{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T10:38:57Z","timestamp":1790764737694,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01359-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]],"date-time":"2025-02-19T13:09:00Z","timestamp":1739970540000},"page":"635-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Alopecia Areata Incognita: Current Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5872-2423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giselle","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Tamez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7178-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Maskan-Bermudez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5516-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Tosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1359_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15096","volume":"34","author":"M Starace","year":"2021","unstructured":"Starace M, Vezzoni R, Alessandrini A, Bruni F, Carpanese MA, Misciali C, et al. Therapeutic approach with squaric acid dibutylester for steroid resistant-alopecia areata incognita: a pilot study of a single center. Dermatol Ther. 2021;34(5): e15096.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1359_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03869.x","volume":"25","author":"R Quercetani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quercetani R, Rebora AE, Fedi MC, Carelli G, Mei S, Chelli A, et al. Patients with profuse hair shedding may reveal anagen hair dystrophy: a diagnostic clue of alopecia areata incognita. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2011;25(7):808\u201310.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1359_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000249182","volume":"174","author":"A Rebora","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rebora A. Alopecia areata incognita: a hypothesis. Dermatologica. 1987;174(5):214\u20138.","journal-title":"Dermatologica"},{"issue":"6","key":"1359_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2012.01896.x","volume":"39","author":"M Miteva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miteva M, Misciali C, Fanti PA, Tosti A. Histopathologic features of alopecia areata incognito: a review of 46 cases. J Cutan Pathol. 2012;39(6):596\u2013602.","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1359_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2008.03.031","volume":"59","author":"A Tosti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tosti A, Whiting D, Iorizzo M, Pazzaglia M, Misciali C, Vincenzi C, et al. The role of scalp dermoscopy in the diagnosis of alopecia areata incognita. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(1):64\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1359_CR6","first-page":"316","volume":"63","author":"A Batrani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Batrani A, Kubba MA, Kubba R. Alopecia areata incognito: an elusive disease. Int J Dermatol. 2024;63:316\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1359_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1652-9","volume":"308","author":"NH Moftah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moftah NH, El-Barbary RA, Rashed L, Said M. ULBP3: a marker for alopecia areata incognita. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016;308(6):415\u201321.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1359_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.0904a05","volume":"9","author":"A Alessandrini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alessandrini A, Starace M, Bruni F, Brandi N, Baraldi C, Misciali C, et al. Alopecia areata incognita and diffuse alopecia areata: clinical, trichoscopic, histopathological, and therapeutic features of a 5-year study. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2019;9(4):272\u20137.","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"issue":"3","key":"1359_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000300027","volume":"66","author":"L Molina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Molina L, Donati A, Valente NS, Romiti R. Alopecia areata incognita. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(3):513\u20135.","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1359_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JW9.0000000000000067","volume":"8","author":"MS Collins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Collins MS, Ali S, Kelley K, Senna MM. Alopecia areata incognita: clinical characteristics and use of the Sinclair shedding scale. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2022;8(4): e067.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1359_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-017-0171-8","volume":"7","author":"MA Mart\u00ednez-Velasco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Velasco MA, V\u00e1zquez-Herrera NE, Maddy AJ, Asz-Sigall D, Tosti A. The hair shedding visual scale: a quick tool to assess hair loss in women. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2017;7(1):155\u201365.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1359_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2012.00903.x","volume":"54","author":"J Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park J, Song KH, Nam KH. Circumscribed alopecia areata incognita. Austral J Dermatol. 2013;54(1):52\u20134.","journal-title":"Austral J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1359_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1159\/000445806","volume":"2","author":"D Asz Sigall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asz Sigall D, Gonz\u00e1lez-de-Cossio Hern\u00e1ndez AC, Rodr\u00edguez-Lobato E, Ortega Springall MF, Vega-Memije ME, Arenas GR. Differential diagnosis of female-pattern hair loss. Skin Append Disord. 2016;2(1\u20132):18\u201321.","journal-title":"Skin Append Disord"},{"key":"1359_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reyes Soto MA,\u00a0Pirmez R. Circumscribed alopecia areata incognita and response to tofacitinib.\u00a0Skin Append Disord.\u00a02024.","DOI":"10.1159\/000540778"},{"issue":"4","key":"1359_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1159\/000155644","volume":"217","author":"S Inui","year":"2008","unstructured":"Inui S, Nakajima T, Itami S. Significance of dermoscopy in acute diffuse and total alopecia of the female scalp: review of twenty cases. Dermatology. 2008;217(4):333\u20136.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"1359_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e142","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19493","volume":"38","author":"M Iorizzo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Iorizzo M, Sirtoli Marcondes MT, Sechi A, Therianou A, Piraccini BM, Starace M. Female diffuse non-cicatricial alopecia\u2014the diagnostic value of trichoscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024;38:e142\u20134.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1359_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e224","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14274","volume":"45","author":"M Kinoshita Ise","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kinoshita Ise M, Fukuyama M, Ohyama M. Color-transition sign: a useful trichoscopic finding for differentiating alopecia areata incognita from telogen effluvium. J Dermatol. 2018;45(8):e224\u20135.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1359_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.12.1555","volume":"139","author":"DA Whiting","year":"2003","unstructured":"Whiting DA. Histopathologic features of alopecia areata: a new look. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(12):1555\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1359_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17079","volume":"35","author":"A Alessandrini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alessandrini A, Bruni F, Piraccini BM, Starace M. Common causes of hair loss\u2014clinical manifestations, trichoscopy and therapy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(3):629\u201340.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1359_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S200471","volume":"12","author":"A Rebora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rebora A. Telogen effluvium: a comprehensive review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2019;12:583\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1359_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1739245","volume":"54","author":"NT Issa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Issa NT, Tosti A. Trichoscopy for the hair transplant surgeon-assessing for mimickers of androgenetic alopecia and preoperative evaluation of donor site area. Indian J Plast Surg. 2021;54(4):393\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1359_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011000800028","volume":"66","author":"A Rebora","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rebora A. Alopecia areata incognita: a comment. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2011;66(8):1481\u20132.","journal-title":"Clinics (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1359_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1067\/mjd.2003.423","volume":"49","author":"A Tosti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tosti A, Piraccini BM, Pazzaglia M, Vincenzi C. Clobetasol propionate 005% under occlusion in the treatment of alopecia totalis\/universalis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49(1):96\u20138.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1359_CR24","first-page":"201","volume":"159","author":"M Starace","year":"2024","unstructured":"Starace M, Cedirian S, Quadrelli F, Piraccini BM. Iontophoresis as a potential treatment for alopecia areata incognita. Ital J Dermatol Venerol. 2024;159(2):201\u20132.","journal-title":"Ital J Dermatol Venerol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1359_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15293","volume":"177","author":"S Ong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ong S, Rodriguez-Garcia C, Grabczynska S, Carton J, Osborn M, Walters J, Kubba F, Stefanato CM. Alopecia areata incognita in Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 2017;177(2):531\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1359_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15780","volume":"61","author":"V Pinegin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pinegin V, Teplyuk N, Lepekhova A. A rare case of alopecia areata incognita. Int J Dermatol. 2022;61(1):e20\u20132.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Dermatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01359-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01359-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01359-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T08:03:57Z","timestamp":1741939437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01359-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01359-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8210","2190-9172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-9172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Antonella Tosti is a consultant for DS Laboratories, Almirall, Thirty Madison, Eli Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, P&G, Pfizer, Myovant, Ortho Dermatologics and Sun Pharmaceuticals. Antonella Tosti is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Antonella Tosti was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Giselle Rodriguez Tamaz and Narges Maskan Bermudez have no conflicts to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. Ethical approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}