{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:10:56Z","timestamp":1780391456866,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JJ5360"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ5360"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004735","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025JJ60723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JJ60723"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004735","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01448-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T23:19:10Z","timestamp":1750288750000},"page":"2159-2177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrative Proteomics and Genomics Identify Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Vitiligo via Mendelian Randomization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Chenjue","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9608-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songjiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9988","key":"1448_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7","volume":"386","author":"K Ezzedine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ezzedine K, Eleftheriadou V, Whitton M, van Geel N. Vitiligo. Lancet. 2015;386(9988):74\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1448_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-100919-023531","volume":"38","author":"L Michael","year":"2020","unstructured":"Michael L, Kingsley FE, John HE. Vitiligo: mechanisms of pathogenesis and treatment. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:621\u201348.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00752-6","volume":"24","author":"NC Kaitlynne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaitlynne NC, David R. Vitiligo treatments: review of current therapeutic modalities and JAK inhibitors. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2023;24(2):165\u201386.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14001","volume":"64","author":"L Henry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li YL, Qi RQ, Yang Y, et al. Screening and identification of differentially expressed serum proteins in patients with vitiligo using two\u2011dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry. Mol Med Rep. 2017;17(2):2651\u20139.","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.14001","volume":"64","author":"L Henry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Henry L, Timothy LC, Benjamin SD, D\u00e9d\u00e9e FM. A review of JAK and IL-23 inhibitors to treat vitiligo. Australas J Dermatol. 2023;64(2):204\u201312.","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"1448_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.07.005","volume":"16","author":"R Speeckaert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Speeckaert R, Speeckaert M, De Schepper S, van Geel N. Biomarkers of disease activity in vitiligo: a systematic review. Autoimmun Rev. 2017;16(9):937\u201345.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.04.014","volume":"97","author":"AG Antar Farag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antar Farag AG, Badr EAE, El-Shafey AESS,  Elshaib ME. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo. An Bras Dermatol. 2021;97(1):28\u201336.","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1448_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.03.021","volume":"137","author":"AB Stanca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stanca AB. S100B: correlation with active vitiligo\u00a0depigmentation. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(7):1408\u201310.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"1448_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328","volume":"23","author":"DS George","year":"2014","unstructured":"George DS, Gibran H. Mendelian randomization: genetic anchors for causal inference in epidemiological studies. Hum Mol Genet. 2014;23:R89\u201398.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1346","volume":"10","author":"J Bowden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bowden J, Holmes MV. Meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization: a review. Res Synth Methods. 2019;10(4):486\u201396.","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"24","key":"1448_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5284","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14245284","volume":"14","author":"R Yunqing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yunqing R, Jipeng L, Wei L, et al. Causal associations between vitamin D levels and psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo: a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(24):5284.","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.07.021","volume":"145","author":"K Tae-Jong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tae-Jong K, Sun Yeop L, Sanghyuk Y, et al. PCSK9 inhibitors and the risk of vitiligo: a Mendelian randomization study. J Invest Dermatol. 2025;145(4):812\u2013820.e5.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol."},{"key":"1448_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385339","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2024.1385339","volume":"15","author":"Ming-Jie He","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ming-Jie He, De-Long Ran, Zhan-Yi Zhang, et al. Exploring the roles and potential therapeutic strategies of inflammation and metabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo: a mendelian randomization and bioinformatics-based investigation. Front Genet. 2024;15:1385339.","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"issue":"7982","key":"1448_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06592-6","volume":"622","author":"BB Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun BB, Joshua Ch, Matthew T, et al. Plasma proteomic with genetics and health in the UK Biobank. Nature. 2023;622(7982):329\u201338.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1448_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1144","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa1084","volume":"49","author":"LF Sharon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharon LF, Susanna K, Kelsy CC, et al. Integration of the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb 4.0) with open crowdsource efforts. Nucleic Acids Res. 2021;49(D1):D1144\u201351.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"1448_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154585","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.154585","volume":"7","author":"Sh Jessica","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jessica Sh, Lihua Zh, Griffin L, et al. Multimodal analyses of vitiligo skin identifies tissue characteristics of stable disease. JCI Insight. 2022;7(13):e154585.","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/11926","volume":"22","author":"JA Segre","year":"1999","unstructured":"Segre JA, Bauer C, Fuchs E. Klf4 is a transcription factor required for establishing the barrier function of the skin. Nat Genet. 1999;22(4):356\u201360.","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.11.019","volume":"131","author":"T Kazutoshi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kazutoshi T, Koji T, Mari O, Megumi N, Tomoko I, Kiichiro T, Shinya Y. Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors. Cell. 2007;131(5):861\u201372.","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"Pt19","key":"1448_CR19","first-page":"3502","volume":"122","author":"U Jochen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jochen U, Nimet M, Warakorn K, Konrad H. Sox2 is dispensable for the reprogramming of melanocytes and melanoma cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Sci. 2009;122(Pt19):3502\u201310.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci."},{"key":"1448_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkad034","volume":"11","author":"W Yunwei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yunwei W, Kuo S, Yulin S, et al. Extracellular vesicles from 3D cultured dermal papilla cells improve wound healing via Kr\u00fcppel-like factor 4\/vascular endothelial growth factor A-driven angiogenesis. Burns Trauma. 2023;11:tkad034.","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR21","first-page":"99","volume":"53","author":"P Francisco","year":"2011","unstructured":"Francisco P, Pilar Z, Hugo N, et al. Gene expression analysis identifies new candidate genes associated with the development of black skin spots in Corriedale sheep. J Appl Genet. 2011;53(1):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"J Appl Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2021.151839","volume":"124","author":"Q Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong Q, Yuxiao C, Shuai W, Shihao G, Quanhai P. The role of KLF4 in melanogenesis and homeostasis in sheep melanocytes. Acta Histochem. 2022;124(1):151839.","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"issue":"11","key":"1448_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.031989","volume":"136","author":"JT Aaron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aaron JT, Carol EA. FOXD3 regulates the lineage switch between neural crest-derived glial cells and pigment cells by repressing MITF through a non-canonical mechanism. Development. 2009;136(11):1849\u201358.","journal-title":"Development."},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR24","first-page":"453","volume":"82","author":"SD Gregory","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gregory SD, Guizhi Sun, Richard J B, Kishore R A. Efficient B cell responses to Borrelia hermsii infection depend on BAFF and BAFFR but not TACI. Infect Immun. 2013;82(1):453\u20139.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.3.1322","volume":"165","author":"A Hatzoglou","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hatzoglou A, Roussel J, Bourgeade MF, et al. TNF receptor family member BCMA (B\u00a0cell maturation) associates with TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 1, TRAF2, and TRAF3 and activates NF-kappa B, elk-1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Immunol. 2000;165(3);1322\u201330.","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR26","first-page":"227","volume":"16","author":"H Ana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ana H, Isabel S, Lu\u00eds I, et al. CD38, CD81 and BAFFR combined expression by transitional B cells distinguishes active from inactive systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Med. 2015;16(2):227\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.10.037","volume":"41","author":"H Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu H, He X, Sun J, Shi D, Zhu Y, Zhang X. The expression of B-cell activating factor belonging to tumor necrosis factor superfamily (BAFF) significantly correlated with C4D in kidney allograft rejection. Transplant Proc. 2009;41(1):112\u20136.","journal-title":"Transplant Proc."},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1504","volume":"153","author":"I Vassilia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vassilia-I, Vassiliki P, George N, et al. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) activation exerts specific proinflammatory effects in normal human keratinocytes and is preferentially expressed in inflammatory skin pathologies. Endocrinology. 2012;153(2):739\u201349.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-020-07589-4","volume":"20","author":"H Henriette","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henriette H, Sabine M. Interferon-lambda (IFNL) germline variations and their significance for HCC and PDAC progression: an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. BMC Cancer. 2020;20(1):1131.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer."},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.8.5.7687","volume":"8","author":"Z Yan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yan Z, Zhong-HQ, Min C, et al. Combined endostatin and TRAIL gene transfer suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma growth and angiogenesis in nude mice. Cancer Biol Ther. 2009;8(5):466\u201373.","journal-title":"Cancer Biol Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR31","first-page":"274","volume":"12","author":"L Ju-Yeon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ju-Yeon L, Kyung Hee J, Michael JM, et al. Sensitization of TRAIL-induced cell death by 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 via CHOP-mediated DR5 upregulation in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;12(3):274\u201385.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-08-1030","volume":"8","author":"MS David","year":"2009","unstructured":"David MS, Qiuyang Z, Xuexi W, et al. Two types of human malignant melanoma cell lines revealed by expression patterns of mitochondrial and survival-apoptosis genes: implications for malignant melanoma therapy. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009;8(5):1292\u2013304.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther."},{"issue":"13","key":"1448_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2417","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.86735","volume":"14","author":"L Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lei X, Wancong Z, Yikun J, et al. TNFSF10, an autophagy related gene, was a prognostic and immune infiltration marker in skin cutaneous melanoma. J Cancer. 2023;14(13):2417\u201330.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"issue":"18","key":"1448_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5861","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185861","volume":"12","author":"K Asma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asma K, Yassine K, Yosra A, et al. Serum inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with vitiligo. J Clin Med. 2023;12(18):5861.","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18298","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97296-2","volume":"11","author":"L Fuquan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fuquan L, Wenting H, Wen X, Miaoni Z, Ai-E X. CXCL9 as a key biomarker of vitiligo activity and prediction of the success of cultured melanocyte transplantation. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):18298.","journal-title":"Sci Rep."}],"container-title":["Dermatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01448-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01448-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01448-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T20:34:16Z","timestamp":1757190856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01448-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01448-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8210","2190-9172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-9172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ling Jiang, Chenjue Yan, Yibo Hu, Ting You, Jing Chen and Songjiang Wu have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"No ethics committee approval was required and the dataset was taken from public databases so no permissions were required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}