{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T20:19:56Z","timestamp":1793650796013,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008272","name":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01487-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T20:03:45Z","timestamp":1752869025000},"page":"2361-2377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Current Treatments and Future Directions for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a Narrative Review of Completed and Ongoing Phase 3 Clinical Trials of Biologic Therapies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina L.","family":"Porter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0149-1","volume":"6","author":"R Sabat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabat R, Jemec GBE, Matusiak \u0141, Kimball AB, Prens E, Wolk K. Hidradenitis suppurativa. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):18.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"23","key":"1487_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7240","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237240","volume":"11","author":"L Ocker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ocker L, Abu Rached N, Seifert C, Scheel C, Bechara FG. Current medical and surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa\u2014a comprehensive review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(23):7240.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.08.090","volume":"82","author":"SR Goldburg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldburg SR, Strober BE, Payette MJ. Hidradenitis suppurativa: epidemiology, clinical presentation, and pathogenesis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(5):1045\u201358.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR4","first-page":"189","volume":"13","author":"S Caccavale","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caccavale S, Tancredi V, Boccellino MP, Babino G, Fulgione E, Argenziano G. Hidradenitis suppurativa burdens on mental health: a literature review of associated psychiatric disorders and their pathogenesis. Life (Basel). 2023;13(1):189.","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.06.1301","volume":"82","author":"A Garg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garg A, Neuren E, Cha D, Kirby JS, Ingram JR, Jemec GBE, et al. Evaluating patients\u2019 unmet needs in hidradenitis suppurativa: results from the Global Survey of Impact and Healthcare Needs (VOICE) Project. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(2):366\u201376.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2019.06.026","volume":"5","author":"A Cartron","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cartron A, Driscoll MS. Comorbidities of hidradenitis suppurativa: a review of the literature. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2019;5(5):330\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"1487_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S402453","volume":"16","author":"HM Alotaibi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alotaibi HM. Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of hidradenitis suppurativa across the globe: insights from the literature. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:545\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.02.005","volume":"77","author":"A Garg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garg A, Lavian J, Lin G, Strunk A, Alloo A. Incidence of hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States: a sex- and age-adjusted population analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;77(1):118\u201322.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1487_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s41702-019-0052-0","volume":"4","author":"K Phan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phan K, Charlton O, Smith SD. Global prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa and geographical variation\u2014systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Dermatol. 2020;4:2.","journal-title":"Biomed Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1487_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2019.0478","volume":"155","author":"HB Naik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naik HB, Paul M, Cohen SR, Alavi A, Su\u00e0rez-Fari\u00f1as M, Lowes MA. Distribution of self-reported hidradenitis suppurativa age at onset. JAMA Dermatol. 2019;155(8):971\u20133.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1487_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2017.0201","volume":"153","author":"A Garg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garg A, Kirby JS, Lavian J, Lin G, Strunk A. Sex- and age-adjusted population analysis of prevalence estimates for hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States. JAMA Dermatol. 2017;153(8):760\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1487_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15071","volume":"32","author":"JH Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee JH, Kwon HS, Jung HM, Kim GM, Bae JM. Prevalence and comorbidities associated with hidradenitis suppurativa in Korea: a nationwide population-based study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018;32(10):1784\u201390.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1487_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e433","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15671","volume":"60","author":"RD Gotesman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gotesman RD, Choi C, Alavi A. Hidradenitis suppurativa in East and Southeast Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60(11):e433\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 Part B","key":"1487_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2021.07.003","volume":"7","author":"T Shih","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shih T, Seivright JR, McKenzie SA, Harview CL, Truong AK, Shi VY, et al. Gender differences in hidradenitis suppurativa characteristics: a retrospective cohort analysis. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2021;7(5 Part B):672\u20134.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1487_CR15","first-page":"613","volume":"114","author":"L Serrano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Serrano L, Ulschmid C, Szabo A, Roth G, Sokumbi O. Racial disparities of delay in diagnosis and dermatologic care for hidradenitis suppurativa. J Natl Med Assoc. 2022;114(6):613\u20136.","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"17","key":"1487_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5211","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13175211","volume":"13","author":"M D'Onghia","year":"2024","unstructured":"D'Onghia M, Malvaso D, Galluccio G, Antonelli F, Coscarella G, Rubegni P, et al. Evidence on hidradenitis suppurativa as an autoinflammatory skin disease. J Clin Med. 2024;13(17):5211.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_594_22","volume":"68","author":"SS Verma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verma SS, Sharma K, Chhabra S. Pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa: an immunological perspective. Indian J Dermatol. 2023;68(3):296\u2013300.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1487_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-017-1074-y","volume":"66","author":"A Shah","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shah A, Alhusayen R, Amini-Nik S. The critical role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa. Inflamm Res. 2017;66(11):931\u201345.","journal-title":"Inflamm Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1487_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10254.x","volume":"164","author":"HH van der Zee","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Zee HH, de Ruiter L, van den Broecke DG, Dik WA, Laman JD, Prens EP. Elevated levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-10 in hidradenitis suppurativa skin: a rationale for targeting TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(6):1292\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13449","volume":"201","author":"JM Fletcher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fletcher JM, Moran B, Petrasca A, Smith CM. IL-17 in inflammatory skin diseases psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Clin Exp Immunol. 2020;201(2):121\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1487_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.05.033","volume":"137","author":"B Moran","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moran B, Sweeney CM, Hughes R, Malara A, Kirthi S, Tobin AM, et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa is characterized by dysregulation of the Th17:Treg cell axis, which is corrected by anti-TNF therapy. J Investig Dermatol. 2017;137(11):2389\u201395.","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.10.042","volume":"76","author":"\u0141 Matusiak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matusiak \u0141, Szcz\u0119ch J, Bieniek A, Nowicka-Suszko D, Szepietowski JC. Increased interleukin (IL)-17 serum levels in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: implications for treatment with anti-IL-17 agents. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017;76(4):670\u20135.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1487_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14619","volume":"31","author":"AB Kimball","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kimball AB, Loesche C, Prens EP, Bechara FG, Weisman J, Rozenberg I, et al. IL-17A is a pertinent therapeutic target for moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: combined results from a pre-clinical and phase II proof-of-concept study. Exp Dermatol. 2022;31(10):1522\u201332.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.02.003","volume":"149","author":"KR van Straalen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Straalen KR, Prens EP, Gudjonsson JE. Insights into hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022;149(4):1150\u201361.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1487_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S301794","volume":"16","author":"CL Snyder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Snyder CL, Chen SX, Porter ML. Obstacles to early diagnosis and treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: current perspectives on improving clinical management. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:1833\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1487_CR26","volume":"15","author":"U Rathod","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rathod U, Prasad PN, Patel BM, Patel B, Patel C, Gandhi SK, et al. Hidradenitis suppurativa: a literature review comparing current therapeutic modalities. Cureus. 2023;15(8): e43695.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504370","volume":"375","author":"AB Kimball","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kimball AB, Okun MM, Williams DA, Gottlieb AB, Papp KA, Zouboulis CC, et al. Two phase 3 trials of adalimumab for hidradenitis suppurativa. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(5):422\u201334.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10378","key":"1487_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00022-3","volume":"401","author":"AB Kimball","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kimball AB, Jemec GBE, Alavi A, Reguiai Z, Gottlieb AB, Bechara FG, et al. Secukinumab in moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (SUNSHINE and SUNRISE): week 16 and week 52 results of two identical, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2023;401(10378):747\u201361.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10443","key":"1487_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00101-6","volume":"403","author":"AB Kimball","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kimball AB, Jemec GBE, Sayed CJ, Kirby JS, Prens E, Ingram JR, et al. Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa (BE HEARD I and BE HEARD II): two 48-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2024;403(10443):2504\u201319.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.10.014","volume":"141","author":"JS Kirby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kirby JS. Unraveling the heterogeneity of hidradenitis suppurativa with phenotype schema. J Invest Dermatol. 2021;141(5):1136\u20138.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.09.076","volume":"84","author":"KS Flood","year":"2021","unstructured":"Flood KS, Porter ML, Kimball AB. A visit guide for hidradenitis suppurativa-managing a complex disease in a busy clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(3):e155\u201360.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-021-02233-y","volume":"314","author":"PC Macklis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macklis PC, Tyler K, Kaffenberger J, Kwatra S, Kaffenberger BH. Lifestyle modifications associated with symptom improvement in hidradenitis suppurativa patients. Arch Dermatol Res. 2022;314(3):293\u2013300.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1159\/000531496","volume":"239","author":"C Moltrasio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moltrasio C, Tricarico PM, Moura RR, Brand\u00e3o L, Crovella S, Marzano AV. Clinical and molecular characterization of hidradenitis suppurativa: a practical framework for novel therapeutic targets. Dermatology. 2023;239(5):836\u20139.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.11183.x","volume":"167","author":"AC Lavda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lavda AC, Webb TL, Thompson AR. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of psychological interventions for adults with skin conditions. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(5):970\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.02.067","volume":"81","author":"A Alikhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alikhan A, Sayed C, Alavi A, Alhusayen R, Brassard A, Burkhart C, et al. North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: a publication from the United States and Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundations: Part I: diagnosis, evaluation, and the use of complementary and procedural management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):76\u201390.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.02.068","volume":"81","author":"A Alikhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alikhan A, Sayed C, Alavi A, Alhusayen R, Brassard A, Burkhart C, et al. North American clinical management guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa: a publication from the United States and Canadian Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundations: part II: topical, intralesional, and systemic medical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):91\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.12966","volume":"29","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Desai N, Emtestam L, Hunger RE, Ioannides D, Juh\u00e1sz I, et al. European S1 guideline for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(4):619\u201344.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19710","volume":"184","author":"A Bertolotti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bertolotti A, Sbidian E, Join-Lambert O, Bourgault-Villada I, Moyal-Barracco M, Perrot P, et al. Guidelines for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa: recommendations supported by the Centre of Evidence of the French Society of Dermatology. Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(5):963\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17537","volume":"180","author":"JR Ingram","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ingram JR, Collier F, Brown D, Burton T, Burton J, Chin MF, et al. British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa (acne inversa) 2018. Br J Dermatol. 2019;180(5):1009\u201317.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1487_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20472","volume":"39","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Bechara FG, Benhadou F, Bettoli V, Bukvi\u0107 Mokos Z, Del Marmol V, et al. European S2k guidelines for hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa part 2: treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024;39:899\u2013941.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2310\/7750.2007.00019","volume":"11","author":"JN Kraft","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kraft JN, Searles GE. Hidradenitis suppurativa in 64 female patients: retrospective study comparing oral antibiotics and antiandrogen therapy. J Cutan Med Surg. 2007;11(4):125\u201331.","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1487_CR42","first-page":"44","volume":"9","author":"BN Khandalavala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khandalavala BN, Do MV. Finasteride in hidradenitis suppurativa: a \u201cmale\u201d therapy for a predominantly \u201cfemale\u201d disease. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2016;9(6):44\u201350.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1487_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14036","volume":"57","author":"TL Braunberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Braunberger TL, Nartker NT, Nicholson CL, Nahhas AF, Parks-Miller A, Hanna Z, et al. Ertapenem\u2014a potent treatment for clinical and quality of life improvement in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(9):1088\u201393.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-024-01169-1","volume":"14","author":"E Molinelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molinelli E, Gioacchini H, Marani A, Rizzetto G, Gambini D, De Simoni E, et al. Topical and systemic retinoids in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa: a comprehensive literature review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2024;14(5):1079\u201391.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e153","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.13956","volume":"44","author":"RD Caposiena Caro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Caposiena Caro RD, Bianchi L. Can retinoids flare hidradenitis suppurativa? A further case series. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2019;44(4):e153\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2016.06.001","volume":"75","author":"D Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong D, Walsh S, Alhusayen R. Low-dose systemic corticosteroid treatment for recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;75(5):1059\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15124","volume":"60","author":"J Garelik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garelik J, Babbush K, Ghias M, Cohen SR. Efficacy of high-dose intralesional triamcinolone for hidradenitis suppurativa. Int J Dermatol. 2021;60(2):217\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1487_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092311","volume":"11","author":"R Shukla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shukla R, Karagaiah P, Patil A, Farnbach K, Ortega-Loayza AG, Tzellos T, et al. Surgical treatment in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2311.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1487_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000806","volume":"42","author":"JJ Kohorst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kohorst JJ, Baum CL, Otley CC, Roenigk RK, Schenck LA, Pemberton JH, et al. Surgical management of hidradenitis suppurativa: outcomes of 590 consecutive patients. Dermatol Surg. 2016;42(9):1030\u201340.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.12.018","volume":"63","author":"HH van der Zee","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Zee HH, Prens EP, Boer J. Deroofing: a tissue-saving surgical technique for the treatment of mild to moderate hidradenitis suppurativa lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63(3):475\u201380.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.04.034","volume":"89","author":"P Aarts","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aarts P, van Huijstee JC, van der Zee HH, van Doorn MBA, van Straalen KR, Prens EP. Adalimumab in conjunction with surgery compared with adalimumab monotherapy for hidradenitis suppurativa: a randomized controlled trial in a real-world setting. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(4):677\u201384.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"00389","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3743","volume":"101","author":"E Lelonek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lelonek E, Bieniek A, Matusiak \u0141, Szepietowski JC. Improved psychosocial status after surgery for genital elephantiasis due to hidradenitis suppurativa: a prospective study of a case series. Acta Derm Venereol. 2021;101(2):00389.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03622-9","volume":"317","author":"N Maskan Bermudez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Maskan Bermudez N, Elman SA, Kirsner RS, Lev-Tov H. Management of hidradenitis suppurativa in the inpatient setting: a clinical guide. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317(1):202.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"1487_CR54","unstructured":"Humira. Prescribing Information. AbbVie. https:\/\/www.rxabbvie.com\/pdf\/humira.pdf. Accessed 19 Mar 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.05.040","volume":"80","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Okun MM, Prens EP, Gniadecki R, Foley PA, Lynde C, et al. Long-term adalimumab efficacy in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa: 3-year results of a phase 3 open-label extension study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(1):60-9.e2.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1487_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17598","volume":"35","author":"W Gulliver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gulliver W, Alavi A, Wiseman MC, Gooderham MJ, Rao J, Alam MS, et al. Real-world effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: the 1-year SOLACE study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(12):2431\u20139.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1487_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16835","volume":"50","author":"N Hayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hayashi N, Hayama K, Takahashi K, Kurokawa I, Okazaki M, Kashiwagi T, et al. Real-world safety and effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: a 52-week analysis of a postmarketing surveillance study in Japan. J Dermatol. 2023;50(8):1034\u201344.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1159\/000503606","volume":"236","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Hansen H, Caposiena Caro RD, Damiani G, Delorme I, Pascual JC, et al. Adalimumab dose intensification in recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa\/acne inversa. Dermatology. 2020;236(1):25\u201330.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1487_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.6868","volume":"22","author":"J Williams","year":"2023","unstructured":"Williams J, Guzik C, Wadhera A, Naik H. Increased doses of adalimumab are associated with clinical improvement of hidradenitis suppurativa. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(6):615\u20138.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1487_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15691","volume":"35","author":"T Shih","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shih T, Lee K, Grogan T, De DR, Shi VY, Hsiao JL. Infliximab in hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2022;35(9): e15691.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.06.050","volume":"62","author":"A Grant","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grant A, Gonzalez T, Montgomery MO, Cardenas V, Kerdel FA. Infliximab therapy for patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;62(2):205\u201317.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.09.071","volume":"82","author":"MH Ghias","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghias MH, Johnston AD, Kutner AJ, Micheletti RG, Hosgood HD, Cohen SR. High-dose, high-frequency infliximab: a novel treatment paradigm for hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(5):1094\u2013101.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2012.1795","volume":"22","author":"C Lesage","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lesage C, Adnot-Desanlis L, Perceau G, Bonnet M, Palot JP, Bernard P, et al. Efficacy and tolerance of prolonged infliximab treatment of moderate-to-severe forms of hidradenitis suppurativa. Eur J Dermatol. 2012;22(5):640\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Dermatol"},{"key":"1487_CR64","unstructured":"Cosentyx. Prescribing Information. Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation. https:\/\/www.novartis.com\/us-en\/sites\/novartis_us\/files\/cosentyx.pdf. Accessed 23 Oct 2024."},{"key":"1487_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokolakis G, Martorell A, Kerdel F, Bettoli V, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Sinclair R, et al., editors. Secukinumab and concomitant antibiotic use in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: week 16 efficacy and safety results from the Phase 3 SUNSHINE and SUNRISE trials. AAD Annual Meeting 2023; 2023; New Orleans.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.07.345"},{"issue":"6","key":"1487_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae098","volume":"190","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Passeron T, Pariser D, Wozniak MB, Li X, Uhlmann L, et al. Secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa based on prior biologic exposure: an efficacy and safety analysis from the SUNSHINE and SUNRISE phase III trials. Br J Dermatol. 2024;190(6):836\u201345.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1487_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.20234","author":"A Passera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Passera A, Muscianisi E, Demanse D, Okoye GA, Jemec GBE, Mayo T, et al. New insights on hidradenitis suppurativa phenotypes and treatment response: an exploratory automated analysis of the SUNSHINE and SUNRISE trials. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.20234.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1487_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2021.100266","volume":"13","author":"L Davidson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davidson L, van den Reek J, Bruno M, van Hunsel F, Herings RMC, Matzaraki V, et al. Risk of candidiasis associated with interleukin-17 inhibitors: a real-world observational study of multiple independent sources. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022;13:100266.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"1487_CR69","unstructured":"BIMZELX\u00ae (bimekizumab) EU SmPC. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/bimzelx-epar-product-information_en.pdf. April 2024."},{"key":"1487_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang E, Alavi A, editors. Therapeutic drug monitoring and management of hidradenitis suppurativa patients with suboptimal adalimumab response: a retrospective case series. American Academy of Dermatology Annual Meeting; 2024; San Diego, CA.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.07.1345"},{"key":"1487_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porter M, Bruin G, Saxena M, Wozniak MB, Ravichandran S, Martinez AL, et al., editors. Secukinumab demonstrates low immmunogenicity in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: results from placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 SUNSHINE and SUNRISE trials. American Association of Dermatology Annual Meeting 2024; 2024; San Diego, CA.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2024.07.342"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19481","volume":"38","author":"MA Vi\u0219an","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vi\u0219an MA, C\u0103runtu C, Costache RS, Tiplica G, Costache DO. Hidradenitis suppurativa: Detangling phenotypes and identifying common denominators. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024;38(1):62\u201376.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1487_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae469","volume":"192","author":"AB Kimball","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kimball AB, Bechara FG, Badat A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Gottlieb AB, Jemec GBE, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa: week 104 results from the SUNSHINE and SUNRISE extension trial. Br J Dermatol. 2024;192:629\u201340.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"1487_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Garg A, Sayed CJ, Jemec G, Kokolakis G, Ingram JR, et al., editors. Bimekizumab efficacy and safety through 2 years in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: Results from the phase 3 BE HEARD I&II trials and open-label extension BE HEARD EXT. EADV Congress 2024; 2024; Amsterdam, Netherlands.","DOI":"10.25251\/skin.8.supp.473"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kead448","volume":"63","author":"PC Taylor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Taylor PC, Choy E, Baraliakos X, Szekanecz Z, Xavier RM, Isaacs JD, et al. Differential properties of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024;63(2):298\u2013308.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1487_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14092","volume":"29","author":"JW Frew","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frew JW, Grand D, Navrazhina K, Krueger JG. Beyond antibodies: B cells in hidradenitis suppurativa: bystanders, contributors or therapeutic targets? Exp Dermatol. 2020;29(5):509\u201315.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"19","key":"1487_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e139930","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.139930","volume":"5","author":"JE Gudjonsson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gudjonsson JE, Tsoi LC, Ma F, Billi AC, van Straalen KR, Vossen ARJV, et al. Contribution of plasma cells and B cells to hidradenitis suppurativa pathogenesis. JCI Insight. 2020;5(19):e139930.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR78","first-page":"e169870","volume":"9","author":"MM Lowe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lowe MM, Cohen JN, Moss MI, Clancy S, Adler JP, Yates AE, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures sustain cutaneous B cell activity in hidradenitis suppurativa. JCI Insight. 2024;9(3):e169870.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"1487_CR79","unstructured":"Kimball AB, editor. Efficacy and safety of the oral Bruton\u2019s tyrosine kinase inhibitor, remibrutinib, in patients with moderate to severe hidradenitis suppurativa in a randomized, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled platform study. AAD Annual Meeting; 2024 March 8\u201312; San Diego."},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.076","volume":"89","author":"R Jepsen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jepsen R, Edwards C, Flora A, Kozera E, Frew JW. A proof-of-concept open-label clinical trial of spleen tyrosine kinase antagonism using fostamatinib in moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(4):694\u2013702.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1487_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2022.10.034","volume":"151","author":"R Sabat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sabat R, \u0160imait\u0117 D, Gudjonsson JE, Brembach TC, Witte K, Krause T, et al. Neutrophilic granulocyte-derived B-cell activating factor supports B cells in skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023;151(4):1015\u201326.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1487_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2024.12.008","volume":"56","author":"Z Islam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Islam Z, Choi S, Wang L, Andriano TM, Campton K. Dual immunomodulator therapy with adalimumab and upadacitinib to treat recalcitrant hidradenitis suppurativa. JAAD Case Rep. 2025;56:74\u20136.","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1487_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.10.034","volume":"90","author":"JS Kirby","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kirby JS, Okun MM, Alavi A, Bechara FG, Zouboulis CC, Brown K, et al. Efficacy and safety of the oral Janus kinase 1 inhibitor povorcitinib (INCB054707) in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa in a phase 2, randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;90(3):521\u20139.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1487_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-03890-z","volume":"317","author":"TY Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang TY, Zeng YP. Off-label use of JAK1 inhibitor upadacitinib in dermatology. Arch Dermatol Res. 2025;317(1):363.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1487_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17449","volume":"51","author":"A Morita","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morita A, Okubo Y, Imafuku S, Terui T. Spesolimab, the first-in-class anti-IL-36R antibody: from bench to clinic. J Dermatol. 2024;51(11):1379\u201391.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1487_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14020175","volume":"14","author":"L Calabrese","year":"2024","unstructured":"Calabrese L, Malvaso D, Coscarella G, Antonelli F, D\u2019amore A, Gori N, et al. Therapeutic potential of IL-1 antagonism in hidradenitis suppurativa. Biomolecules. 2024;14(2):175.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Dermatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01487-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01487-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01487-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T14:47:22Z","timestamp":1757256442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01487-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01487-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8210","2190-9172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-9172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Amit Garg is an advisor for AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer Ingelheim, Engitix, Immunitas\u00a0Therapeutics, Incyte, Insmed, Novartis, Pfizer, Sonoma Biotherapeutics, Sun Pharma, UCB, Union Therapeutics, Zura\u00a0Bio, and receives honoraria. He receives research grants from AbbVie, UCB, National Psoriasis Foundation, and CHORD COUSIN Collaboration (C3). He is co-copyright holder of HS-IGA and HiSQOL instruments. Jennifer Hsiao is an Editorial Board member of Dermatology and Therapy. Jennifer Hsiao was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any subsequent editorial decisions. She is on the board of directors for the HS Foundation and has served as an advisor, investigator, and\/or speaker for AbbVie, Aclaris, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galderma, Incyte, Navigator Medicines, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, UCB. Martina Porter is a consultant and\/or investigator for AbbVie, Alumis, AnaptysBio, Aristea, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Incyte, Janssen, MoonLake, Novartis, Pfizer, Prometheus Laboratories, Regeneron, Trifecta Clinical (in conjunction with Acelyrin), Sonoma Bio, UCB, and ZuraBio. Vivian Shi is on the board of directors for the HS Foundation; serves as an advisor for the National Eczema Association; is a stock shareholder of Learn Health; and has served as an advisory board member, investigator, speaker, and\/or received research funding from Sanofi Genzyme, Regeneron, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Novartis, SUN Pharma, LEO Pharma, Pfizer, Incyte, Boehringer Ingelheim, Aristea Therapeutics, Menlo Therapeutics, Dermira, Burt\u2019s Bees, Galderma, Kiniksa, UCB, Target-PharmaSolutions, Altus Lab\/cQuell, MYOR, Polyfins Technology, GpSkin, and Skin Actives Scientific.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article summarizes previously published clinical trial data and did not require approval or a waiver from an institutional review board. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}