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Bioprospect."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The gut-lung axis is a bidirectional communication network linking intestinal and pulmonary homeostasis through shared immunological and molecular mechanisms, conceptually consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine theory of \u201clung-intestine combined treatment.\u201d\n                      <jats:italic>Polygonatum cyrtonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      Hua is an edible medicinal plant with reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, yet its role in intestinal inflammation-associated lung injury remains unclear.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury models were established in vivo, while LPS-stimulated A549 lung epithelial cells were used in vitro. The protective effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Polygonatum cyrtonema<\/jats:italic>\n                      oligosaccharides (PFOS) were evaluated, with particular focus on NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. The Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 was applied in vitro to verify pathway involvement. Non-targeted fecal metabolomics was conducted to assess PFOS-mediated metabolic modulation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PFOS significantly alleviated DSS-associated lung histopathological damage, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, and improved epithelial barrier integrity. PFOS suppressed pulmonary proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6, decreased myeloperoxidase activity, and attenuated oxidative stress by lowering malondialdehyde levels while enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and HO-1. Mechanistically, PFOS inhibited NF-\u03baB activation and promoted Nrf2\/HO-1 signaling in lung tissues and LPS-stimulated A549 cells, effects that were partially reversed by ML385. Metabolomics analysis revealed that PFOS corrected DSS-induced disturbances in amino acid and lipid metabolism, with enrichment in cAMP, PPAR, and tryptophan-related pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PFOS protects against colitis-associated lung injury by modulating the gut-lung axis through coordinated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms involving NF-\u03baB inhibition and Nrf2 activation, supporting its potential therapeutic application in gut-lung axis-related diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13659-026-00608-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T03:57:04Z","timestamp":1782187024000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oligosaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua ameliorate colitis-induced lung injury via modulation of the gut-lung axis through NF-\u03baB and Nrf2 pathways"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuankang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianyu","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"608_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izaa112","volume":"27","author":"PT Kr\u00f6ner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ner PT, Lee A, Farraye FA. 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All reported methods were in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines. All Institutional and National Guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the work reported in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"70"}}