{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T12:48:45Z","timestamp":1769950125456,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the High-level Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming","award":["2022SCP003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022SCP003"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. U2202212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. U2202212"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Project of Yunnan Characteristic Plant Screening and R&D Service CXO Platform","award":["2022YKZY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YKZY001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Prod. Bioprospect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antibiotic-induced depletion of the gut microbiota facilitated the colonization of vancomycin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Enterococci<\/jats:italic>\n                    (VRE) in the gastrointestinal tract, and then increased patients' susceptibility to secondary infections. Ellagic acid, a major constituent of fruits and nuts, showed various bioactivities except for antibacterial. Interestingly, it promoted the recovery of gut microbiota, enhanced microbial diversity and stimulated the proliferation of probiotic gut microbes, and then ameliorated the overgrowth of pathogens in vivo in our experiment. Moreover, ellagic acid activated\n                    <jats:italic>Gpr41<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Gpr43<\/jats:italic>\n                    mainly by promoting the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetic acid and propionic acid to inhibit the NF-\u0138B signaling pathway. Then the dietary supplement with ellagic acid might treat infected gut to avoid antibiotic-associated intestinal diseases, and the finding also provided a novel strategy for exploring antibacterial agent besides screening in vitro.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-025-00584-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:02:31Z","timestamp":1769904151000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary ellagic acid inhibiting gastrointestinal pathogens by modulation of microbiome-metabolite-immune axis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Li-Na","family":"Mei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Shan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuo-Qi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Zhen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6768-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"584_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S467","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa439.1042","volume":"7","author":"LC Tanure","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tanure LC, Pinho RT, Alves \u00c9MP, Pires BC, Lopes JR, Ribeiro DT, et al. 853. Hospital-acquired infections by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE): results in 3 years of multicenter study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(Supplement_1):S467\u2013S467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa439.1042.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"584_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00059-22","volume":"36","author":"KA Cairns","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cairns KA, Udy AA, Peel TN, Abbott IJ, Dooley MJ, Peleg AY. Therapeutics for vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2023;36(2):e0005922. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00059-22.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.3c00032","volume":"14","author":"NS Abutaleb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abutaleb NS, Shrinidhi A, Bandara AB, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP. Evaluation of 1,3,4-thiadiazole carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for gut decolonization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2023;14(4):487\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.3c00032.","journal-title":"ACS Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.008","volume":"51","author":"KJ Shah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah KJ, Cherabuddi K, Shultz J, Borgert S, Ramphal R, Klinker KP. Ampicillin for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections caused by vancomycin\u2013resistant Enterococcus spp (VRE): a single-center university hospital experience. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018;51(1):57\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.008.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"12","key":"584_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00933-y","volume":"21","author":"SRS Fishbein","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fishbein SRS, Mahmud B, Dantas G. Antibiotic perturbations to the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(12):772\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-023-00933-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"584_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.02.008","volume":"39","author":"TP Wypych","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wypych TP, Marsland BJ. Antibiotics as instigators of microbial dysbiosis: implications for asthma and allergy. Trends Immunol. 2018;39(9):697\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2018.02.008.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"20","key":"584_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.007","volume":"185","author":"E Hayase","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hayase E, Hayase T, Jamal MA, Miyama T, Chang CC, Ortega MR, et al. Mucus-degrading Bacteroides link carbapenems to aggravated graft-versus-host disease. Cell. 2022;185(20):3705-3719.e3714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.007.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"584_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fishbein SRS, Hink T, Reske KA, Cass C, Struttmann E, Iqbal ZH, et al. Randomized controlled trial of oral vancomycin treatment in clostridioides difficile-colonized patients. mSphere. 2021;6(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00936-00920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/msphere.00936-20.","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00936-00920"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1159\/000492114","volume":"11","author":"D Reijnders","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reijnders D, Goossens GH, Hermes GDA, Smidt H, Zoetendal EG, Blaak EE. Short-term microbiota manipulation and forearm substrate metabolism in obese men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Obes Facts. 2018;11(4):318\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000492114.","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.034","volume":"60","author":"A Vrieze","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vrieze A, Out C, Fuentes S, Jonker L, Reuling I, Kootte RS, et al. Impact of oral vancomycin on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. J Hepatol. 2014;60(4):824\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.11.034.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01207-6","volume":"10","author":"CK Sim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sim CK, Kashaf SS, Stacy A, Proctor DM, Almeida A, Bouladoux N, et al. A mouse model of occult intestinal colonization demonstrating antibiotic-induced outgrowth of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Microbiome. 2022;10(1):43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-021-01207-6.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-021-00478-6","volume":"14","author":"H Pickering","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pickering H, Hart JD, Burr S, Stabler R, Maleta K, Kalua K, et al. Impact of azithromycin mass drug administration on the antibiotic-resistant gut microbiome in children: a randomized, controlled trial. Gut Pathog. 2022;14(1):5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-021-00478-6.","journal-title":"Gut Pathog"},{"issue":"11","key":"584_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e587","DOI":"10.1016\/s2666-7568(23)00197-6","volume":"4","author":"C Vaziri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vaziri C, Darkoh C. Environmental contamination contributing to the spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in nursing homes. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2023;4(11):e587\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2666-7568(23)00197-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"8025","key":"584_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-024-02601-4","volume":"632","author":"A Dance","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dance A. Five ways science is tackling the antibiotic resistance crisis. Nature. 2024;632(8025):494\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-024-02601-4.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"584_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.104967","volume":"100","author":"Y Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang Y, An Y, Dong Y, Chu Q, Wei J, Wang B, et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation: no longer cinderella in tumour immunotherapy. EBioMedicine. 2024;100:104967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.104967.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"584_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.05.014","author":"O DeLeon","year":"2025","unstructured":"DeLeon O, Mocanu M, Tan A, Sidebottom AM, Koval J, Ceccato HD, et al. Microbiome mismatches from microbiota transplants lead to persistent off-target metabolic and immunomodulatory effects. Cell. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2025.05.014.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"584_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010192x","volume":"49","author":"P Zafrilla","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zafrilla P, Ferreres F, Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n FA. Effect of processing and storage on the antioxidant ellagic acid derivatives and flavonoids of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) jams. J Agric Food Chem. 2001;49(8):3651\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf010192x.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.07.024","volume":"102","author":"JE Villarreal-Lozoya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Villarreal-Lozoya JE, Lombardini L, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Phytochemical constituents and antioxidant capacity of different pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] cultivars. Food Chem. 2007;102(4):1241\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.07.024.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"584_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4581","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000404a","volume":"48","author":"MI Gil","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gil MI, Tomas-Barberan FA, Hess-Pierce B, Holcroft DM, Kader AA. Antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice and its relationship with phenolic composition and processing. J Agric Food Chem. 2000;48(10):4581\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf000404a.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"584_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3971","DOI":"10.1021\/jf011587j","volume":"50","author":"JH Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee JH, Talcott ST. Ellagic acid and ellagitannins affect on sedimentation in muscadine juice and wine. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(14):3971\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf011587j.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"584_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156064","volume":"135","author":"K Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang K, Hao Z, xie J, Ma L, Zhang W, Mo J, et al. Nrf2-dependent hepatoprotective effect of ellagic acid in titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced liver injury. Phytomedicine. 2024;135:156064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156064.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"15","key":"584_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0633-9492","volume":"84","author":"JL R\u00edos","year":"2018","unstructured":"R\u00edos JL, Giner RM, Mar\u00edn M, Recio MC. A pharmacological update of Ellagic Acid. Planta Med. 2018;84(15):1068\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-0633-9492.","journal-title":"Planta Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab007","volume":"12","author":"A Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta A, Singh AK, Kumar R, Jamieson S, Pandey AK, Bishayee A. Neuroprotective potential of ellagic acid: a critical review. Adv Nutr. 2021;12(4):1211\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/advances\/nmab007.","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"584_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3848084","volume":"2022","author":"J Sharifi-Rad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Castillo CMS, Caroca R, Lazo-V\u00e9lez MA, Antonyak H, et al. Ellagic acid: a review on its natural sources, chemical stability, and therapeutic potential. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:3848084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3848084.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"24","key":"584_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6900","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2036693","volume":"63","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang M, Cui S, Mao B, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhang H, et al. Ellagic acid and intestinal microflora metabolite urolithin A: a review on its sources, metabolic distribution, health benefits, and biotransformation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(24):6900\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2022.2036693.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-024-01819-8","volume":"12","author":"B Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han B, Shi L, Bao M-Y, Yu F-L, Zhang Y, Lu X-Y, et al. Dietary ellagic acid therapy for CNS autoimmunity: targeting on Alloprevotella rava and propionate metabolism. Microbiome. 2024;12(1):114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-024-01819-8.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad041","volume":"44","author":"H-a Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng H-a, Chen Y, Yuan Y, Zhang H-y. Regulatory effect of ellagic acid on immune function in burned rats. J Burn Care Res. 2023;44(4):982\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jbcr\/irad041.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"584_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.1172\/jci43918","volume":"120","author":"C Ubeda","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ubeda C, Taur Y, Jenq RR, Equinda MJ, Son T, Samstein M, et al. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus domination of intestinal microbiota is enabled by antibiotic treatment in mice and precedes bloodstream invasion in humans. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(12):4332\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci43918.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"584_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9","volume":"37","author":"E Bolyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bolyen E, Rideout JR, Dillon MR, Bokulich NA, Abnet CC, Al-Ghalith GA, et al. Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nat Biotechnol. 2019;37(8):852\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-019-0209-9.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"584_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6","volume":"38","author":"GM Douglas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Douglas GM, Maffei VJ, Zaneveld JR, Yurgel SN, Brown JR, Taylor CM, et al. PICRUSt2 for prediction of metagenome functions. Nat Biotechnol. 2020;38(6):685\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41587-020-0548-6.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"584_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quast C, Pruesse E, Yilmaz P, Gerken J, Schweer T, Yarza P, et al. The SILVA ribosomal RNA gene database project: improved data processing and web-based tools. Nucl Acids Res. 2013;41(Database issue):D590\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gks1219.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219"},{"key":"584_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.12.049","volume":"196","author":"S Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang S, Wang H, Zhu M-J. A sensitive GC\/MS detection method for analyzing microbial metabolites short chain fatty acids in fecal and serum samples. Talanta. 2019;196:249\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.12.049.","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"584_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00063-17","author":"ML Jenior","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jenior ML, Leslie JL, Young VB, Schloss PD. Clostridium difficile colonizes alternative nutrient niches during infection across distinct murine gut microbiomes. mSystems. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mSystems.00063-17.","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"issue":"4","key":"584_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-0668-2","volume":"5","author":"D VanInsberghe","year":"2020","unstructured":"VanInsberghe D, Elsherbini JA, Varian B, Poutahidis T, Erdman S, Polz MF. Diarrhoeal events can trigger long-term Clostridium difficile colonization with recurrent blooms. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5(4):642\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-020-0668-2.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"584_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.572912","volume":"10","author":"J Ramirez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramirez J, Guarner F, Bustos Fernandez L, Maruy A, Sdepanian VL, Cohen H. Antibiotics as major disruptors of gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:572912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2020.572912.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"584_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.908010","volume":"13","author":"T Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du T, Lei A, Zhang N, Zhu C. The beneficial role of probiotic Lactobacillus in respiratory diseases. Front Immunol. 2022;13:908010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.908010.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"584_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00080-13","volume":"27","author":"V Li\u00e9vin-Le Moal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li\u00e9vin-Le Moal V, Servin AL. Anti-infective activities of Lactobacillus strains in the human intestinal microbiota: from probiotics to gastrointestinal anti-infectious biotherapeutic agents. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(2):167\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00080-13.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"584_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12839","volume":"94","author":"M Chatzidaki-Livanis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chatzidaki-Livanis M, Coyne MJ, Comstock LE. An antimicrobial protein of the gut symbiont Bacteroides fragilis with a MACPF domain of host immune proteins. Mol Microbiol. 2014;94(6):1361\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.12839.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"584_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shumaker AM, Laclare McEneany V, Coyne MJ, Silver PA, Comstock LE. Identification of a Fifth Antibacterial Toxin Produced by a Single Bacteroides fragilis Strain. J Bacteriol. 2019;201(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00577-18.","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00577-18"},{"issue":"2","key":"584_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2024.12.008","volume":"43","author":"S Garc\u00eda-Cobos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Cobos S, Oteo-Iglesias J, P\u00e9rez-V\u00e1zquez M. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology outside Asian countries, antibiotic resistance association, methods of detection and clinical management. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2025;43(2):102\u20139.","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"584_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013","author":"JN Schaffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schaffer JN, Pearson MM. Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Microbiol Spectr. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"584_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.009","volume":"183","author":"CWY Ha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ha CWY, Martin A, Sepich-Poore GD, Shi B, Wang Y, Gouin K, et al. Translocation of viable gut microbiota to mesenteric adipose drives formation of creeping fat in humans. Cell. 2020;183(3):666-683.e617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.009.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2024.2435849","volume":"76","author":"J Luo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luo J, Yang Y, Liu H, Tan Z, Chen C, Li W, et al. Ellagic acid alleviates high-fructose diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating liver metabolic profiles and gut microbiota. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2025;76(1):47\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09637486.2024.2435849.","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"584_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.119043","volume":"284","author":"N Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang N, Jin M, Wang K, Zhang Z, Shah NP, Wei H. Functional oligosaccharide fermentation in the gut: improving intestinal health and its determinant factors-a review. Carbohydr Polym. 2022;284:119043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.119043.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"1","key":"584_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2018_2648","volume":"66","author":"W Ratajczak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ratajczak W, Ry\u0142 A, Mizerski A, Walczakiewicz K, Sipak O, Laszczy\u0144ska M. Immunomodulatory potential of gut microbiome-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Acta Biochim Pol. 2019;66(1):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18388\/abp.2018_2648.","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Pol"},{"key":"584_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11569\/wcjd.v30.i13.562","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Peng M-J, Tan Z. Progress in research of intestinal microbiota related short chain fatty acids. World Chin J Dig. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11569\/wcjd.v30.i13.562.","journal-title":"World Chin J Dig"},{"issue":"818","key":"584_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.adh1641","volume":"17","author":"T Mukherjee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mukherjee T, Kumar N, Chawla M, Philpott DJ, Basak S. The NF-\u03baB signaling system in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Sci Signal. 2024;17(818):eadh1641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.adh1641.","journal-title":"Sci Signal"}],"container-title":["Natural Products and Bioprospecting"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13659-025-00584-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13659-025-00584-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13659-025-00584-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:02:32Z","timestamp":1769904152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13659-025-00584-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13659-025-00584-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-2195","2192-2209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-2195","type":"print"},{"value":"2192-2209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Xiao-Dong Luo is the\u00a0Executive Editor-in-Chief of this journal but was not involved in the peer review or decision-making process in this article.\u00a0The\u00a0other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}],"article-number":"21"}}