacea? Dermatol Ther. 2020;10:1229\u201353.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1048_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17817","volume":"181","author":"F Forton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Forton F, De Maertelaer V. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea may be associated with a subclinical stage of demodicosis: a case-control study. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181:818\u201325.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1048_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00331.x","volume":"15","author":"S Georgala","year":"2001","unstructured":"Georgala S, Katoulis AC, Kylafis GD, Koumantaki-Mathioudaki E, Georgala C, Aroni K. Increased density of Demodex folliculorum and evidence of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in subjects with papulopustular rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2001;15:441\u20134.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1048_CR66","unstructured":"An open label phase 1b study of secukinumab in patients with moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03079531. Accessed 25 July 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR67","unstructured":"A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group study evaluating the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of TP-04 in participants with papulopustular rosacea. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05838170. Accessed 1 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR68","unstructured":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active and placebo controlled study to assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of oral DFD-29 extended release capsules for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea over 16 weeks. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05343455. Accessed 2 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR69","unstructured":"A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active and placebo controlled study to assess the safety, efficacy and tolerability of oral DFD-29 extended release capsules for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea over 16 weeks. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05296629. Accessed 2 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR70","unstructured":"Journey Medical Corporation. Journey Medical Corporation announces positive topline results from its two phase 3 clinical trials (MVOR-1 and MVOR-2) evaluating DFD-29 for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea in adults. 2023. https:\/\/ir.journeymedicalcorp.com\/new-events\/press-releases\/detail\/47\/journey-medical-corporation-announces-positive-topline. Accessed 2 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2014.106","volume":"67","author":"F Calanni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calanni F, Renzulli C, Barbanti M, Viscomi GC. Rifaximin: beyond the traditional antibiotic activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 2014;67:667\u201370.","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)"},{"key":"1048_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.02.054","volume":"6","author":"A Parodi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parodi A, Paolino S, Greco A, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in rosacea: clinical effectiveness of its eradication. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:759\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1048_CR73","unstructured":"Safety and efficacy of rifaximin delayed release 400 mg tablets in patients with moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea and positive lactulose breath test. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03864978. Accessed 1 Aug 2023."},{"key":"1048_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15111365","volume":"15","author":"V Eshwar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eshwar V, Kamath A, Shastry R, Shenoy AK, Kamath P. A review of the safety of interleukin-17a inhibitor secukinumab. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15:1365.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"1048_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2021.100361","volume":"18","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Granstein RD. Roles of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the skin, and other physiological and pathophysiological functions. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021;18: 100361.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"1048_CR76","unstructured":"An open label study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of erenumab in the management of persistent redness and flushing in rosacea. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04419259. Accessed 25 July 2023."}],"container-title":["Dermatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T17:20:34Z","timestamp":1701364834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-023-01048-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8210","2190-9172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-9172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"John S. Barbieri has received consulting fees from Dexcel Pharma for work unrelated to the present study. James Choe has nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}