{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:02:00Z","timestamp":1787162520935,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011621","name":"Winship Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Institute Melanoma Innovation Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Institute Melanoma Innovation Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AR075888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AR075888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L30AR076081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L30AR076081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017785","name":"Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fellowship Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017785","name":"Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fellowship Program"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fellowship Program"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017785","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-024-01324-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T01:27:10Z","timestamp":1735867630000},"page":"45-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Hormonal Therapies for Acne: A Comprehensive Update for Dermatologists"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9262-8772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Gosnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turkan Banu","family":"Karatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Deitelzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M. B.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4815-4936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Howa","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12149","volume":"168","author":"K Bhate","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bhate K, Williams HC. Epidemiology of acne vulgaris. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168(3):474\u201385.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1324_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13919","volume":"44","author":"V Singam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singam V, Rastogi S, Patel KR, Lee HH, Silverberg JI. The mental health burden in acne vulgaris and rosacea: an analysis of the US National Inpatient Sample. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019;44(7):766\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2016.5538","volume":"153","author":"C Karimkhani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karimkhani C, Dellavalle RP, Coffeng LE, et al. Global skin disease morbidity and mortality: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(5):406\u201312.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1324_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4800","DOI":"10.18203\/2320-6012.ijrms20163769","volume":"4","author":"P Pandey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pandey P, Suresh MSM, Dubey V, Pandey P. A cross-sectional study on quality of life among acne vulgaris patients. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4(11):4800\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"1324_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Del Rosso JQ, Kircik L. The cutaneous effects of androgens and androgen-mediated sebum production and their pathophysiologic and therapeutic importance in acne vulgaris. J Dermatol Treat [Internet]. 2024;35(1):9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546634.2023.2298878(cited 2024 Oct 23).","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2023.2298878"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2022.01.006","volume":"98","author":"\u00d6 Kutlu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kutlu \u00d6, Karada\u011f AS, Wollina U. Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a narrative review with a focus on epidemiology to treatment. An Bras Dermatol. 2023;98(1):75\u201383.","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.02.018","volume":"3","author":"MK Trivedi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trivedi MK, Shinkai K, Murase JE. A Review of hormone-based therapies to treat adult acne vulgaris in women. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2017;3(1):44\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1080\/13625180008500411","volume":"5","author":"HI Katz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Katz HI, Kempers S, Akin MD, et al. Effect of a desogestrel-containing oral contraceptive on the skin. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2000;5(4):248\u201355.","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2007.11.003","volume":"77","author":"W Koltun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koltun W, Lucky AW, Thiboutot D, et al. Efficacy and safety of 3 mg drospirenone\/20 mcg ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive administered in 24\/4 regimen in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Contraception. 2008;77(4):249\u201356.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2002.122192","volume":"47","author":"J Leyden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leyden J, Shalita A, Hordinsky M, et al. Efficacy of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for the treatment of moderate acne: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(3):399\u2013409.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"1324_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(97)70112-9","volume":"37","author":"AW Lucky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lucky AW, Henderson TA, Olson WH, et al. Effectiveness of norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in treating moderate acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997;37(5 Pt 1):746\u201354.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318187e1c5","volume":"112","author":"JM Maloney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maloney JM, Dietze P, Watson D, et al. Treatment of acne using a 3-milligram drospirenone\/20-microgram ethinyl estradiol oral contraceptive administered in a 24\/4 regimen: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(4):773\u201381.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/cjwh.2001.25638","volume":"1","author":"M Maloney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maloney M, Arbit D, Flack M, et al. Use of a low-dose oral contraceptive containing norethindrone acetate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris. Clin J Women\u2019s Health. 2001;1(3):123\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin J Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"1324_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palombo-Kinne E, Schellschmidt I, Schumacher U, Gr\u00e4ser T. Efficacy of a combined oral contraceptive containing 0.030 mg ethinylestradiol\/2 mg dienogest for the treatment of papulopustular acne in comparison with placebo and 0.035 mg ethinylestradiol\/2 mg cyproterone acetate. Contraception. 2009;79(4):282\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.10.010"},{"key":"1324_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plewig G, Cunliffe WJ, Binder N, H\u00f6schen K. Efficacy of an oral contraceptive containing EE 0.03 mg and CMA 2 mg (Belara) in moderate acne resolution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase III trial. Contraception. 2009;80(1):25\u201333.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2009.02.016"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00059-8","volume":"89","author":"GP Redmond","year":"1997","unstructured":"Redmond GP, Olson WH, Lippman JS, et al. Norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89(4):615.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)01938-0","volume":"76","author":"D Thiboutot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Thiboutot D, Archer DF, Lemay A, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of a low-dose contraceptive containing 20 microg of ethinyl estradiol and 100 microg of levonorgestrel for acne treatment. Fertil Steril. 2001;76(3):461\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1324_CR18","unstructured":"Ortho-Cyclen and Ortho Tri-Cyclen (ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 2023. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/019697s056s057lbl.pdf. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"key":"1324_CR19","unstructured":"Estrostep Fe (ethinyl estradiol\/norethindrone acetate) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Allergan USA Inc; 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/020130s022lbl.pdf. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"key":"1324_CR20","unstructured":"Yaz (drospirenone\/ethinyl estradiol) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2023. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/021676s020lbl.pdf. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"key":"1324_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, Lopez LM, Grimes DA. Combined oral contraceptive pills for treatment of acne. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004425.pub6. Cited 23 Oct 2024.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004425.pub6"},{"key":"1324_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2023.110310","volume":"130","author":"FZ Stanczyk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stanczyk FZ, Winer SA, Foidart J-M, Archer DF. Comparison of estrogenic components used for hormonal contraception. Contraception. 2024;130: 110310.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecm.2013.02.007","volume":"5","author":"JA Guerra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guerra JA, L\u00f3pez-Mu\u00f1oz F, \u00c1lamo C. Progestins in combined contraceptives. J Exp Clin Med. 2013;5(2):51\u20135.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Med"},{"key":"1324_CR24","unstructured":"Opill (norgestrel) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Perrigo Company plc; 2017. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2017\/017031s035s036lbl.pdf. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR25","volume":"33","author":"AEA Moubasher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moubasher AEA, Abdel Basset HA, Khalil AAM, Youssef EMK. Levonorgestrel vs combined oral contraceptive pills in treatment of female acne and hirsutism. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(6): e13700.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"1324_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Curtis KM. U.S. Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep [Internet]. 2024;73. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/volumes\/73\/rr\/rr7303a1.htm. Cited 6 Sept 2024.","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7303a1"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818345f0","volume":"112","author":"D Grossman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grossman D, Fernandez L, Hopkins K, et al. Accuracy of self-screening for contraindications to combined oral contraceptive use. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(3):572\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6424","key":"1324_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.288.6424.1125-a","volume":"288","author":"CP van Dijke","year":"1984","unstructured":"van Dijke CP, Weber JC. Interaction between oral contraceptives and griseofulvin. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984;288(6424):1125\u20136.","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70138-4","volume":"65","author":"P Barditch-Crovo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barditch-Crovo P, Trapnell CB, Ette E, et al. The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;65(4):428\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1324_CR30","unstructured":"CDC. Contraception App [Internet]. 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/contraception\/hcp\/contraceptive-guidance\/app.html. Cited 5 Sept 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318277c93b","volume":"120","author":"Committee on Gynecologic Practice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Committee on Gynecologic Practice. ACOG Committee Opinion Number 540: Risk of venous thromboembolism among users of drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive pills. Obstet Gynecol. 2012;120(5):1239\u201342.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2006.12.018","volume":"75","author":"LAJ Heinemann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heinemann LAJ, Dinger JC. Range of published estimates of venous thromboembolism incidence in young women. Contraception. 2007;75(5):328\u201336.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12455","volume":"141","author":"MV Dragoman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dragoman MV, Tepper NK, Fu R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of venous thrombosis risk among users of combined oral contraception. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2018;141(3):287\u201394.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"1324_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Douxfils J, Raskin L, Didembourg M, et al. Are natural estrogens used in contraception at lower risk of venous thromboembolism than synthetic ones? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1428597"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv023","volume":"21","author":"L Bahamondes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bahamondes L, Valeria Bahamondes M, Shulman LP. Non-contraceptive benefits of hormonal and intrauterine reversible contraceptive methods. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(5):640\u201351.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181cb50b5","volume":"115","author":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No","year":"2010","unstructured":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 110: noncontraceptive uses of hormonal contraceptives. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;115(1):206\u201318.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/13625187.2022.2162336","volume":"28","author":"K Margaritis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Margaritis K, Margioula-Siarkou G, Margioula-Siarkou C, Petousis S, Galli-Tsinopoulou A. Contraceptive methods in adolescence: a narrative review of guidelines. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2023;28(1):51\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13932","volume":"90","author":"A Goshtasebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goshtasebi A, Subotic Brajic T, Scholes D, et al. Adolescent use of combined hormonal contraception and peak bone mineral density accrual: a meta-analysis of international prospective controlled studies. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019;90(4):517\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.03.051","volume":"71","author":"EB Koo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Koo EB, Petersen TD, Kimball AB. Meta-analysis comparing efficacy of antibiotics versus oral contraceptives in acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(3):450\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.2995","volume":"21","author":"C-Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang C-Y, Chang I-J, Bolick N, et al. Comparative efficacy of pharmacological treatments for acne vulgaris: a network meta-analysis of 221 randomized controlled trials. Ann Fam Med. 2023;21(4):358\u201369.","journal-title":"Ann Fam Med"},{"key":"1324_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.33667\/2078-5631-2021-34-24-28","volume":"34","author":"LS Kruglova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kruglova LS, Gryazeva NV. Evaluation of effectiveness of combined use of COC and topical preparation containing azelaic acid for acne. Med Alphabet. 2021;34:24\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Alphabet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.09.024","volume":"58","author":"A Krunic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krunic A, Ciurea A, Scheman A. Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both spironolactone and a combined contraceptive containing drospirenone. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(1):60\u20132.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR43","first-page":"99","volume":"51","author":"P Muhn","year":"1995","unstructured":"Muhn P, Krattenmacher R, Beier S, Elger W, Schillinger E. Drospirenone: a novel progestogen with antimineralocorticoid and antiandrogenic activity. Pharmacol Charact Anim Models Contracept. 1995;51(2):99\u2013110.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Charact Anim Models Contracept"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2018.11.009","volume":"99","author":"M Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen M, Lindley A, Kimport K, Dehlendorf C. An in-depth analysis of the use of shared decision making in contraceptive counseling. Contraception. 2019;99(3):187\u201391.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40834-024-00262-2","volume":"9","author":"M Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang M, Guti\u00e9rrez-Sacrist\u00e1n A, Janiak E, et al. Contraceptive content shared on social media: an analysis of Twitter. Contracept Reprod Med. 2024;9(1):5\u201315.","journal-title":"Contracept Reprod Med"},{"key":"1324_CR46","unstructured":"Bedsider Birth Control Support Network [Internet]. Bedsider. https:\/\/www.bedsider.org\/. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"key":"1324_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lopez LM, Grimes DA, Gallo MF, Stockton LL, Schulz KF. Skin patch and vaginal ring versus combined oral contraceptives for contraception. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2013;4:105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003552.pub4. Cited 24 Oct 2024.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003552.pub4"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200039030-00005","volume":"39","author":"CJ Timmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Timmer CJ, Mulders TM. Pharmacokinetics of etonogestrel and ethinylestradiol released from a combined contraceptive vaginal ring. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2000;39(3):233\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"2 Suppl 2","key":"1324_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(01)03261-7","volume":"77","author":"LS Abrams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Abrams LS, Skee D, Natarajan J, Wong FA. Pharmacokinetic overview of Ortho Evra\/Evra. Fertil Steril. 2002;77(2 Suppl 2):S3-12.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.09.014","volume":"212","author":"AM Kaunitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaunitz AM, Archer DF, Mishell DR, Foegh M. Safety and tolerability of a new low-dose contraceptive patch in obese and nonobese women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(3):318.e1-8.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.01.023","volume":"87","author":"A Munjal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Munjal A, Tripathi R, Wu C, Radke S, Powers JG. Correlations between hormonal intrauterine devices and androgenic skin conditions: a retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(5):1112\u20134.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003880","volume":"135","author":"JS Barbieri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbieri JS, Mitra N, Margolis DJ, et al. Influence of contraception class on incidence and severity of acne vulgaris. Obstet Gynecol. 2020;135(6):1306.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15578","volume":"41","author":"MD Boos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boos MD, Ryan ME, Milliren C, et al. Relationship between long-acting reversible contraception and acne in a cohort of adolescents and young adults. Pediatr Dermatol. 2024;41(4):628\u201334.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"1324_CR54","unstructured":"Winlevi (clascoterone) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Inc; 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/213433Orig1s002lbl.pdf. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.12.017","volume":"90","author":"RV Reynolds","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reynolds RV, Yeung H, Cheng CE, et al. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;90(5):1006.e1-1006.e30.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.0465","volume":"156","author":"A Hebert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hebert A, Thiboutot D, Stein Gold L, et al. Efficacy and safety of topical clascoterone cream, 1%, for treatment in patients with facial acne: two phase 3 randomized clinical trials. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(6):621\u201330.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"1324_CR57","unstructured":"Mazzetti A, Moro L, Gerloni M, Cartwright M. A phase 2b, randomized, double-blind vehicle controlled, dose escalation study evaluating clascoterone 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% topical cream in subjects with facial acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2019;18(6):570\u20135."},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.7000","volume":"22","author":"A Hebert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hebert A, Eichenfield L, Thiboutot D, et al. Efficacy and safety of 1% clascoterone cream in patients aged < 12 years with acne vulgaris. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(2):174\u201381.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.7997","volume":"23","author":"N Bhatia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bhatia N, Eichenfield LF, Mazzetti A, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response in patients with acne vulgaris treated with clascoterone. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):433\u20137.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"1324_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basendwh MA, Alharbi AA, Bukhamsin SA, Abdulwahab RA, Alaboud SA. The efficacy of Topical Clascoterone versus systematic spironolactone for treatment of acne vulgaris: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2024;19(5):e0298155.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298155"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E24","DOI":"10.12788\/cutis.0844","volume":"112","author":"A Shields","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shields A, Barbieri JS. From breakouts to bargains: strategies for patient-centered, cost-effective acne care. Cutis. 2023;112(2):E24\u20139.","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"1324_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trifu V, Tiplica G-S, Naumescu E, et al. Cortexolone 17\u03b1-propionate 1% cream, a new potent antiandrogen for topical treatment of acne vulgaris. A pilot randomized, double-blind comparative study vs. placebo and tretinoin 0\u00b705% cream. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165(1):177\u201383.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10332.x"},{"key":"1324_CR63","unstructured":"Aldactone (spironolactone) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Pfizer Labs; 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/012151s079lbl.pdf. Cited 27 Sept 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12472325","volume":"100","author":"H Akamatsu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Akamatsu H, Zouboulis CC, Orfanos CE. Spironolactone directly inhibits proliferation of cultured human facial sebocytes and acts antagonistically to testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in vitro. J Investig Dermatol. 1993;100(5):660\u20132.","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1984.tb04045.x","volume":"111","author":"A Goodfellow","year":"1984","unstructured":"Goodfellow A, Alaghband-Zadeh J, Carter G, et al. Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion. Br J Dermatol. 1984;111(2):209\u201314.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1986.tb05722.x","volume":"115","author":"MF Muhlemann","year":"1986","unstructured":"Muhlemann MF, Carter GD, Cream JJ, Wise P. Oral spironolactone: an effective treatment for acne vulgaris in women. Br J Dermatol. 1986;115(2):227\u201332.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-006-0081-0","volume":"30","author":"K Sato","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sato K, Matsumoto D, Iizuka F, et al. Anti-androgenic therapy using oral spironolactone for acne vulgaris in Asians. Aesth Plast Surg. 2006;30(6):689\u201394.","journal-title":"Aesth Plast Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1324_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.34","volume":"151","author":"M Plovanich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Plovanich M, Weng QY, Mostaghimi A. Low usefulness of potassium monitoring among healthy young women taking spironolactone for acne. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(9):941\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1324_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1159\/000471799","volume":"233","author":"R Grandhi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grandhi R, Alikhan A. Spironolactone for the treatment of acne: a 4-year retrospective study. Dermatology. 2017;233(2\u20133):141\u20134.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.5468","volume":"157","author":"JS Barbieri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbieri JS, Margolis DJ, Mostaghimi A. Temporal trends and clinician variability in potassium monitoring of healthy young women treated for acne with spironolactone. JAMA Dermatol. 2021;157(3):296\u2013300.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.04.024","volume":"5","author":"RM Thiede","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thiede RM, Rastogi S, Nardone B, et al. Hyperkalemia in women with acne exposed to oral spironolactone: a retrospective study from the RADAR (Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports) program. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2019;5(3):155\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1324_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15559","volume":"47","author":"M Patiyasikunt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patiyasikunt M, Chancheewa B, Asawanonda P, Noppakun N, Kumtornrut C. Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose spironolactone and topical benzoyl peroxide in adult female acne: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Dermatol. 2020;47(12):1411\u20136.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"1324_CR73","volume":"381","author":"M Santer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Santer M, Lawrence M, Renz S, et al. Effectiveness of spironolactone for women with acne vulgaris (SAFA) in England and Wales: pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3, double blind, randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2023;381: e074349.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.12.005","volume":"87","author":"M Horissian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Horissian M, Maczuga S, Barbieri JS, Zaenglein AL. Trends in the prescribing pattern of spironolactone for acne and hidradenitis suppurativa in adolescents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2022;87(3):684\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14391","volume":"38","author":"EE Roberts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roberts EE, Nowsheen S, Davis DMR, et al. Use of spironolactone to treat acne in adolescent females. Pediatr Dermatol. 2021;38(1):72\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1177\/120347540200600604","volume":"6","author":"JC Shaw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shaw JC, White LE. Long-term safety of spironolactone in acne: results of an 8-year followup study. J Cutan Med Surg. 2002;6(6):541\u20135.","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"1324_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dr\u00e9no B, Nguyen J-M, Hainaut E, et al. Efficacy of spironolactone compared with doxycycline in moderate acne in adult females: results of the multicentre, controlled, randomized, double-blind prospective and parallel female acne spironolactone vs doxyCycline Efficacy (FASCE) Study. Acta Derm Venereol. 2024;104:adv26002.","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v104.26002"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2005.01072.x","volume":"19","author":"A Yemisci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yemisci A, Gorgulu A, Piskin S. Effects and side-effects of spironolactone therapy in women with acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19(2):163\u20136.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.023","volume":"80","author":"W Liszewski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liszewski W, Boull C. Lack of evidence for feminization of males exposed to spironolactone in utero: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(4):1147\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1978244465","volume":"24","author":"DH Huffman","year":"1978","unstructured":"Huffman DH, Kampmann JP, Hignite CE, Azarnoff DL. Gynecomastia induced in normal males by spironolactone. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978;24(4):465\u201373.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"1324_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2021.5866","volume":"158","author":"K Bommareddy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bommareddy K, Hamade H, Lopez-Olivo MA, et al. Association of spironolactone use with risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Dermatol. 2022;158(3):275\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-02936-y","volume":"316","author":"D Garate","year":"2024","unstructured":"Garate D, Thang CJ, Golovko G, Wilkerson MG, Barbieri JS. A matched cohort study evaluating whether spironolactone or tetracycline-class antibiotic use among female acne patients is associated with breast cancer development risk. Arch Dermatol Res. 2024;316(5):196.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1324_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16637","volume":"50","author":"ST Rehan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rehan ST, Khan Z, Abbas S, et al. Role of topical spironolactone in the treatment of acne: a systematic review of clinical trials\u2014does this therapy open a path towards favorable outcomes? J Dermatol. 2023;50(2):166\u201374.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb00615.x","volume":"30","author":"A Aguirre","year":"1994","unstructured":"Aguirre A, Manzano D, Zabala R, Eizaguirre X, D\u00edaz-P\u00e9rez JL. Allergic contact dermatitis from spironolactone. Contact Dermatit. 1994;30(5):312.","journal-title":"Contact Dermatit"},{"issue":"8","key":"1324_CR85","volume":"13","author":"A Noaimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noaimi A, Al-Saadi SR. Treatment of acne vulgaris by topical spironolactone solution compared with clindamycin solution. Cureus. 2021;13(8): e17606.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1324_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3109\/09546634.2010.488260","volume":"23","author":"BM Afzali","year":"2012","unstructured":"Afzali BM, Yaghoobi E, Yaghoobi R, Bagherani N, Dabbagh MA. Comparison of the efficacy of 5% topical spironolactone gel and placebo in the treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized controlled trial. J Dermatol Treat. 2012;23(1):21\u20135.","journal-title":"J Dermatol Treat"},{"key":"1324_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.05.042","volume":"146","author":"HR Kelidari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kelidari HR, Saeedi M, Hajheydari Z, et al. Spironolactone loaded nanostructured lipid carrier gel for effective treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, prospective trial. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2016;146:47\u201353.","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"1324_CR88","unstructured":"Avodart (dutasteride) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Waylis Therapeutics LLC; 2020. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/021319s032lbl.pdf. Cited 28 Sept 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"1324_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.4103\/ds.ds_11_19","volume":"37","author":"T Ito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ito T, Kito Y, Masuda Y, Kageyama R, Tokura Y. Dual effects of 5\u03b1-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on androgenetic alopecia and acne vulgaris. Dermatol Sin. 2019;37(4):237\u20138.","journal-title":"Dermatol Sin"},{"issue":"7","key":"1324_CR90","first-page":"56","volume":"9","author":"JM Hirshburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirshburg JM, Kelsey PA, Therrien CA, Gavino AC, Reichenberg JS. Adverse effects and safety of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (Finasteride, Dutasteride): a systematic review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(7):56\u201362.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"1324_CR91","unstructured":"Slynd (drospirenone) [prescribing information] [Internet]. Exeltis USA Inc; 2019. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2019\/211367s000lbl.pdf. Cited 28 Sept 2024."},{"key":"1324_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Regidor P-A, Colli E, Palacios S. Overall and bleeding-related discontinuation rates of a new oral contraceptive containing 4 mg drospirenone only in a 24\/4 regimen and comparison to 0.075 mg desogestrel. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2021;37(12):1121\u20137.","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1963432"},{"key":"1324_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garbo G, Barrera E, Shim JY, Boskey ER, Grimstad FW. Use of continuous oral drospirenone for menstrual suppression in adolescents. J Adolesc Health. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.09.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2024.09.004"},{"issue":"6","key":"1324_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6506a1","volume":"65","author":"GV Sanchez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanchez GV, Fleming-Dutra KE, Roberts RM, Hicks LA. Core elements of outpatient antibiotic stewardship. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65(6):1\u201312.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1324_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0203","volume":"160","author":"RA Festok","year":"2024","unstructured":"Festok RA, Ahuja AS, Chen JY, et al. Barriers and facilitators affecting long-term antibiotic prescriptions for acne treatment. JAMA Dermatol. 2024;160(5):535\u201343.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Dermatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-024-01324-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13555-024-01324-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-024-01324-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T22:31:35Z","timestamp":1738362695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13555-024-01324-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-024-01324-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8210","2190-9172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-9172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Howa Yeung reports receiving grant funding from the American Acne and Rosacea Society, Dermatology Foundation, and the Department of Veterans Affairs unrelated to the submitted work, honorarium from the American Academy of Dermatology, and has served on the advisory boards of Sanofi-Genzyme, and L'Or\u00e9al Dermatological Beauty. Courtney A. Smith, Emily Gosnell, Turkan Banu Karatas, Chelsea Deitelzweig, and Dr. Elizabeth Collins have no conflicts to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}