{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T01:52:02Z","timestamp":1789523522782,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Human Cell"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T06:52:24Z","timestamp":1675752744000},"page":"877-893","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Emergence of monkeypox: a worldwide public health crisis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4941-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. P. Shabaaz","family":"Begum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8123-994X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leirika","family":"Ngangom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Semwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8941-2006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakshi","family":"Painuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3682-3573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohit","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-2755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashim","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"870_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25306-8_2","volume-title":"Orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans","author":"SS Marennikova","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marennikova SS, Moyer RW. Classification of poxviruses and brief characterization of the genus orthopoxvirus. In: Orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2005. p. 11\u20138."},{"key":"870_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.26531","author":"J Kaler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaler J, Hussain A, Flores G, Kheiri S, Desrosiers D. Monkeypox: a comprehensive review of transmission, pathogenesis, and manifestation. Cureus. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.26531.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"870_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10081633","volume":"10","author":"F Di Gennaro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Gennaro F, Veronese N, Marotta C, Shin JI, Koyanagi A, Silenzi A, Antunes M, Saracino A, Bavaro DF, Soysal P, et al. Human monkeypox: a comprehensive narrative review and analysis of the public health implications. Microorganisms. 2022;10:1633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10081633.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"870_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27931","author":"NL Bragazzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bragazzi NL, Kong JD, Mahroum N, Tsigalou C, Khamisy-Farah R, Converti M, Wu J. Epidemiological trends and clinical features of the ongoing monkeypox epidemic: a preliminary pooled data analysis and literature review. J Med Virol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27931.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"870_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4547","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.16174","volume":"24","author":"J Chadha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chadha J, Khullar L, Gulati P, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Insights into the monkeypox virus: making of another pandemic within the pandemic? Environ Microbiol. 2022;24:4547\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.16174.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"870_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e28295","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0028295","volume":"6","author":"CL Hutson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hutson CL, Carroll DS, Gallardo-Romero N, Weiss S, Clemmons C, Hughes CM, Salzer JS, Olson VA, Abel J, Karem KL, et al. Monkeypox disease transmission in an experimental setting: prairie dog animal model. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e28295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0028295.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"870_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.643","volume":"17","author":"PEM Fine","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fine PEM, Jezek Z, Grab B, Dixon H. The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations. Int J Epidemiol. 1988;17:643\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/17.3.643.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"870_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091419","volume":"10","author":"A Abdelaal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelaal A, Reda A, Lashin BI, Katamesh BE, Brakat AM, AL-Manaseer BM, Kaur S, Asija A, Patel NK, Basnyat S, et al. Preventing the next pandemic: is live vaccine efficacious against monkeypox, or is there a need for killed virus and MRNA vaccines? Vaccines. 2022;10:1419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines10091419.","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"870_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x","volume":"46","author":"P von Magnus","year":"2009","unstructured":"von Magnus P, Andersen EK, Petersen KB, Birch-Andersen A. A pox-like disease in cynomolgus monkeys. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 2009;46:156\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1959.tb00328.x.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"870_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2004.09.001","volume":"15","author":"BL Ligon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ligon BL. Monkeypox: a review of the history and emergence in the western hemisphere. Semin Pediatric Infect Dis. 2004;15:280\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.spid.2004.09.001.","journal-title":"Semin Pediatric Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.05.027","volume":"85","author":"UA Awan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Awan UA, Riasat S, Naeem W, Kamran S, Khattak AA, Khan S. Monkeypox: a new threat at our doorstep! J Infect. 2022;85:e47\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.05.027.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"870_CR12","first-page":"569","volume":"46","author":"SO Foster","year":"1972","unstructured":"Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM, Lourie B, Moser CR, Cummings EC, Kuteyi OE, Eke RE, Titus JB, et al. Human monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46:569\u201376.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"870_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0010141","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","volume":"16","author":"EM Bunge","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox\u2014a potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16:e0010141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"870_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.55489\/njcm.130720222314","volume":"13","author":"P Patel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patel P. Monkeypox is declared as a global health emergency. are we prepared? Natl J Community Med. 2022;13:417\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55489\/njcm.130720222314.","journal-title":"Natl J Community Med"},{"key":"870_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.3390\/v12111257","volume":"12","author":"E Alakunle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alakunle E, Moens U, Nchinda G, Okeke MI. Monkeypox virus in nigeria: infection biology, epidemiology, and evolution. Viruses. 2020;12:1257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v12111257.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"870_CR16","first-page":"94","volume":"7","author":"M Pal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pal M, Mengstie F, Kandi V. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and control of monkeypox disease: a comprehensive review. Am J Infect Dis Microbiol. 2017;7:94.","journal-title":"Am J Infect Dis Microbiol"},{"key":"870_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.05.061","volume":"55","author":"TA Sale","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sale TA, Melski JW, Stratman EJ. Monkeypox: an epidemiologic and clinical comparison of African and US disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:478\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.05.061.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"870_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/br.37.1.1-18.1973","volume":"37","author":"CT Cho","year":"1973","unstructured":"Cho CT, Wenner HA. Monkeypox virus. Bacteriol Rev. 1973;37:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/br.37.1.1-18.1973.","journal-title":"Bacteriol Rev"},{"key":"870_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00241","volume":"6","author":"N Sklenovsk\u00e1","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sklenovsk\u00e1 N, Van Ranst M. Emergence of monkeypox as the most important orthopoxvirus infection in humans. Front Public Health. 2018;6:241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00241.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"870_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-13-1-9","volume":"13","author":"G Appleyard","year":"1971","unstructured":"Appleyard G, Hapel AJ, Boulter EA. An antigenic difference between intracellular and extracellular rabbitpox virus. J Gen Virol. 1971;13:9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/0022-1317-13-1-9.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"870_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004904","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004904","volume":"11","author":"DJ Pickup","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pickup DJ. Extracellular virions: the advance guard of poxvirus infections. PLoS Pathog. 2015;11:e1004904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004904.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"870_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.08.025","volume":"358","author":"W Resch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Resch W, Hixson KK, Moore RJ, Lipton MS, Moss B. Protein composition of the vaccinia virus mature virion. Virology. 2007;358:233\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2006.08.025.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"870_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2002.130118","author":"JR Kugelman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kugelman JR, Johnston SC, Mulembakani PM, Kisalu N, Lee MS, Koroleva G, McCarthy SE, Gestole MC, Wolfe ND, Fair JN, et al. Genomic variability of monkeypox virus among humans, democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2002.130118.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1446","volume":"297","author":"SN Shchelkunov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shchelkunov SN, Totmenin AV, Safronov PF, Mikheev MV, Gutorov VV, Ryazankina OI, Petrov NA, Babkin IV, Uvarova EA, Sandakhchiev LS, et al. Analysis of the monkeypox virus genome. Virology. 2002;297:172\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/viro.2002.1446.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"870_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03144-1","volume":"509","author":"SN Shchelkunov","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shchelkunov SN, Totmenin AV, Babkin IV, Safronov PF, Ryazankina OI, Petrov NA, Gutorov VV, Uvarova EA, Mikheev MV, Sisler JR, et al. Human monkeypox and smallpox viruses: genomic comparison. FEBS Lett. 2001;509:66\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-5793(01)03144-1.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"870_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.12.130","volume":"8","author":"S Parker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parker S, Buller RM. A review of experimental and natural infections of animals with monkeypox virus between 1958 and 2012. Future Virol. 2013;8:129\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fvl.12.130.","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"key":"870_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2022.2088881","volume":"42","author":"DK Bonilla-Aldana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Is monkeypox another reemerging viral zoonosis with many animal hosts yet to be defined? Vet Q. 2022;42:148\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01652176.2022.2088881.","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"key":"870_CR28","first-page":"165","volume":"58","author":"JG Breman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Breman JG, Kalisa-Ruti N, Steniowski MV, Zanotto E, Gromyko AI, Arita I. Human monkeypox, 1970\u201379. Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58:165\u201382.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"870_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.008","volume":"78","author":"E Petersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petersen E, Abubakar I, Ihekweazu C, Heymann D, Ntoumi F, Blumberg L, Asogun D, Mukonka V, Lule SA, Bates M, et al. Monkeypox\u2014enhancing public health preparedness for an emerging lethal human zoonotic epidemic threat in the wake of the smallpox post-eradication era. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;78:78\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.008.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-022-00518-2","volume":"21","author":"RA Farahat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farahat RA, Abdelaal A, Shah J, Ghozy S, Sah R, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, McHugh TD, Leblebicioglu H. Monkeypox outbreaks during COVID-19 pandemic: are we looking at an independent phenomenon or an overlapping pandemic? Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2022;21:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12941-022-00518-2.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"870_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106705","volume":"103","author":"RK Mohapatra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohapatra RK, Tuli HS, Sarangi AK, Chakraborty S, Chandran D, Chakraborty C, Dhama K. Unexpected sudden rise of human monkeypox cases in multiple non-endemic countries amid COVID-19 pandemic and salient counteracting strategies: another potential global threat? Int J Surg. 2022;103:106705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106705.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"870_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032299","volume":"350","author":"KD Reed","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reed KD, Melski JW, Graham MB, Regnery RL, Sotir MJ, Wegner MV, Kazmierczak JJ, Stratman EJ, Li Y, Fairley JA, et al. The detection of monkeypox in humans in the western hemisphere. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:342\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa032299.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"870_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855","volume":"131","author":"N Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar N, Acharya A, Gendelman HE, Byrareddy SN. The 2022 outbreak and the pathobiology of the monkeypox virus. J Autoimmun. 2022;131:102855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaut.2022.102855.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"870_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.191387","volume":"26","author":"SEF Yong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yong SEF, Ng OT, Ho ZJM, Mak TM, Marimuthu K, Vasoo S, Yeo TW, Ng YK, Cui L, Ferdous Z, et al. Imported monkeypox, Singapore. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:1826\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2608.191387.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"32","key":"870_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100745","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.32.2100745","volume":"26","author":"G Hobson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hobson G, Adamson J, Adler H, Firth R, Gould S, Houlihan C, Johnson C, Porter D, Rampling T, Ratcliffe L, Russell K, Shankar AG, Wingfield T. Family cluster of three cases of monkeypox imported from Nigeria to the United Kingdom, May 2021. Euro Surveill. 2021;26(32):2100745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.32.2100745.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"870_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.220292","volume":"28","author":"V Costello","year":"2022","unstructured":"Costello V, Sowash M, Gaur A, Cardis M, Pasieka H, Wortmann G, Ramdeen S. Imported monkeypox from international traveler, Maryland, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28:1002\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2805.220292.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7114a1","volume":"71","author":"AK Rao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rao AK, Schulte J, Chen T-H, Hughes CM, Davidson W, Neff JM, Markarian M, Delea KC, Wada S, Liddell A, et al. Monkeypox in a traveler returning from Nigeria\u2014Dallas, Texas, July 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:509\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm7114a1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"870_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00354-1","volume":"22","author":"A Zumla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zumla A, Valdoleiros SR, Haider N, Asogun D, Ntoumi F, Petersen E, Kock R. Monkeypox outbreaks outside endemic regions: scientific and social priorities. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:929\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00354-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100063","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100063","volume":"4","author":"R Sah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sah R, Mohanty A, Siddiq A, Singh P, Abdelaal A, Alshahrani NZ, Dhama K. Monkeypox reported in India\u2014South East Asia region: health and economic challenges. Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2022;4:100063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lansea.2022.100063.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"key":"870_CR40","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.Cdc.Gov\/Poxvirus\/Monkeypox\/Response\/2022\/World-Map.Html. Accessed 15 Nov 2022"},{"key":"870_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.01.006","volume":"69","author":"SA Sadeuh-Mba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sadeuh-Mba SA, Yonga MG, Els M, Batejat C, Eyangoh S, Caro V, Etoundi A, Carniel E, Njouom R. Monkeypox virus phylogenetic similarities between a human case detected in cameroon in 2018 and the 2017\u20132018 outbreak in Nigeria. Infect Genet Evol. 2019;69:8\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.01.006.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"870_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102362","volume":"49","author":"DA Le\u00f3n-Figueroa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Le\u00f3n-Figueroa DA, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Pachar M, Roman\u00ed L, Salda\u00f1a-Cumpa HM, Anchay-Zuloeta C, Diaz-Torres M, Franco-Paredes C, Su\u00e1rez JA, Ramirez JD, et al. The never-ending global emergence of viral zoonoses after COVID-19? the rising concern of monkeypox in Europe, North America and Beyond. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;49:102362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102362.","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.121220","volume":"19","author":"Y Nakazawa","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakazawa Y, Emerson GL, Carroll DS, Zhao H, Li Y, Reynolds MG, Karem KL, Olson VA, Lash RR, Davidson WB, et al. Phylogenetic and ecologic perspectives of a monkeypox outbreak, Southern Sudan, 2005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:237\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1902.121220.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92315-8","volume":"11","author":"N Berthet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berthet N, Descorps-Decl\u00e8re S, Besombes C, Curaudeau M, Nkili Meyong AA, Selekon B, Labouba I, Gonofio EC, Ouilibona RS, Simo Tchetgna HD, et al. Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the Central African Republic between 2001 and 2018. Sci Rep. 2021;11:13085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-92315-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"870_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402","volume":"49","author":"N Luna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luna N, Ram\u00edrez AL, Mu\u00f1oz M, Ballesteros N, Pati\u00f1o LH, Casta\u00f1eda SA, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Paniz-Mondolfi A, Ram\u00edrez JD. Phylogenomic analysis of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) 2022 outbreak: emergence of a novel viral lineage? Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;49:102402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102402.","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.3390\/v4050688","volume":"4","author":"B Moss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moss B. Poxvirus cell entry: how many proteins does it take? Viruses. 2012;4:688\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v4050688.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"870_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a010199","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010199","volume":"5","author":"B Moss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moss B. Poxvirus DNA replication. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013;5:a010199\u2013a010199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a010199.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"870_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0228028","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228028","volume":"15","author":"Q Kieser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kieser Q, Noyce RS, Shenouda M, Lin Y-CJ, Evans DH. Cytoplasmic factories, virus assembly, and DNA replication kinetics collectively constrain the formation of poxvirus recombinants. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0228028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0228028.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"870_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.08.005","volume":"2","author":"GC Katsafanas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Katsafanas GC, Moss B. Colocalization of transcription and translation within cytoplasmic poxvirus factories coordinates viral expression and subjugates host functions. Cell Host Microbe. 2007;2:221\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chom.2007.08.005.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"870_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780373","volume":"81","author":"GM Zaucha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zaucha GM, Jahrling PB, Geisbert TW, Swearengen JR, Hensley L. The pathology of experimental aerosolized monkeypox virus infection in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Lab Invest. 2001;81:1581\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/labinvest.3780373.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"870_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2206.150579","volume":"22","author":"LD Nolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nolen LD, Osadebe L, Katomba J, Likofata J, Mukadi D, Monroe B, Doty J, Hughes CM, Kabamba J, Malekani J, et al. Extended human-to-human transmission during a monkeypox outbreak in the democratic Republic of the Congo. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:1014\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2206.150579.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.180017","volume":"24","author":"A Yinka-Ogunleye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yinka-Ogunleye A, Aruna O, Ogoina D, Aworabhi N, Eteng W, Badaru S, Mohammed A, Agenyi J, Etebu EN, Numbere T-W, et al. Reemergence of human monkeypox in Nigeria, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24:1149\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2406.180017.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2020.1735361","volume":"18","author":"C Ihekweazu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ihekweazu C, Yinka-Ogunleye A, Lule S, Ibrahim A. Importance of epidemiological research of monkeypox: is incidence increasing? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020;18:389\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14787210.2020.1735361.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"870_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(03)00147-1","volume":"142","author":"KM Kiang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kiang KM, Krathwohl MD. Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention. J Lab Clin Med. 2003;142:229\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-2143(03)00147-1.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"870_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100940","volume":"11","author":"SD Judson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Judson SD, Munster VJ. Nosocomial transmission of emerging viruses via aerosol-generating medical procedures. Viruses. 2019;11:940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v11100940.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"870_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.191164","volume":"26","author":"A Vaughan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaughan A, Aarons E, Astbury J, Brooks T, Chand M, Flegg P, Hardman A, Harper N, Jarvis R, Mawdsley S, et al. Human-to-human transmission of monkeypox virus, United Kingdom, October 2018. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26:782\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2604.191164.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2005.73.428","volume":"73","author":"LA Learned","year":"2005","unstructured":"Learned LA, Reynolds MG, Wassa DW, Li Y, Olson VA, Karem K, Stempora LL, Braden ZH, Kline R, Likos A, et al. Extended Interhuman transmission of monkeypox in a hospital community in the Republic of the Congo, 2003. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005;73:428\u201334.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"870_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102394","volume":"49","author":"A Vall\u00e9e","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vall\u00e9e A, Farfour E, Zucman D. Monkeypox virus: a novel sexually transmitted disease? A case report from France. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;49:102394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102394.","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.05.028","volume":"85","author":"J Heskin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heskin J, Belfield A, Milne C, Brown N, Walters Y, Scott C, Bracchi M, Moore LS, Mughal N, Rampling T, et al. Transmission of monkeypox virus through sexual contact\u2014a novel route of infection. J Infect. 2022;85:334\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.05.028.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"870_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0214229","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214229","volume":"14","author":"D Ogoina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogoina D, Izibewule JH, Ogunleye A, Ederiane E, Anebonam U, Neni A, Oyeyemi A, Etebu EN, Ihekweazu C. The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in nigeria\u2014report of outbreak experience and response in the niger delta university teaching hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0214229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0214229.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"870_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix260","volume":"216","author":"PK Mbala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mbala PK, Huggins JW, Riu-Rovira T, Ahuka SM, Mulembakani P, Rimoin AW, Martin JW, Muyembe J-JT. Maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women with human monkeypox infection in the democratic Republic of Congo. J Infect Dis. 2017;216:824\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix260.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y","volume":"82","author":"JG Rizk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rizk JG, Lippi G, Henry BM, Forthal DN, Rizk Y. Prevention and treatment of monkeypox. Drugs. 2022;82:957\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"870_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.014","volume":"29","author":"IK Damon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Damon IK. Status of human monkeypox: clinical disease. Epidemiol Res Vaccine. 2011;29:D54\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.014.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Res Vaccine"},{"key":"870_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.053","volume":"43","author":"DC Cassimatis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cassimatis DC, Atwood JE, Engler RM, Linz PE, Grabenstein JD, Vernalis MN. Smallpox vaccination and myopericarditis: a clinical review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43:1503\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.053.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"870_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3390\/life12101590","volume":"12","author":"M Jeyaraman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jeyaraman M, Selvaraj P, Halesh MB, Jeyaraman N, Nallakumarasamy A, Gupta M, Maffulli N, Gupta A. Monkeypox: an emerging global public health emergency. Life. 2022;12:1590. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12101590.","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"870_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2217\/17460794.2.5.467","volume":"2","author":"A Kurth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kurth A, Nitsche A. Fast and reliable diagnostic methods for the detection of human poxvirus infections. Future Virol. 2007;2:467\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/17460794.2.5.467.","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"key":"870_CR67","volume-title":"Microbiology in agriculture and human health","author":"DF Barreto-Vieira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barreto-Vieira DF, Barth OM. Negative and positive staining in transmission electron microscopy for virus diagnosis. In: Shah MM, editor. Microbiology in agriculture and human health. London: InTech; 2015."},{"key":"870_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.153","author":"KL Tyler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tyler KL. Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: part 1. Arch Neurol. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2009.153.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"870_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-022-00611-6","volume":"44","author":"J Quarleri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quarleri J, Delpino MV, Galvan V. Monkeypox: considerations for the understanding and containment of the current outbreak in non-endemic countries. GeroScience. 2022;44:2095\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11357-022-00611-6.","journal-title":"GeroScience"},{"key":"870_CR70","first-page":"1675","volume":"29","author":"S McConnell","year":"1968","unstructured":"McConnell S, Hickman RL, Wooding WL, Huxsoll DL. Monkeypox: experimental infection in chimpanzee (Pan Satyrus) and immunization with vaccinia virus. Am J Vet Res. 1968;29:1675\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"870_CR71","first-page":"789","volume":"31","author":"AW Downie","year":"1950","unstructured":"Downie AW, McCARTHY K. The viruses of variola, vaccina, cowpox and ectromelia. Neutralization tests on the chorio-allantois with unabsorbed and absorbed immune sera. Br J Exp Pathol. 1950;31:789\u201396.","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"870_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00008-6","volume":"55","author":"E De Clercq","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Clercq E. Cidofovir in the treatment of poxvirus infections. Antiviral Res. 2002;55:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00008-6.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"870_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005","volume":"79","author":"G Yang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang G, Pevear DC, Davies MH, Collett MS, Bailey T, Rippen S, Barone L, Burns C, Rhodes G, Tohan S, et al. An orally bioavailable antipoxvirus compound (ST-246) inhibits extracellular virus formation and protects mice from lethal orthopoxvirus challenge. J Virol. 2005;79:13139\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"870_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.3390\/v2112409","volume":"2","author":"R Jordan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jordan R, Leeds JM, Tyavanagimatt S, Hruby DE. Development of ST-246\u00ae for treatment of poxvirus infections. Viruses. 2010;2:2409\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v2112409.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"870_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.11.27","volume":"6","author":"DW Grosenbach","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grosenbach DW, Jordan R, Hruby DE. Development of the small-molecule antiviral ST-246 \u00ae as a smallpox therapeutic. Future Virol. 2011;6:653\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fvl.11.27.","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"key":"870_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00196-1","volume":"57","author":"RO Baker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baker RO, Bray M, Huggins JW. Potential antiviral therapeutics for smallpox, monkeypox and other orthopoxvirus infections. Antiviral Res. 2003;57:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00196-1.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"870_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01172-07","volume":"52","author":"WC Magee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Magee WC, Aldern KA, Hostetler KY, Evans DH. Cidofovir and (S)-9-[3-Hydroxy-(2-Phosphonomethoxy)Propyl]Adenine are highly effective inhibitors of vaccinia virus DNA polymerase when incorporated into the template strand. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2008;52:586\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01172-07.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"870_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1086\/595552","volume":"48","author":"A MacNeil","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacNeil A, Reynolds MG, Braden Z, Carroll DS, Bostik V, Karem K, Smith SK, Davidson W, Li Y, Moundeli A, et al. Transmission of atypical varicella-zoster virus infections involving palm and sole manifestations in an area with monkeypox endemicity. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:e6\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/595552.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2014.948847","volume":"12","author":"DF Florescu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Florescu DF, Keck MA. Development of CMX001 (Brincidofovir) for the treatment of serious diseases or conditions caused by DsDNA viruses. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2014;12:1171\u20138.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"870_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S3687","author":"A Nalca","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nalca A, Zumbrun EE, ACAM2000&trade. The new smallpox vaccine for united states strategic national stockpile. DDDT. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/DDDT.S3687.","journal-title":"DDDT"},{"key":"870_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1086\/587668","volume":"46","author":"S Vora","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vora S, Damon I, Fulginiti V, Weber SG, Kahana M, Stein SL, Gerber SI, Garcia-Houchins S, Lederman E, Hruby D, et al. Severe eczema vaccinatum in a household contact of a smallpox vaccinee. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:1555\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/587668.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.11.004","volume":"162","author":"BW Petersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petersen BW, Kabamba J, McCollum AM, Lushima RS, Wemakoy EO, Muyembe Tamfum J-J, Nguete B, Hughes CM, Monroe BP, Reynolds MG. Vaccinating against monkeypox in the democratic republic of the congo. Antiviral Res. 2019;162:171\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.11.004.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"870_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121057","volume":"90","author":"DJ Bauer","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bauer DJ, Vincent LS, Kempe CH, Young PA, Downie AW. Prophylaxis of smallpox with methisazone1. Am J Epidemiol. 1969;90:130\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121057.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"870_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.04.012","volume":"71","author":"VE Marquez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Marquez VE, Hughes SH, Sei S, Agbaria R. The history of N-methanocarbathymidine: the investigation of a conformational concept leads to the discovery of a potent and selective nucleoside antiviral agent. Antiviral Res. 2006;71:268\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.04.012.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"870_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555816971.ch13","volume-title":"Emerging infections 4","author":"PB Jahrling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jahrling PB, Zaucha GM, Huggins JW. Countermeasures to the reemergence of smallpox virus as an agent of bioterrorism. In: Michael Scheld W, Craig WA, Hughes JM, editors. Emerging infections 4. Washington: ASM Press; 2014. p. 187\u2013200."},{"key":"870_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01601-13","volume":"58","author":"S Duraffour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duraffour S, Drillien R, Haraguchi K, Balzarini J, Topalis D, van den Oord JJ, Andrei G, Snoeck R. KAY-2-41, a novel nucleoside analogue inhibitor of orthopoxviruses in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58:27\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01601-13.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"870_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1177\/095632020101200602","volume":"12","author":"DF Smee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smee DF, Bray M, Huggins JW. Antiviral activity and mode of action studies of ribavirin and mycophenolic acid against orthopoxviruses in Vitro. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2001;12:327\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095632020101200602.","journal-title":"Antivir Chem Chemother"},{"key":"870_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000422","volume":"97","author":"OYu Mazurkov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mazurkov OYu, Kabanov AS, Shishkina LN, Sergeev AA, Skarnovich MO, Bormotov NI, Skarnovich MA, Ovchinnikova AS, Titova KA, Galahova DO, et al. New effective chemically synthesized anti-smallpox compound NIOCH-14. J Gen Virol. 2016;97:1229\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.000422.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"870_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01683","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01683-19","volume":"64","author":"D Delaune","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delaune D, Iseni F. Drug development against smallpox: present and future. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64:e01683-e1719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01683-19.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"870_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr6404a1","volume":"64","author":"BW Petersen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Petersen BW, Damon IK, Pertowski CA, Meaney-Delman D, Guarnizo JT, Beigi RH, Edwards KM, Fisher MC, Frey SE, Lynfield R, et al. Clinical guidance for smallpox vaccine use in a postevent vaccination program. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64:1\u201326.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"870_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.4.555","volume":"17","author":"RN Greenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greenberg RN, Kennedy JS. ACAM2000: a newly licensed cell culture-based live vaccinia smallpox vaccine. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2008;17:555\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/13543784.17.4.555.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"870_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02642-05","volume":"80","author":"M Saijo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saijo M, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Nagata N, Iwata N, Hasegawa H, Ogata M, Fukushi S, Mizutani T, Sata T, et al. LC16m8, a highly attenuated vaccinia virus vaccine lacking expression of the membrane protein B5R. Protects Monkeys from Monkeypox J Virol. 2006;80:5179\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.02642-05.","journal-title":"Protects Monkeys from Monkeypox J Virol"},{"key":"870_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.417","volume":"70","author":"I Iizuka","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iizuka I, Ami Y, Suzaki Y, Nagata N, Fukushi S, Ogata M, Morikawa S, Hasegawa H, Mizuguchi M, Kurane I, et al. A single vaccination of nonhuman primates with highly attenuated smallpox vaccine, LC16m8, provides long-term protection against monkeypox. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2017;70:408\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2016.417.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.10.049","volume":"38","author":"AT Russo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Russo AT, Berhanu A, Bigger CB, Prigge J, Silvera PM, Grosenbach DW, Hruby D. Co-administration of tecovirimat and ACAM2000\u2122 in non-human primates: effect of tecovirimat treatment on ACAM2000 immunogenicity and efficacy versus lethal monkeypox virus challenge. Vaccine. 2020;38:644\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.10.049.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"870_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7310","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00355-12","volume":"86","author":"S Duraffour","year":"2012","unstructured":"Duraffour S, Andrei G, Topalis D, Kre\u010dmerov\u00e1 M, Crance J-M, Garin D, Snoeck R. Mutations conferring resistance to viral DNA polymerase inhibitors in camelpox virus give different drug-susceptibility profiles in vaccinia virus. J Virol. 2012;86:7310\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00355-12.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"870_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.20","volume":"147","author":"C Erickson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Erickson C, Driscoll M, Gaspari A. Efficacy of intravenous cidofovir in the treatment of giant molluscum contagiosum in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147:652\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.20.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"870_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.10.009","volume":"73","author":"KY Hostetler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hostetler KY, Beadle JR, Trahan J, Aldern KA, Owens G, Schriewer J, Melman L, Buller RM. Oral 1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-Benzyl-Sn-Glycero-3-Cidofovir targets the lung and is effective against a lethal respiratory challenge with ectromelia virus in mice. Antiviral Res. 2007;73:212\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.antiviral.2006.10.009.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"870_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000353","volume":"38","author":"TK Tippin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tippin TK, Morrison ME, Brundage TM, Momm\u00e9ja-Marin H. Brincidofovir is not a substrate for the human organic anion transporter 1: a mechanistic explanation for the lack of nephrotoxicity observed in clinical studies. Ther Drug Monit. 2016;38:777\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000353.","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"870_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir853","volume":"205","author":"JI Cohen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cohen JI, Davila W, Ali MA, Turk S-P, Cowen EW, Freeman AF, Wang K. Detection of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) DNA in the Plasma of an immunocompromised patient and possible reduction of MCV DNA With CMX-001. J Infect Dis. 2012;205:794\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jir853.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6","volume":"22","author":"H Adler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, Osborne JC, Rampling T, Beadsworth MB, Duncan CJ, et al. Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:1153\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01044-08","volume":"53","author":"SK Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith SK, Olson VA, Karem KL, Jordan R, Hruby DE, Damon IK. In vitro efficacy of ST246 against smallpox and monkeypox. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:1007\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01044-08.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"870_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106703","volume":"104","author":"V Thakur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thakur V, Thakur P, Srivastava S, Kumar P. Monkeypox virus (MPX) in humans a concern: trespassing the global boundaries\u2014correspondence. Int J Surg. 2022;104:106703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106703.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"870_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s10517-017-3807-x","volume":"163","author":"EI Filippova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filippova EI. Antiviral activity of lady\u2019s mantle (Alchemilla Vulgaris L.) extracts against orthopoxviruses. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2017;163:374\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10517-017-3807-x.","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"870_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032610","volume":"7","author":"W Arndt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arndt W, Mitnik C, Denzler KL, White S, Waters R, Jacobs BL, Rochon Y, Olson VA, Damon IK, Langland JO. In vitro characterization of a nineteenth-century therapy for smallpox. PLoS ONE. 2012;7:e32610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0032610.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"870_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15091129","volume":"15","author":"HN Altayb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Altayb HN. Fludarabine, a potential DNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, as a prospective drug against monkeypox virus: a computational approach. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15:1129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph15091129.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"870_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11570","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911570","volume":"23","author":"T-P Lam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lam T-P, Tran V-H, Mai TT, Lai NV-T, Dang B-TN, Le M-T, Tran T-D, Trinh D-TT, Thai K-M. Identification of diosmin and flavin adenine dinucleotide as repurposing treatments for monkeypox virus: a computational study. IJMS. 2022;23:11570. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231911570.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"870_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11224-022-02079-8","author":"TM Burkhanova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Burkhanova TM, Krysantieva AI, Babashkina MG, Konyaeva IA, Monina LN, Goncharenko AN, Safin DA. In silico analyses of betulin: DFT studies, corrosion inhibition properties, ADMET prediction, and molecular docking with a series of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox proteins. Struct Chem. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11224-022-02079-8.","journal-title":"Struct Chem"},{"key":"870_CR108","volume-title":"Computational repurposing of fda approved drugs against monkeypox virus cysteine proteinase: a molecular docking and dynamics simulation study","author":"HA Odhar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Odhar HA. Computational repurposing of fda approved drugs against monkeypox virus cysteine proteinase: a molecular docking and dynamics simulation study. Charlottesville: OSF Preprints; 2022."},{"key":"870_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11030-022-10550-1","author":"AK Sahoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahoo AK, Augusthian PD, Muralitharan I, Vivek-Ananth RP, Kumar K, Kumar G, Ranganathan G, Samal A. In silico identification of potential inhibitors of vital monkeypox virus proteins from FDA approved drugs. Mol Divers. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11030-022-10550-1.","journal-title":"Mol Divers"},{"key":"870_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcvp.2022.100114","volume":"2","author":"F Branda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Branda F, Pierini M, Mazzoli S. Monkeypox: EpiMPX surveillance system and open data with a special focus on European and Italian Epidemic. J Clin Virol Plus. 2022;2:100114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcvp.2022.100114.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol Plus"},{"key":"870_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.28.2200503","author":"A Peir\u00f3-Mestres","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peir\u00f3-Mestres A, Fuertes I, Camprub\u00ed-Ferrer D, Marcos M\u00c1, Vilella A, Navarro M, Rodriguez-Elena L, Riera J, Catal\u00e0 A, Mart\u00ednez MJ, et al. Frequent detection of monkeypox virus DNA in saliva, semen, and other clinical samples from 12 patients, Barcelona, Spain, May to June 2022. Eurosurveillance. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.28.2200503.","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"870_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poxviruses. In Hunter\u2019s tropical medicine and emerging infectious disease; Elsevier, 2013; pp. 256\u2013262","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-4390-4.00171-5"},{"key":"870_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2406.180248","volume":"24","author":"RH Doshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doshi RH, Guagliardo SAJ, Dzabatou-Babeaux A, Likouayoulou C, Ndakala N, Moses C, Olson V, McCollum AM, Petersen BW. Strengthening of surveillance during monkeypox outbreak, Republic of the Congo, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24:1158\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2406.180248.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"870_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159816","volume":"858","author":"DL Wannigama","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wannigama DL, Amarasiri M, Hongsing P, Hurst C, Modchang C, Chadsuthi S, Anupong S, Phattharapornjaroen P, Fernandez SMAHRS, et al. Multiple traces of monkeypox detected in non-sewered wastewater with sparse sampling from a densely populated metropolitan Area in Asia. Sci Total Environ. 2023;858:159816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159816.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"870_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade2503","volume":"379","author":"JI Levy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Levy JI, Andersen KG, Knight R, Karthikeyan S. Wastewater surveillance for public health. Science. 2023;379:26\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.ade2503.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"870_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159166","volume":"856","author":"A Tiwari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tiwari A, Adhikari S, Kaya D, Islam MdA, Malla B, Sherchan SP, Al-Mustapha AI, Kumar M, Aggarwal S, Bhattacharya P, et al. Monkeypox outbreak: wastewater and environmental surveillance perspective. Sci Total Environ. 2023;856:159166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159166.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"870_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2022-0221","author":"S Hemati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hemati S, Mohammadi-Moghadam F. A systematic review on environmental perspectives of monkeypox virus. Rev Environ Health. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/reveh-2022-0221.","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"}],"container-title":["Human Cell"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1744156963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["870"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13577-023-00870-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1749-0774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1749-0774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest\n                      .","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}