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Prod. Bioprospect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Qingfei Paidu decoction (QFPDD) has been extensively used in clinical treatments during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. SARS-CoV-2 primarily invades host cells via its spike (S) protein binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell membrane, mediating viral-host membrane fusion. Blocking viral entry is a crucial step in preventing infection, with the interaction between the S receptor binding domain (S-RBD) and ACE2 being a key antiviral target. Given that SARS-CoV-2 predominantly affects the respiratory system and approximately 25% of patients suffering from corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms, we are committed to identifying more active ingredients in QFPDD that target the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of COVID-19 patients. Among medicinal plants, ephedra and liquorice derived from QFPDD, along with two other Chinese herbs, <jats:italic>Platycodon grandiflorum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Radix Rhei Et Rhizome<\/jats:italic> (rhubarb), have garnered our interest. These herbs have historically been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating infectious diseases with respiratory and digestive symptoms. Here, we established a library containing all components of the four individual herbs gathered from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and performed structure-based virtual screening to identify potential ACE2\/S-RBD inhibitors. Subsequently, we selected 10 ingredients from the top 30 candidates and evaluated their activities using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Delphinidin and deapio platycodin D (DPD) showed significant antiviral potential with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) values of 45.35\u00a0\u00b5M and 1.38\u00a0\u00b5M, respectively. Furthermore, delphinidin also inhibited the 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CL<jats:sup>pro<\/jats:sup>), indicating its dual-viral target inhibitory potential. Notably, DPD effectively suppressed HCoV-229E replication in BEL-7402 cells. This study not only provides a strategy for rapid identifying antiviral agents from TCM in anticipation of future pandemics but also offers theoretical and experimental evidence to support for the clinical use of QFPDD.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-025-00523-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T09:32:09Z","timestamp":1749807129000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Exploring anti-SARS-CoV-2 natural products: dual-viral target inhibition by delphinidin and the anti-coronaviral efficacy of deapio platycodin D"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jiani","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saisai","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xixiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyue","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianrong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huarong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5479-4967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lili","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"523_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3182","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21793","volume":"41","author":"R Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu R, Li J, Yu H, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Martin C. 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