{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:12:25Z","timestamp":1790820745909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Nutr Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-019-00298-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]],"date-time":"2019-11-08T10:17:21Z","timestamp":1573208241000},"page":"374-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Multiple Health Benefits and Minimal Risks Associated with Vegetarian Diets"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jason P.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janese","family":"Laster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavyata","family":"Parag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nihar U.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"298_CR1","unstructured":"What is a vegetarian? Vegetarian Society. https:\/\/www.vegsoc.org\/info-hub\/definition\/ . Accessed 18 March 2018."},{"key":"298_CR2","unstructured":"Gelatin. International Vegetarian Union. https:\/\/ivu.org\/index.php\/gelatin . Accessed 18 March 2018."},{"key":"298_CR3","unstructured":"Why Avoid Hidden Animal Ingredients? North American Vegetarian Society. https:\/\/navs-online.org\/articles\/why-avoid-hidden-animal-ingredients\/ . Accessed 18 March 2018."},{"key":"298_CR4","unstructured":"Forrest J. Is Cheese Vegetarian? Serious Eats. https:\/\/www.seriouseats.com\/2007\/12\/is-cheese-vegetarian.html . Accessed 18 March 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4018\/ijudh.2013070104","volume":"3","author":"T Raphaely","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raphaely T, Marinova D, Crisp G, Panayotov J. Flexitarianism (Flexible or part-time vegetarianism): A user-based dietary choice for improved wellbeing. Int J User Driven Healthc. 2013;3(3):34\u201358.","journal-title":"Int J User Driven Healthc"},{"issue":"5","key":"298_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.008","volume":"14","author":"RJ Ostfeld","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ostfeld RJ. Definition of a plant-based diet and overview of this special issue. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14(5):315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.008 .","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"298_CR7","unstructured":"Pilis W, Stec K, Zych M, Pilis A. Health benefits and risk associated with adopting a vegetarian diet. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 204; 65(1):9\u201314."},{"key":"298_CR8","unstructured":"Reinhart RJ. Snapshot: Few Americans Vegetarian or Vegan. Gallup survey July 1-11, 2018. https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/238328\/snapshot-few-americans-vegetarian-vegan.aspx . Accessed 18 March 2018."},{"key":"298_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"340","author":"E Leahya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leahya E, Lyonsa S, Tola RSJ. An estimate of the number of vegetarians in the world. Econ Soc Res Instit. 2010;340:1\u201344.","journal-title":"Econ Soc Res Instit"},{"key":"298_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2015.06.013","volume":"4","author":"W Juan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Juan W, Yamini S, Britten P. Food intake patterns of self-identified vegetarians among the U.S. population, 2007-2010. Proc Food Sci. 2015;4:86\u201393.","journal-title":"Proc Food Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"298_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091023","volume":"9","author":"B All\u00e8s","year":"2017","unstructured":"All\u00e8s B, Baudry J, M\u00e9jean C, et al. Comparison of sociodemographic and nutritional characteristics between self-reported vegetarians, vegans, and meat-eaters from the NutriNet-Sant\u00e9 Study. Nutrients. 2017;9(9):1023. Published 2017 Sep 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9091023 .","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"298_CR12","unstructured":"The good food institute. Plant-based market overview. https:\/\/www.gfi.org\/marketresearch . Accessed 10 April 2019."},{"key":"298_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Craig WJ, Mangels AR. Position of the American Dietetic Association: vegetarian diets. J Am Diet Assoc. 2009:1266\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jada.2009.05.027 .","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2009.05.027"},{"issue":"12","key":"298_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0209086","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0209086","volume":"13","author":"Jocelyne R. Benatar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benatar JR, Stewart RAH. Cardiometabolic risk factors in vegans; a meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS ONE. 13(12):e0209086.","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.07.080","volume":"176","author":"CS Kwok","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwok CS, Umar S, Myint PK, Mamas MA, Loke YK. Vegetarian diet, Seventh Day Adventists and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2014;176(3):680\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"00","key":"298_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"CS Kwok","year":"2019","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Kwok CS, Gulati M, Michos ED, Potts J, Wu P, Watson L, et al. Dietary components and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: a review of evidence from meta-analyses. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;0(00):1\u201315 Large systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessed a quality-grade examining the relative risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease per standard food item.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"298_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114514003912","volume":"113","author":"M Gerber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gerber M, Hoffman R. The Mediterranean diet: health, science and society. Br J Nutr. 2015;113:S4\u2013S10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114514003912 .","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"16","key":"298_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.01.067","volume":"73","author":"KM Lara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lara KM, Levitan EB, Gutierrez OM, Shikany JM, Safford MM, Judd SE, et al. Plant-based diet lowers risk of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(16):2036\u201345.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"298_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.010","volume":"14","author":"T Campbell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campbell T. A plant-based diet and stroke. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2017;14:321\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2017.05.010 .","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"298_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389","volume":"378","author":"R Estruch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Estruch R, Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez MA, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil or nuts. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:e34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1800389 .","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"298_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2013.10.009","volume":"30","author":"Z-M Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Z-M, Zhao D, Nie Z-L, et al. Flavonol intake and stroke risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Nutrition. 2014;30(5):518\u201323.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"issue":"5","key":"298_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.000151","volume":"44","author":"DE Threapleton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Threapleton DE, Greenwood DC, Evans CEL, et al. Dietary fiber intake and risk of first stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke. 2013;44(5):1360\u20138.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"298_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518002647","volume":"120","author":"P Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng P, Wang L, Ning S, Liu Z, Lin H, Chen S, et al. Vitamin E intake and risk of stroke: A meta-analysis. Br J Nutr. 2018;120(10):1181\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114518002647 .","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"issue":"6","key":"298_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000329","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000329","volume":"2","author":"G-C Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen G-C, Lu D-B, Pang Z, Liu Q-F. Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(6):e000329.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"298_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9080848","volume":"8","author":"H Kahleova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kahleova H, Levin S, Barnard N. Cardio-metabolic benefits of plant-based diets. Nutrients. 2017;8:848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu9080848 .","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"298_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.02.004","volume":"29","author":"D. Papamichou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papamichou D, Panagiotako DB, Itsiopoulos C. Dietary patterns and management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2018; 1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.02.004","journal-title":"Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases"},{"issue":"13","key":"298_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.6473","volume":"173","author":"Orlich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orlich, et al. Vegetarian dietary patterns and mortality in Adventist Health Study 2. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173(13):1230\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"298_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiu THT, Pan WH, Lin MN, et al. Vegetarian diet, change in diet patterns, and diabetes risk: a prospective study. Nut Dia. 2018;12(8).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-018-0022-4"},{"key":"298_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000534","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000534","volume":"6","author":"A Toumpanakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toumpanakis A, Turnbull T, Alba-Barba I. Effectiveness of plant-based diets in promoting well-being in the management of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. BMJ Opn Diab Res Care. 2018;6:e000534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjdrc-2018-000534 .","journal-title":"BMJ Opn Diab Res Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"298_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.05.004","volume":"27","author":"M Guasch-Ferr\u00e9","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guasch-Ferr\u00e9 M, Salas-Salvad\u00f3 J, Estruch R, Corella D, Fit\u00f3 M. Martinez-Gonz\u00e1lez MA; PREDIMED Investigators. The PREDIMED trial, Mediterranean diet and health outcomes: how strong is the evidence? Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2017;27(7):624\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.05.004 .","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy164","volume":"34","author":"P Chauveau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chauveau P, Koppe L, Combe C, Lasseur C, Trolonge S, Aparicio M. Vegetarian diets and chronic kidney disease. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2019;34(2):199\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy164 .","journal-title":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.11.004","volume":"27","author":"B Haring","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haring B, Selvin E, Liang M, Coresh J, Grams ME, Petruski-Ivleva N, et al. Dietary protein sources and risk for incident chronic kidney disease: results from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. J Ren Nutr. 2017;27(4):233\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.11.004 .","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"key":"298_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06190616","volume":"12","author":"JT Kelly","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kelly JT, Palmer SC, Wai SN, Ruospo M, Carrero JJ, Campbell KL, et al. Healthy dietary patterns and risk of mortality and ESRD in CKD: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017;12:272\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.06190616 .","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"298_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.153148","volume":"105","author":"L Schwingshackl","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022\u2022 Schwingshackl L, Schwedhelm C, Hoffmann G, Lampousi A, Kn\u00fcppel S, Iqbal K, et al. Food groups and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. The Am J of Clin Nutr. 2017;105(6):1462\u201373 Very large systematic review and meta-analysis of all prospective studies examining the relative risk of all-cause mortality per serving of standard food-group per day.","journal-title":"The Am J of Clin Nutr"},{"key":"298_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.12.044","volume":"97","author":"S Mihrashahi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mihrashahi S, Ding D, Gale J, et al. Vegetarian diet and all-cause mortality: evidence from a large population based Australian cohort \u2013 the 45 and Up study. Prev Med. 2017;97:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Prev Med."},{"key":"298_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0117796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117796","volume":"10","author":"ET Aasheim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aasheim ET, Sharp JS, Appleby PN, et al. Tinned fruit consumption and mortality in three prospective cohorts. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0117796.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"298_CR37","first-page":"1","volume":"30341","author":"Q Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang Q, Zhang Z, Gregg EW, et al. Added sugar intake and cardiovascular diseases mortality among US adults. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;30341:1\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"298_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22427\/NTP-RR-9","volume-title":"Draft NTP research report on the CLARITY-BPA core study: a perinatal and chronic extended-dose-range study of bisphenol A in rats. NTP RR 9","author":"National Toxicology Program","year":"2018","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program. Draft NTP research report on the CLARITY-BPA core study: a perinatal and chronic extended-dose-range study of bisphenol A in rats. NTP RR 9, vol. 9. Research Triangle Park: National Toxicology Program; 2018. p. 1\u2013249."},{"issue":"3","key":"298_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90083-0","volume":"102","author":"SI Barr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barr SI, Chapman GE. Perceptions and practices of self-defined current vegetarian, former vegetarian, and nonvegetarian women. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(3):354\u201360.","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc."},{"key":"298_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-017-0230-2","volume":"14","author":"AH Metherel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Metherel AH, Chouinard-Watkins R, Tr\u00e9panier MO, Lacombe RJS, Bazinet RP. Retroconversion is a minor contributor to increases in eicosapentaenoic acid following docosahexaenoic acid feeding as determined by compound specific isotope analysis in rat liver. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2017;14:75. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12986-017-0230-2 .","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxy292","volume":"149","author":"FL Miles","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miles FL, Lloren JIC, Haddad E, Jaceldo-Siegl K, Knutsen S, Sabate J, et al. Plasma, urine, and adipose tissue biomarkers of dietary intake differ between vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet groups in the Adventist Health Study-2. J Nutr. 2019;149(4):667\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/nxy292 .","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"10","key":"298_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101498","volume":"10","author":"G Cardwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cardwell G, Bornman JF, James AP, Black LJ. A review of mushrooms as a potential source of dietary vitamin D. Nutrients. 2018;10(10):1498.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"298_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5387","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0360","volume":"89","author":"LAG Armas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Armas LAG, Hollis BW, Heaney RP. Vitamin D2 is much less effective than vitamin D3 in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5387\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"298_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-2308","volume":"93","author":"MF Holick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holick MF, Biancuzzo RM, Chen TC, Klein EK, Young A, Bibuld D, et al. Vitamin D2 is as effective as vitamin D3 in maintaining circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:677\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"298_CR45","first-page":"152","volume":"25","author":"JA Baig","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baig JA, Sheikh SA, Islam I, Kumar M. Vitamin D status among vegetarians and non-vegetarians. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2013;25(1-2):152\u20135.","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"key":"298_CR46","unstructured":"Higdon J, Drake VJ, Delage B, Miller JW. Vitamin B12. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 4 June 2015. https:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/vitamins\/vitamin-B12 . Accessed 26 April 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12001","volume":"71","author":"R Pawlak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pawlak R, Parrott SJ, Raj S, Cullum-Dugan D, Lucus D. How prevalent is vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarians? Nutrition Reviews. 2013;71(2):110\u20137 https:\/\/doi-org.libproxy.uthscsa.edu\/10.1111\/nure.12001 .","journal-title":"Nutrition Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"298_CR48","first-page":"209","volume":"11","author":"E Madry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Madry E, Lisowska A, Grebowiec P, Walkowiak J. The impact of vegan diet on B-12 status in healthy omnivores: five-year prospective study. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2012;11(2):209\u201313.","journal-title":"Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment"},{"issue":"4","key":"298_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.12697","volume":"45","author":"SB Jung","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jung SB, Nagaraja V, Kapur A, Eslick GD. Association between vitamin B12 deficiency and long-term use of acid-lowering agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Internal Medicine J. 2015;45(4):409\u201316.","journal-title":"Internal Medicine J"},{"key":"298_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang H, Li L, Qin LL, Song Y, Vidal-Alaball J, Liu TH. Oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular vitamin B12 for vitamin B12 deficiency. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;(3):CD004655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004655.pub3 .","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004655.pub3"},{"issue":"9","key":"298_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.125.PMID19713987","volume":"6","author":"KR DeVault","year":"2009","unstructured":"DeVault KR, Talley NJ. Insights into the future of gastric acid suppression. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;6(9):524\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.125.PMID19713987 .","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"298_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-018-00613-y","volume":"9","author":"MJ Bensky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bensky MJ, Ayalon-Dangur I, Ayalon-Dangur R, Naamany E, Gafter-Gvili A, Koren G, et al. Comparison of sublingual vs intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 for the treatment of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency. Drug Deliv. And Transl. Res. 2019;9:625\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-018-00613-y .","journal-title":"Drug Deliv. And Transl. Res."},{"key":"298_CR53","unstructured":"Office of Dietary Supplements. Iron. National Institutes of Health Dec 2018. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Iron-HealthProfessional\/ . Accessed 26 April 2019."},{"key":"298_CR54","unstructured":"Higdon J, Drake VJ, Delage B, Wesling-Resnick M. Iron. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. April 2016. https:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/minerals\/iron . Accessed 26 April 2019."},{"issue":"10","key":"298_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/70527","volume":"27","author":"A Sliwinska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sliwinska A, Luty J. Aleksandrowicz- Wrona E. Iron status and dietary iron intake in vegetarians. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;27(10):1383\u20139.","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"298_CR56","unstructured":"Higdon J, Drake VJ, Delage B, Weaver CM. Calcium. Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Sept 2017. https:\/\/lpi.oregonstate.edu\/mic\/minerals\/calcium . Accessed 26 April 2019."},{"issue":"6","key":"298_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827616682933","volume":"12","author":"R Pawlak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pawlak R, Berger J, Hines I. Iron status of vegetarian adults: a review of literature. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2018;12(6):486\u201398.","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"298_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"PE524","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30182-5","volume":"4","author":"NU Stoffel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stoffel NU, Cercamondi CI, Brittenham PG, et al. Iron absorption from oral iron supplements given on consecutive versus alternate days and as single morning doses versus twice-daily split dosing in iron-depleted women: two open-label, randomized controlled trials. Lancet Haematology. 2017;4(11):PE524\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30182-5 .","journal-title":"Lancet Haematology"},{"key":"298_CR59","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015\u20132020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015. Available at http:\/\/health.gov\/dietaryguidelines\/2015\/guidelines\/ ."},{"key":"298_CR60","unstructured":"Office of Dietary Supplements. Zinc. National Institutes of Health March 2019. https:\/\/ods.od.nih.gov\/factsheets\/Zinc-HealthProfessional\/#ref . Accessed 26 April 2019."}],"container-title":["Current Nutrition Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13668-019-00298-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13668-019-00298-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13668-019-00298-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T14:26:30Z","timestamp":1695392790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13668-019-00298-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13668-019-00298-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-3311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-3311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Jason P. Rocha, Janese Laster, Bhavyata Parag, and Nihar U. Shah declare they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}