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Evidence was gathered from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords and focusing on literature from 2015 to 2025. Insights into microbial diversity, environmental influences, host genetics, and advanced sequencing tools further strengthen understanding of oral microbial dynamics. While natural products show strong potential, challenges related to safety, bioavailability, regulatory clarity, and clinical translation remain to explore. This review outlines current progress and future directions needed to transform natural compounds into effective, evidence-based strategies for improving oral and systemic health through microbiome modulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-026-00605-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:01:38Z","timestamp":1772582498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A critical review on the roles of natural products in shaping oral microbiota and preventing chronic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-3735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baojun","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"605_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00163-7","volume":"14","author":"X Peng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peng X, Cheng L, You Y, et al. 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