{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T10:37:42Z","timestamp":1788345462190,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Nutr Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-020-00310-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1591016665000},"page":"101-106","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Why Pregnancy Weight Gain Guidelines Need to Differ for Multiple Versus Single Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Manisha","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"310_CR1","volume-title":"Nutrition during pregnancy","author":"IOM (Institute of Medicine)","year":"1990","unstructured":"IOM (Institute of Medicine). Nutrition during pregnancy. Washington: National Academy Press; 1990."},{"key":"310_CR2","volume-title":"Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines","author":"IOM (Institute of Medicine) and NRC (National Research Council)","year":"2009","unstructured":"IOM (Institute of Medicine) and NRC (National Research Council). Weight gain during pregnancy: reexamining the guidelines. Washington: The National Academies Press; 2009."},{"key":"310_CR3","first-page":"217","volume":"48","author":"B Luke","year":"2003","unstructured":"Luke B, Hediger ML, Nugent C, Newman RB, Mauldin JG, Witter FR, et al. Body mass index\u2013specific weight gains associated with optimal birth weights in twin pregnancies. J Reprod Med. 2003;48:217\u201324.","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"310_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.10.414","volume":"195","author":"W Goodnight","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodnight W, Hill E, Newman R, Rowland A. Achieving maternal BMI-specific weight gain goals improves birthweight and gestational age at delivery in twin pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:S121.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR5","unstructured":"Monga M. Maternal cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal adaptation to pregnancy. In: Resnick R, Lockwood CJ, Moore T, Greene MF, Copel J, Silver RM, editors. Maternal Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice: Elsevier; 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(99)70662-9","volume":"180","author":"PM Catalono","year":"1999","unstructured":"Catalono PM, Huston L, Amini SB, Kalhan SC. Longitudinal changes in glucose metabolism in obese women with normal glucose tolerance and gestational diabetes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999 Apr;180(4):903\u201316.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1385\/ENDO:19:1:103","volume":"19","author":"L Myatt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Myatt L. Role of placenta in preeclampsia. Endocrine. 2002;19(1):103\u201311.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.6.1078","volume":"79","author":"NF Butte","year":"2004","unstructured":"Butte NF, Wong WW, Treuth MS, Ellis KJ, O'Brian Smith E. Energy requirements during pregnancy based on total energy expenditure and energy deposition. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Jun;79(6):1078\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.054","volume":"217","author":"EK Berggren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berggren EK, O'Tierney-Ginn P, Lewis S, et al. Variations in resting energy expenditure: impact on gestational weight gain. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;217(4):445.e1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.054.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00144.x","volume":"63","author":"M Rosello-Soberon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rosello-Soberon M, Fuentes-Chaparro L, Casanueva E. Twin pregnancies: eating for three? Maternal nutrition update. Nutr Rev. 2005;63:295\u2013302.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR11","first-page":"806","volume":"102","author":"NA Kametas","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kametas NA, McAuliffe F, Krampl E, Chambers J, Nicolaides KH. Maternal cardiac function in twin pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(4):806\u201315.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1159\/000086132","volume":"60","author":"S Shinagawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shinagawa S, Suzuki S, Chihara H, Otsubo Y, Takeshita T, Araki T. Maternal basal metabolic rate in twin pregnancy. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2005;60:145\u20138. 21.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy184","volume":"108","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gandhi M, Gandhi R, Mack LM, Shypailo R, Adolph AL, Puyau MR, et al. Estimated energy requirements increase across pregnancy in healthy women with dichorionic twins. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(4):775\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"310_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00596-9","volume":"189","author":"NF Butte","year":"2003","unstructured":"Butte NF, Ellis KJ, Wong WW, Hopkinson JM, Smith EO. Composition of gestational weight gain impacts maternal fat retention and infant birth weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189(5):1423\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-017-0308-3","volume":"14","author":"Y Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Y, Mao J, Wang W, Qiou J, Yang L, Chen S. Maternal fat free mass during pregnancy is associated with birth weight. Reprod Health. 2017;14(1):47.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31827a0052","volume":"121","author":"E Kent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kent E, O'Dwyer V, Fattah C, Farah N, O'Connor C, Turner MJ. Correlation between birth weight and maternal body composition. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(1):46\u201350.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.11.002","volume":"96","author":"R Acosta-Rojas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Acosta-Rojas R, Becker J, Munoz-Abellana B, Ruiz C, Carreras E, Gratacos E, et al. Twin chorionicity and the risk of adverse perinatal outcome. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007;96:98\u2013102.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"310_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(93)90628-V","volume":"169","author":"B Luke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Luke B, Minogue J, Witter FR, Keith LG, Johnson TR. The ideal twin pregnancy: patterns of weight gain, discordancy and length of gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;169:588\u201397.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy180","volume":"108","author":"M Gandhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gandhi M, Gandhi R, Mack LM, Shypailo R, Adolph AL, Puyau MR, et al. Impact of changes in maternal body composition on birth weight and neonatal fat mass in dichorionic twin pregnancies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;108(4):716\u201321.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"310_CR20","unstructured":"Viswanathan M., A. M. Siega-Riz, M.-K. Moos, A. Deierlein, S. Mumford, J. Knaack, P. Thieda, L. J. Lux and K. N. Lohr. Outcomes of maternal weight gain, evidence report\/technology assessment no. 168. (prepared by RTI International-University of North Carolina evidence-based practice center under contract no. 290-02-0016.) AHRQ publication no. 08-E-09. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2008."},{"issue":"21","key":"310_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3635","volume":"317","author":"RF Goldstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u2022 Goldstein RF, Abell SK, Ranasinha S, Misso M, Boyle JA, Black MH, et al. Association of gestational weight gain with maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2017;317(21):2207\u201325 In this systematic review and meta-analysis, over a million pregnant women were evaluated on weight gain based on the IOM 2009 weight gain guidelines and showed a higher risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes if gestational weight gain did not meet recommended guidelines.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"310_CR22","first-page":"147","volume":"34","author":"KE Hannaford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hannaford KE, Tuuli MG, Odibo L, Macones GA, Odibo AO. Gestational weight gain: association with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am J Perinatol. 2017;34(2):147\u201354.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.027","volume":"212","author":"YN Truong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Truong YN, Yee LM, Caughey AB, Cheng YW. Weight gain in pregnancy: does the Institute of Medicine have it right? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;212(3):362.e1\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.07.002","volume":"201","author":"AM Siega-Riz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Siega-Riz AM, Viswanathan M, Moos MK, Deierlein A, Mumford S, Knaack J, et al. A systematic review of outcomes of maternal weight gain according to the Institute of Medicine recommendations: birthweight, fetal growth, and postpartum weight retention. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201:339.e1\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"310_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1747-5","volume":"19","author":"EM Widen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Widen EM, Factor-Litvak PR, Gallagher D, Paxton A, Pierson RN Jr, Heymsfield SB, et al. The pattern of gestational weight gain is associated with changes in maternal body composition and neonatal size. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19(10):2286\u201394.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1818","volume":"87","author":"BH Wrotniak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wrotniak BH, Shults J, Butts S, Stettler N. Gestational weight gain and risk of overweight in the offspring at age 7 y in a multicenter, multiethnic cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(6):1818\u201324.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"310_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oken, et al. Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring weight in adolescence. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(5):999\u20131006.","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31818a5d50"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803582","volume":"31","author":"P Moreira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moreira P, Padez C, Mourao-Carvalhal I, Rosado V. Maternal weight gain during pregnancy and overweight in Portuguese children. Int J Obes (London). 2007;31(4):608\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (London)"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002854","volume":"132","author":"MA Kominiarek","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u2022 Kominiarek MA, Saade G, Mele L, Bailit J, Reddy UM, Wapner RJ, et al. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Association Between Gestational Weight Gain and Perinatal Outcomes. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(4):875\u201381 In this large cohort of almost 30,000 women, gestational weight gain above and below the IOM 2009 guidelines were associated with maternal and neonatal complications.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0318-4","volume":"15","author":"A Langford","year":"2011","unstructured":"Langford A, Joshu C, Chang JJ, Myles T, Leet T. Does gestational weight gain affect the risk of adverse maternal and infant outcomes in overweight women? Matern Child Health J. 2011;15:860\u20135.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"key":"310_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/87.6.1750","volume":"87","author":"EA Nohr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nohr EA, Vaeth M, Baker JL, Sorensen TI, Olsen J, Rasmussen KM. Combined associations of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with the outcome of pregnancy [published erratum appears in am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:1705]. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1750\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"310_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.03.002","volume":"93","author":"M Cedergren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cedergren M. Effects of gestational weight gain and body mass index on obstetric outcome in Sweden. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2006;93:269\u201374. 7.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"310_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2009.28026","volume":"90","author":"A Beyerlein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beyerlein A, Schiessl B, Lack N, von Kries R. Optimal gestational weight gain ranges for the avoidance of adverse birth weight outcomes: a novel approach. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90:1552\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(95)00446-7","volume":"87","author":"LE Edwards","year":"1996","unstructured":"Edwards LE, Hellerstedt WL, Alton IR, Story M, Himes JH. Pregnancy complications and birth outcomes in obese and normal-weight women: effects of gestational weight change. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(3):389\u201394.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.06.051","volume":"191","author":"W Kabiru","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kabiru W, Raynor BD. Obstetric outcomes associated with increase in BMI category during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(3):928\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR36","first-page":"181","volume":"56","author":"EC Kieffer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kieffer EC, Carman WJ, Gillespie BW, Nolan GH, Worley SE, Guzman JR. Obesity and gestational diabetes among African-American women and Latinas in Detroit: implications for disparities in women\u2019s health. J Am Med Women\u2019s Assoc. 2001;56(4):181\u20137 196.","journal-title":"J Am Med Women\u2019s Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.017","volume":"195","author":"TM Saldana","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saldana TM, Siega-Riz AM, Adair LS, Suchindran C. The relationship between pregnancy weight gain and glucose tolerance status among black and white women in Central North Carolina. Am J Obstet and Gynecol. 2006;195(6):1629\u201335.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet and Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000278819.17190.87","volume":"110","author":"DW Kiel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kiel DW, Dodson EA, Artal R, Boehmer TK, Leet TL. Gestational weight gain and pregnancy outcomes in obese women: how much is enough? Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(4):752\u20138.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000284451.37882.85","volume":"110","author":"SR DeVader","year":"2007","unstructured":"DeVader SR, Neeley HL, Myles TD, Leet TL. Evaluation of gestational weight gain guidelines for women with normal prepregnancy body mass index. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(4):745\u201351.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-201","volume":"14","author":"M Haugen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haugen M, Brants\u00e6ter AL, Winkvist A, Lissner L, Alexander J, Oftedal B, et al. Associations of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with pregnancy outcome and postpartum weight retention: a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:201.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"12","key":"310_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e82310","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082310","volume":"8","author":"N Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li N, Liu E, Guo J, Pan L, Li B, Wang P, et al. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcomes. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e82310.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"310_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31828aea03","volume":"121","author":"J Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson J, Clifton RG, Roberts JM, Myatt L, Hauth JC, Spong CY, et al. Pregnancy outcomes with weight gain above or below the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;121(5):969\u201375.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"310_CR43","first-page":"245","volume":"100","author":"BL Rooney","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rooney BL, Schauberger CW. Excess pregnancy weight gain and long-term obesity: one decade later. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100(2):245\u201352.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000185480.09068.4a","volume":"106","author":"BL Rooney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rooney BL, Schauberger CW, Mathiason MA. Impact of perinatal weight change on long-term obesity and obesity-related illnesses. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;106(6):1349\u201356.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"310_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.149","volume":"15","author":"A Amorim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amorim A, Rossner RS, Neovius M, Lourenco PM, Linne Y. Does excess pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI? Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(5):1278\u201386.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"4","key":"310_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.177","volume":"34","author":"LM Bodnar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bodnar LM, Pugh SJ, Abrams B, Himes KP, Hutcheon JA. Gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies and maternal and child health: a systematic review. J Perinatol. 2014;34(4):252\u201363.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"310_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1645-5","volume":"18","author":"P Algeri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Algeri P, Pelizzoni F, Bernasconi DP, Russo F, Incerti M, Cozzolino S, et al. Influence of weight gain, according to Institute of Medicine 2009 recommendation, on spontaneous preterm delivery in twin pregnancies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;18(1):6.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"310_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8342","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.911784","volume":"24","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Wen L, Zheng Y, Zhou W, Mei L, Li H, et al. Association between gestational weight gain and pregnancy complications or adverse delivery outcomes in Chinese Han Dichorionic twin pregnancies: validation of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:8342\u20137.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"5","key":"310_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318232125d","volume":"118","author":"NS Fox","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fox NS, Saltzman DH, Kurtz H, Rebarber A. Excessive weight gain in term twin pregnancies: examining the 2009 Institute of Medicine definitions. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118(5):1000\u20134.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.237","volume":"35","author":"AK Lal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lal AK, Kominiarek MA. Weight gain in twin gestations: are the Institute of Medicine guidelines optimal for neonatal outcomes? J Perinatol. 2015;35(6):405\u201310.","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"310_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2134-6","volume":"21","author":"T Ozcan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ozcan T, Bacak SJ, Zozzaro-Smith P, Li D, Sagcan S, Seligman N, et al. Assessing weight gain by the 2009 Institute of Medicine Guidelines and Perinatal Outcomes in twin pregnancy. Matern Child Health J. 2017;21(3):509\u201315.","journal-title":"Matern Child Health J"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2013.836177","volume":"27","author":"AA Shamshirsaz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shamshirsaz AA, Haeri S, Ravangard SF, Sangi-Haghpeykar H, Gandhi M, Ozhand A, et al. Perinatal outcomes based on the institute of medicine guidelines for weight gain in twin pregnancies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2014;27(6):552\u20136.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"310_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1304824","volume":"29","author":"VH Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintero","year":"2012","unstructured":"\u2022 Gonz\u00e1lez-Quintero VH, Kathiresan AS, Tudela FJ, Rhea D, Desch C, Istwan N. The association of gestational weight gain per institute of medicine guidelines and prepregnancy body mass index on outcomes of twin pregnancies. Am J Perinatol. 2012;29(6):435\u201340 Studies on weight gain guidelines in twin gestations are not as rigorous as those in singleton gestations, but this study had one of the larger cohorts of over 5000 twin gestations that supports evidence of lower gestational weight gain associated with higher rates of preterm birth.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"key":"310_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.01.010","volume":"234","author":"O P\u00e9cheux","year":"2019","unstructured":"P\u00e9cheux O, Garabedian C, Drumez E, Mizrahi S, Cordiez S, Deltombe S, et al. Maternal and neonatal outcomes according to gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies: Are the Institute of Medicine guidelines associated with better outcomes? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;234:190\u20134.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"310_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199803000-00011","volume":"41","author":"B Luke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Luke B. What is the influence of maternal weight gain on the fetal growth of twins. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998;41:57\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181bb14c8","volume":"114","author":"W Goodnight","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodnight W, Newman RB. Optimal nutrition for improved twin outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;114:1121\u201334.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"310_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2182","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1079613","volume":"29","author":"KE Pettit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pettit KE, Lacoursiere DY, Schrimmer DB, Alblewi H, Moore TR, Ramos GA. Maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with twin pregnancies with excessive gestational weight gain. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(13):2182\u20135.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"310_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.10.271","volume":"195","author":"B Luke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Luke B, Hediger ML, Min L, Nugent C, Newman RB, Hankins GD, et al. The effect of weight gain by 20 weeks\u2019 gestation on twin birthweight and maternal postpartum weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006;195:S85.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"310_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.149","volume":"15","author":"A Amorim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Amorim A, Rossner S, Neovius M, Lourenco PM, Linne Y. Does excessive pregnancy weight gain constitute a major risk for increasing long-term BMI. Obesity. 2007;15:1278\u201386.","journal-title":"Obesity"}],"container-title":["Current Nutrition Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13668-020-00310-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13668-020-00310-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13668-020-00310-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T04:49:14Z","timestamp":1622522954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13668-020-00310-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["310"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13668-020-00310-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2161-3311"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2161-3311","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"Manisha Gandhi declares that she has no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}