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This review summarizes recent findings on the diagnosis, prevalence, health impacts, and treatment of SO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Growing evidence suggests SO exacerbates cardiometabolic risk and adverse health outcomes beyond either condition alone; however, the heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the observational nature of most studies prohibit the evaluation of a causal relationship. This is concerning given that SO is increasing with the aging population, although that is also difficult to assess accurately given wide-ranging prevalence estimates. A recent consensus definition proposed by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism and the European Association for the Study of Obesity provides a framework of standardized criteria to diagnose SO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adopting uniform diagnostic criteria for SO will enable more accurate characterization of prevalence and cardiometabolic risk moving forward. Although current management revolves around diet for weight loss coupled with resistance training to mitigate further muscle loss, emerging pharmacologic therapies have shown promising results. As the global population ages, diagnosing and managing SO will become imperative to alleviate the cardiovascular burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-024-00571-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T06:02:14Z","timestamp":1715839334000},"page":"532-544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: An Overlooked but High-Risk Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2579-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeid","family":"Mirzai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Batsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Kritchevsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dalane W.","family":"Kitzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"571_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00847-5","volume":"20","author":"PL Valenzuela","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Castillo-Garc\u00eda A, Lieberman DE, Santos-Lozano A, Lucia A. 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Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (P30 AG21332). Saeid Mirzai is supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (T32HL076132). John Batsis is supported, in part, by the National Institute on Aging of the NIH (R01-AG-077163). Dalane Kitzman is supported, in part, by the Kermit Glenn Phillips II Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine; NIH grants U01AG076928, R01AG078153, R01AG045551, R01AG18915, and U01HL160272; and grant funding from Novartis, Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Rivus, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Financial Support"}},{"value":"Dalane Kitzman reports receiving honoraria as a consultant for Bayer, Corvia Medical, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ketyo, Rivus, Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Novartis and stock ownership in Gilead Sciences. Michael Shapiro has participated in scientific advisory boards with Amgen, Ionis, Novartis, and Precision BioScience and has served as a consultant for Ionis, Novartis, Regeneron, EmendoBio, and Aidoc.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}