{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T20:37:51Z","timestamp":1770237471533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765324800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-025-01613-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T18:51:35Z","timestamp":1765392695000},"page":"617-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy and Safety of 675-nm Laser Monotherapy for Melasma in Fitzpatrick Skin Types\u00a0III\u2013V: A Prospective Pre\u2013Post Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Panwadee","family":"Thongjaroensirikul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ploypailin","family":"Tantrapornpong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Woramate","family":"Bhorntarakcharoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sariya","family":"Sittiwanaruk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felix Paolo J.","family":"Lizarondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8393-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woraphong","family":"Manuskiatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1613_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.31128\/ajgp-05-21-6002","volume":"50","author":"BJ Doolan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doolan BJ, Gupta M. Melasma. Aust J Gen Pract. 2021;50(12):880\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31128\/ajgp-05-21-6002.","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Pract"},{"key":"1613_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.2147\/ccid.S396272","volume":"16","author":"W Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu W, Chen Q, Xia Y. New mechanistic insights of melasma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2023;16:429\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ccid.S396272.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1613_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-024-00863-2","volume":"25","author":"C Gan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gan C, Rodrigues M. An update on new and existing treatments for the management of melasma. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2024;25(5):717\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-024-00863-2.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1613_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17718","volume":"64","author":"L Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali L, Al Niaimi F. Pathogenesis of melasma explained. Int J Dermatol. 2025;64(7):1201\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.17718.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1613_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14382","volume":"20","author":"O Artzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Artzi O, Horovitz T, Bar-Ilan E, et al. The pathogenesis of melasma and implications for treatment. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021;20(11):3432\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.14382.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1613_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.12684","volume":"31","author":"T Passeron","year":"2018","unstructured":"Passeron T, Picardo M. Melasma, a photoaging disorder. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2018;31(4):461\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcmr.12684.","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1613_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12783","volume":"38","author":"D Morgado-Carrasco","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morgado-Carrasco D, Piquero-Casals J, Granger C, Trullas C, Passeron T. Melasma: the need for tailored photoprotection to improve clinical outcomes. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2022;38(6):515\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12783.","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"1613_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713554","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.713554","volume":"8","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wu S, Wu H, Liang X, Guo D, Zhuo F. Comparison of the efficacy of melasma treatments: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:713554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.713554.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1613_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1157_2022","volume":"90","author":"R Sarkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarkar R, Narayan RV, Vinay K, et al. Prescribing practices of tranexamic acid for melasma: Delphi consensus from the Pigmentary Disorders Society. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2023;90(1):41\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/IJDVL_1157_2022.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1613_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2099","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-022-03514-2","volume":"37","author":"D Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai D, Zhou S, Cheng S, Liu H, Cui Y. Laser therapy in the treatment of melasma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2022;37(4):2099\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-022-03514-2.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1613_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2021.0076","volume":"39","author":"P Bonan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonan P, Verdelli A, Pieri L, Fusco I. Could 675-nm laser treatment be effective for facial melasma even in darker phototype? Photobiomodulat Photomed Laser Surg. 2021;39(10):634\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/photob.2021.0076.","journal-title":"Photobiomodulat Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1613_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1319","volume":"92","author":"JM Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim JM, Kim NH, Tian YS, Lee AY. Light-emitting diodes at 830 and 850 nm inhibit melanin synthesis in vitro. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(6):675\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-1319.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1613_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12276","volume":"33","author":"CT Oh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oh CT, Kwon TR, Choi EJ, et al. Inhibitory effect of 660-nm LED on melanin synthesis in in vitro and in vivo. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2017;33(1):49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phpp.12276.","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"1613_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2023.01.007","volume":"22","author":"G Magni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magni G, Pieri L, Fusco I, Madeddu F, Zingoni T, Rossi F. Laser emission at 675 nm: in vitro study evidence of a promising role in skin rejuvenation. Regen Ther. 2023;22:176\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reth.2023.01.007.","journal-title":"Regen Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1613_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2020.4927","volume":"39","author":"G Cannarozzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cannarozzo G, Bennardo L, Zingoni T, Pieri L, Duca ED, Nistico SP. Histological skin changes after treatment with 675 nm laser. Photobiomodulat Photomed Laser Surg. 2021;39(9):617\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/photob.2020.4927.","journal-title":"Photobiomodulat Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1613_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13434","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13434","volume":"29","author":"L Coricciati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coricciati L, Gabellone M, Donne PD, Pennati BM, Zingoni T. The 675-nm wavelength for treating facial melasma. Skin Res Technol. 2023;29(8):e13434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13434.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1613_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2020.4850","volume":"38","author":"SP Nistic\u00f2","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nistic\u00f2 SP, Tolone M, Zingoni T, et al. A new 675\u2009nm laser device in the treatment of melasma: results of a prospective observational study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2020;38(9):560\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/photob.2020.4850.","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1613_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2025.0044","volume":"43","author":"L Coricciati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Coricciati L, Fusco I, Comito A, Biba J, Zingoni T. Effectiveness of 675 nm laser in melasma treatment: 1-year follow-up. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2025;43(8):379\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/photob.2025.0044.","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1613_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000974","volume":"43","author":"DA Abou-Taleb","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abou-Taleb DA, Ibrahim AK, Youssef EM, Moubasher AE. Reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change overtime of the modified melasma area and severity index score. Dermatol Surg. 2017;43(2):210\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DSS.0000000000000974.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1613_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13748","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.13748","volume":"30","author":"RD Pamela","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pamela RD, Vitale MD, Fusco I, Zingoni T, Yi KH. Experience using 675 nm laser on three cases of Fitzpatrick skin type\u00a0IV-V with melasma. Skin Res Technol. 2024;30(5):e13748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/srt.13748.","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1613_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.10.073","volume":"91","author":"J Maghfour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Maghfour J, Ozog DM, Mineroff J, Jagdeo J, Kohli I, Lim HW. Photobiomodulation CME part I: overview and mechanism of action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024;91(5):793\u2013802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.10.073.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1613_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1089\/photob.2020.4908","volume":"39","author":"G Cannarozzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cannarozzo G, Fazia G, Bennardo L, et al. A new 675\u2009nm laser device in the treatment of facial aging: a prospective observational study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2021;39(2):118\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/photob.2020.4908.","journal-title":"Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1613_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-020-03063-6","volume":"36","author":"G Cannarozzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cannarozzo G, Silvestri M, Tamburi F, et al. A new 675-nm laser device in the treatment of acne scars: an observational study. Lasers Med Sci. 2021;36(1):227\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-020-03063-6.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1613_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23474","volume":"54","author":"I Micek","year":"2022","unstructured":"Micek I, Pawlaczyk M, Kroma A, Seraszek-Jaros A, Urbanska M, Gornowicz-Porowska J. Treatment of melasma with a low-fluence 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser: laser toning in Caucasian women. Lasers Surg Med. 2022;54(3):366\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.23474.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1613_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-025-04679-2","volume":"40","author":"HM Bassiony","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bassiony HM, Obaid ZM, Ibrahim SM, Aboelwafa HO, Elsaie ML. Fractional non ablative 675 nm diode laser versus low fluence high frequency Q-switched 1064 nm nd: YAG laser in the treatment of melasma: a comparative split face trial. Lasers Med Sci. 2025;40(1):434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10103-025-04679-2.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1613_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/dsu.12414","volume":"40","author":"JY Chung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chung JY, Choi M, Lee JH, Cho S, Lee JH. Pulse in pulse intense pulsed light for melasma treatment: a pilot study. Dermatol Surg. 2014;40(2):162\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dsu.12414.","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"1613_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16432","volume":"23","author":"N Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou N, Tao J, Yi Z, Wu L, Liu Z, Yang B. Safety and efficacy of a picosecond 755-nm alexandrite laser combined with topical tranexamic acid in the treatment of melasma. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2024;23(11):3579\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.16432.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1613_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20956","volume":"42","author":"NP Chan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chan NP, Ho SG, Shek SY, Yeung CK, Chan HH. A case series of facial depigmentation associated with low fluence Q-switched 1,064 nm Nd:YAG laser for skin rejuvenation and melasma. Lasers Surg Med. 2010;42(8):712\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lsm.20956.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"1613_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58070936","author":"YS Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee YS, Lee YJ, Lee JM, Han TY, Lee JH, Choi JE. The low-fluence Q-switched Nd:YAG laser treatment for melasma: a systematic review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58070936.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"}],"container-title":["Dermatology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01613-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01613-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01613-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T07:40:24Z","timestamp":1770190824000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01613-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13555-025-01613-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8210","2190-9172"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8210","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-9172","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors (Panwadee Thongjaroensirikul, Ploypailin Tantrapornpong, Woramate Bhorntarakcharoen, Sariya Sittiwanaruk, Felix Paolo J. Lizarondo, and Woraphong Manuskiatti) declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Siriraj Hospital Institutional Review Board, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand (Si 025\/2024) and was registered at Thaiclinicaltrials.org online registry (TCTR20250317012). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before entering the study. Written consent to publish participants\u2019 photographs was obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}