{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T19:25:52Z","timestamp":1784748352333,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Curr Obes Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose of Review<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community-based interventions (CBIs) are widely used to address behavioral risk factors for non-communicable diseases, yet evidence of their effectiveness in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains limited. This study systematically reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of CBIs promoting physical activity (PA) and\/or reducing sedentary behavior (SB) among community-dwelling adults in LMICs. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library (2000\u20132024) for CBIs in LMICs. Primary outcomes were changes in PA and\/or SB. Descriptive and graphical depictions were used to draw inferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Recent Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We selected 24 studies (11 RCTs) from 15,396 for review. Most studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200916) reported significant improvements in PA outcomes. Changes were observed in Metabolic Equivalents (+\u2009100 - +2,700), moderate-to-vigorous PA (+\u20097 to +\u200960\u00a0min\/week), and steps\/day (+\u20093,000). Broadly, interventions were delivered using digital\/technology format (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200910), peer-led\/community health worker-facilitated (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098), and Environmental restructuring (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096), with the digital interventions depicting the most consistent significant improvements. Two studies directly measured SB as a primary outcome. Short- (\u2264\u20096 months;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200911) and medium-duration (6\u201312 months;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094) interventions more frequently reported significant PA improvements than long-duration interventions (&gt;\u200912 months;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099). PA\/SB-focused CBI demonstrated proportions of significant effects similar to those of broader lifestyle interventions (88.9% and 53.3%, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBIs can be effective in improving PA in LMICs, although evidence is heterogeneous and SB is less addressed. Digital interventions show more consistent positive signals, but high heterogeneity in studies precludes firm conclusions. The impact of duration on effectiveness looks counterintuitive but underscores the need for more rigorous evaluation of longer-duration interventions and SB outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>PROSPERO registration number:<\/jats:bold>\n                      CRD42024579461.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T06:32:51Z","timestamp":1784701971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Systematic Review of Community-based Interventions to Promote Physical Activity or Reduce Sedentary Behavior among Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1787-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madhur","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gursimer","family":"Jeet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Bosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"741_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2017.03.015","volume":"121","author":"M Lopreite","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lopreite M, Mauro M. The effects of population ageing on health care expenditure: A Bayesian VAR analysis using data from Italy. Health Policy (New York). 2017;121(6):663\u201374.","journal-title":"Health Policy (New York)"},{"key":"741_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574111","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.574111","volume":"8","author":"A Budreviciute","year":"2020","unstructured":"Budreviciute A, Damiati S, Sabir DK, Onder K, Schuller-Goetzburg P, Plakys G, et al. Management and prevention strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and their risk factors. Front Public Heal. 2020;8:574111.","journal-title":"Front Public Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2019.08.006","volume":"1","author":"E Anderson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson E, Durstine JL. Physical activity, exercise, and chronic diseases: A brief review. Sport Med Heal Sci. 2019;1(1):3\u201310.","journal-title":"Sport Med Heal Sci"},{"key":"741_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panahi S, Tremblay A. Sedentariness and health: is sedentary behavior more than just physical inactivity? Front Public Heal. 2018;6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00258"},{"issue":"10","key":"741_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30381-4","volume":"6","author":"D Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding D. Surveillance of global physical activity: progress, evidence, and future directions. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6(10):e1046\u20137.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"741_CR6","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour at a glance [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 Jan 8]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/337001\/9789240014886-eng.pdf?sequence=1"},{"issue":"8","key":"741_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1232","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00150-5","volume":"12","author":"T Strain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Strain T, Flaxman S, Guthold R, Semenova E, Cowan M, Riley LM, et al. National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 507 population-based surveys with 5\u00b77 million participants. Lancet Glob Heal. 2024;12(8):e1232\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"key":"741_CR8","unstructured":"World Heath Organization-EMRO. Physical activity [Internet]. Health education and promotion. 2026 [cited 2026 Jul 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.emro.who.int\/health-education\/physical-activity\/background.html"},{"key":"741_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wanjau MN, Dalugoda Y, Oberai M, M\u00f6ller H, Standen C, Haigh F et al. Does active transport displace other physical activity? A systematic review of the evidence. J Transp Heal. 2023;31(May).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2023.101631"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-023-01989-1","volume":"22","author":"X Hunt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hunt X, Hameed S, Tetali S, Ngoc LA, Ganle J, Huq L, et al. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on access to healthcare among people with disabilities: evidence from six low- and middle-income countries. Int J Equity Health. 2023;22(1):172.","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"key":"741_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ominyi J, Clifton A, Cushen-Brewster N. Long-term effectiveness of physical activity interventions for adults across income contexts: a systematic review of strategies and outcome. Bull Fac Phys Ther. 2024;29(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s43161-024-00257-9"},{"issue":"9838","key":"741_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60816-2","volume":"380","author":"GW Heath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Heath GW, Parra DC, Sarmiento OL, Andersen LB, Owen N, Goenka S, et al. Evidence-based intervention in physical activity: lessons from around the world. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):272\u201381.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"741_CR13","unstructured":"International Society for Physical Activity and Health (ISPAH). ISPAH\u2019s eight investments that work for physical activity [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2025 Sep 28]. Available from: https:\/\/ispah.org\/resources\/key-resources\/8-investments\/"},{"issue":"10 October","key":"741_CR14","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"EA Nash","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nash EA, Critchley JA, Pearson F, Awad SF, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abu-Hijleh FM, et al. A systematic review of interventions to promote physical activity in six Gulf countries. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(10 October):1\u201320.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"741_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farahani LA, Asadi-Lari M, Mohammadi E, Parvizy S, Haghdoost AA, Taghizadeh Z. Community-based physical activity interventions among women: A systematic review. BMJ Open 2015;5(4).","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007210"},{"key":"741_CR16","unstructured":"Shrestha R, Paudel S, Adhikari TB, Khatri B, Adhikari S, Neupane D et al. Effectiveness of physical activity promotion interventions in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2026;1\u201314."},{"key":"741_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"2015","author":"PR Baker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baker PR, Francis DP, Soares J, Weightman AL, Foster C. Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015:1.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"741_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000740","volume":"90","author":"AM Sweeney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sweeney AM, Wilson DK, Van Horn ML, Zarrett N, Resnicow K, Brown A, et al. Results from developing real incentives and volition for exercise (DRIVE): A pilot randomized controlled trial for promoting physical activity in African American women. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2022;90(10):747\u201359.","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"741_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1007\/s41999-022-00682-w","volume":"13","author":"X Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai X, Qiu S, Luo D, Li R, Liu C, Lu Y, et al. Effects of peer support and mobile application-based walking programme on physical activity and physical function in rural older adults: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Eur Geriatr Med. 2022;13(5):1187\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"741_CR20","first-page":"CD010393","volume":"2013","author":"J Richards","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richards J, Thorogood M, Hillsdon M, Foster C. Face-to-face versus remote and web 2.0 interventions for promoting physical activity. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2013;2013(9):CD010393.","journal-title":"Cochrane database Syst Rev"},{"key":"741_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parascandola M, Neta G, Salloum RG, Shelley D, Rositch AF. Role of local evidence in transferring evidence-based interventions to low- and middle-income country settings: application to global cancer prevention and control. JCO Glob Oncol. 2022;(8).","DOI":"10.1200\/GO.22.00054"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8603-8-11","volume":"8","author":"G Yamey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yamey G. What are the barriers to scaling up health interventions in low and middle income countries? A qualitative study of academic leaders in implementation science. Global Health. 2012;8(1):11.","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"741_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab087","volume":"42","author":"A Holtermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Holtermann A, Schnohr P, Nordestgaard BG, Marott JL. The physical activity paradox in cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: the contemporary Copenhagen general population study with 104 046 adults. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(15):1499\u2013511.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"MA Beenackers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Beenackers MA, Kamphuis CBM, Giskes K, Brug J, Kunst AE, Burdorf A, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in occupational, leisure-time, and transport related physical activity among European adults: A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012 91. 2012;9(1):1\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012 91"},{"issue":"3","key":"741_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001501","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-001501","volume":"4","author":"H Elsey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elsey H, Agyepong I, Huque R, Quayyem Z, Baral S, Ebenso B, et al. Rethinking health systems in the context of urbanisation: challenges from four rapidly urbanising low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Heal. 2019;4(3):e001501.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Heal"},{"issue":"10","key":"741_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013203","volume":"54","author":"M Justine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Justine M, Azizan A, Hassan V, Salleh Z, Manaf H. Barriers to participation in physical activity and exercise among middle-aged and elderly individuals. Singap Med J. 2013;54(10):581\u20136.","journal-title":"Singap Med J"},{"key":"741_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verma M, Gupta M, Jeet G, Bosma H, Koster A. A systematic review of the community-based interventions to promote physical activity or reduce sedentary behaviour among adults in low- and middle-income countries. [Internet]. PROSPERO Protocol. 2024 [cited 2025 Nov 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/recorddashboard","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4"},{"key":"741_CR28","unstructured":"Eric Metreau, Young KE, Eapen SG. World Bank country classifications by income level for 2024\u20132025 [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2026 Jul 7]. Available from: https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/world-bank-country-classifications-by-income-level-for-2024-2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-5-56","volume":"5","author":"SA Prince","year":"2008","unstructured":"Prince SA, Adamo KB, Hamel M, Hardt J, Connor Gorber S, Tremblay M. A comparison of direct versus self-report measures for assessing physical activity in adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008;5(1):56.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"4","key":"741_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.4.529","volume":"93","author":"KR McLeroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"McLeroy KR, Norton BL, Kegler MC, Burdine JN, Sumaya CV. Community-based interventions. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(4):529\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7651","key":"741_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39490.551019.BE","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ. What is quality of evidence and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ. 2008;336(7651):995\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"741_CR32","unstructured":"Higgins J, Lasserson T, Tovey D, Thomas J. Methodological expectations of cochrane intervention reviews (MECIR) standards for the conduct and reporting of new Cochrane Intervention Reviews, reporting of protocols and the planning, conduct and reporting of updates Flemyng and Rachel Churchill V. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;(March):85."},{"key":"741_CR33","unstructured":"Cochrane methods. RoB 2: A revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials [Internet]. Bias. [cited 2024 Jul 3]. Available from: https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/bias\/resources\/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials"},{"key":"741_CR34","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for methods and tools. Quality assessment tool for quantitative studies [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 Jul 30]. Available from: https:\/\/www.nccmt.ca\/knowledge-repositories\/search\/14"},{"issue":"3","key":"741_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-475X.2004.04006.x","volume":"1","author":"BH Thomas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thomas BH, Ciliska D, Dobbins M, Micucci S. A process for systematically reviewing the literature: providing the research evidence for public health nursing interventions. Worldviews Evidence-Based Nurs. 2004;1(3):176\u201384.","journal-title":"Worldviews Evidence-Based Nurs"},{"key":"741_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell M, McKenzie JE, Sowden A, Katikireddi SV, Brennan SE, Ellis S et al. Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline. BMJ. 2020;l6890.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6890"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16541-7","volume":"23","author":"J Gasana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gasana J, Keeffe TO, Withers TM, Greaves CJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term effects of physical activity interventions on objectively measured outcomes. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"741_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schoeppe S, Alley S, Van Lippevelde W, Bray NA, Williams SL, Duncan MJ et al. Efficacy of interventions that use apps to improve diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour: A systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0454-y"},{"issue":"4","key":"741_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7041720","volume":"7","author":"SN Sweet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sweet SN, Fortier MS. Improving physical activity and dietary behaviours with single or multiple health behaviour interventions? a synthesis of meta-analyses and reviews. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(4):1720\u201343.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"741_CR40","unstructured":"World Heath Organization. Global action plan on physical activity 2018\u20132030: more active people for a healthier world [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2025 Dec 4]. Available from: https:\/\/iris.who.int\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/33339c9c-3a9f-46d4-9f12-ae9ff0dfdc6a\/content"},{"key":"741_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baillot A, Romain AJ, Boisvert-Vigneault K, Audet M, Baillargeon JP, Dionne IJ et al. S <>Kaser editor 2015 Effects of lifestyle interventions that include a physical activity component in class II and III obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 10 4 e0119017.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119017"},{"key":"741_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pazoki R, Nabipour I, Seyednezami N, Imami SR. Effects of a community-based healthy heart program on increasing healthy women\u2019s physical activity: A randomized controlled trial guided by community-based participatory research (CBPR). BMC Public Health. 2007;7.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-216"},{"key":"741_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chao J, Wang Y, Xu H, Yu Q, Jiang L, Tian L et al. The effect of community-based health management on the health of the elderly: A randomized controlled trial from China. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-12-449"},{"issue":"9","key":"741_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2333195","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.33195","volume":"6","author":"N Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li N, Ye Q, Deng Q, Wang Y, Hu J, Li X, et al. Physical activity intervention for leisure-time activity levels among older adults: a cluster randomized trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(9):E2333195.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"741_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1080\/03630242.2017.1342739","volume":"58","author":"Z Gholamnia-Shirvani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gholamnia-Shirvani Z, Ghofranipour F, Gharakhanlou R, Kazemnejad A. Women and active life: An extended TPB-based multimedia software to boost and sustain physical activity and fitness of Iranian women. Women Health. 2018;58(7):834\u201350.","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"741_CR46","first-page":"1438","volume":"68","author":"AR Memon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Memon AR, Masood T, Awan WA, Waqas A. The effectiveness of an incentivized physical activity programme (Active student) among female medical students in Pakistan: A randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2018;68(10):1438\u201345.","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5386-9","volume":"18","author":"LWH Mui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mui LWH, Friedman RH, Lau JTF, Peng J, Abdullah AS. A RCT to evaluate a totally automated, culturally-adapted telephone counselor for increasing physical activity among physically inactive individuals in China. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):785.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"741_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198118820095","volume":"46","author":"ST Meurer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meurer ST, Lopes ACS, Almeida FA, Mendon\u00e7a RD, Benedetti TRB. Effectiveness of the VAMOS strategy for increasing physical activity and healthy dietary habits: a randomized controlled community trial. Health Educ Behav. 2019;46(3):406\u201316.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR49","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"S Mouodi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mouodi S, Hosseini SR, Ghadimi R, Cumming RG, Bijani A, Mouodi M, et al. Lifestyle interventions to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity in middle-age (40\u201360 years) adults: A randomized controlled trial in the North of Iran. J Res Health Sci. 2019;19(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"741_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072507","volume":"17","author":"A Hidrus","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hidrus A, Kueh YC, Norsa\u00e1dah B, Chang YK, Hung TM, Naing NN, et al. Effects of brain breaks videos on the motives for the physical activity of Malaysians with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7):1\u201316.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"741_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3313-5","volume":"16","author":"E Alsaleh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alsaleh E, Windle R, Blake H. Behavioural intervention to increase physical activity in adults with coronary heart disease in Jordan. BMC Public Health. 2016;16:643.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"741_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ansari K, Afshari P, Abedi P, Haghighizadeh M. Comparing the effects of text messaging and mobile social networking on physical activity and anthropometric indices of middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2022;22(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01598-0"},{"issue":"5","key":"741_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/phn.12189","volume":"32","author":"D Anthony","year":"2015","unstructured":"Anthony D, Dyson PA, Lv J, Thankappan KR, Fern\u00e1ndez MT, Matthews DR. Reducing health risk factors in workplaces of low and middle-income countries. Public Health Nurs. 2015;32(5):478\u201387.","journal-title":"Public Health Nurs"},{"key":"741_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baghianimoghaddam MH, Bakhtari-Aghdam F, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Allahverdipour H, Dabagh-Nikookheslat S, Nourizadeh R. The effect of a pedometer-based program improvement of physical activity in tabriz university employees. Int J Prev Med. 2016;MARCH-2016.","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-7802.177897"},{"issue":"4","key":"741_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203356","volume":"68","author":"J Lv","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lv J, Liu QM, Ren YJ, He PP, Wang SF, Gao F, et al. A community-based multilevel intervention for smoking, physical activity and diet: Short-term findings from the community interventions for health programme in hangzhou, China. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2014;68(4):333\u20139.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"741_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1290","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00274-7","volume":"11","author":"L Baldovino-Chiquillo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baldovino-Chiquillo L, Sarmiento OL, O\u2019Donovan G, Wilches-Mogollon MA, Aguilar AF, Florez-Pregonero A, et al. Effects of an urban cable car intervention on physical activity: the TrUST natural experiment in Bogot\u00e1, Colombia. Lancet Glob Heal. 2023;11(8):e1290\u2013300.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.ijph_543_23","volume":"68","author":"YX Cheah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheah YX, Cheah WL, Hazmi H. A multicomponent workplace environmental intervention to promote physical activity among the staff of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. Indian J Public Health. 2024;68(1):66\u201374.","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5025-5","volume":"18","author":"N Peyman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peyman N, Rezai-Rad M, Tehrani H, Gholian-Aval M, Vahedian-Shahroodi M, Heidarian Miri H. Digital Media-based Health Intervention on the promotion of Women\u2019s physical activity: A quasi-experimental study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"741_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2018-0192","volume":"33","author":"N Pentakota","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pentakota N, Ramaswamy G, Thekkur P, Nair D, Chinnakali P, Kumar Saya G. Is a smartphone application effective in improving physical activity among medical school students? Results from a quasi-experimental study. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2021;33(4):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Med Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpvm.IJPVM_378_17","volume":"10","author":"V Mathew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mathew V, Akkilagunta S, Kumar D, Lakshminarayanan S, Kar S. Effectiveness of pedometer-based walking program to improve physical activity of workers in a software industry: An experimental study. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10(1):49.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"741_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.16618.1","volume":"6","author":"E Mathews","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mathews E, Sauzet O, Thankappan KR. Effectiveness of a physical activity intervention program using peer support among sedentary women in Thiruvananthapuram City, India: results of a non-randomized quasi experimental study. Wellcome Open Res. 2021;6:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/14635240.2020.1713188","volume":"59","author":"II Eze","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eze II, Mbachu CO, Azuogu BN, Ossai E, Unah AI, Akamike IC, et al. Effect of on-site behavioural modification intervention on lifestyle risk factors of hypertension among adult market traders in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Int J Heal Promot Educ. 2021;59(1):35\u201349.","journal-title":"Int J Heal Promot Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2010.13504","volume":"6","author":"K Rabiei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rabiei K, Kelishadi R, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadri G, Amani A. Short-term results of community-based interventions for improving physical activity: Isfahan Healthy Heart Programme. Arch Med Sci. 2010;6(1):32\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"741_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.301142","volume":"103","author":"A Torres","year":"2013","unstructured":"Torres A, Sarmiento OL, Stauber C, Zarama R. The ciclovia and cicloruta programs: Promising interventions to promote physical activity and social capital in bogot\u00e1, Colombia. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(2):23\u201330.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"741_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.09.032","volume":"103","author":"EJ Sim\u00f5es","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sim\u00f5es EJ, Hallal PC, Siqueira FV, Schmaltz C, Menor D, Malta DC, et al. Effectiveness of a scaled up physical activity intervention in Brazil: A natural experiment. Prev Med (Baltim). 2017;103:S66\u201372.","journal-title":"Prev Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"741_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518-8787.2021055003236","volume":"55","author":"PH Guerra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guerra PH, Soares HF, Mafra AB, Czarnobai I, Cruz GA, Weber WV, et al. Interven\u00e7\u00f5es educativas para atividade f\u00edsica em adultos brasileiros: revis\u00e3o sistem\u00e1tica. Rev Saude Publica. 2021;55:110.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publica"},{"issue":"6","key":"741_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34882","DOI":"10.2196\/34882","volume":"6","author":"S Paradis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paradis S, Roussel J, Bosson J-L, Kern J-B. Use of smartphone health apps among patients aged 18 to 69 years in primary care: population-based cross-sectional survey. JMIR Form Res. 2022;6(6):e34882.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.050448","volume":"57","author":"JBC de Andrade","year":"2026","unstructured":"de Andrade JBC, Fagundes TP, Katsuyama E, Silva GS. Digital health in low-resource settings: comprehensive challenges and opportunities with a focus on stroke care. Stroke. 2026;57(1):245\u201353.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"741_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12053","DOI":"10.2196\/12053","volume":"21","author":"A Romeo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Romeo A, Edney S, Plotnikoff R, Curtis R, Ryan J, Sanders I, et al. Can smartphone apps increase physical activity? systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(3):e12053.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"741_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.5.578","volume":"6","author":"CE Draper","year":"2009","unstructured":"Draper CE, Kolbe-Alexander TL, Lambert EV. A Retrospective evaluation of a community-based physical activity health promotion program. J Phys Act Heal. 2009;6(5):578\u201388.","journal-title":"J Phys Act Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16049-0","volume":"23","author":"T Haregu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haregu T, Aziz Z, Cao Y, Sathish T, Thankappan KR, Panniyammakal J, et al. A peer support program results in greater health benefits for peer leaders than other participants: evidence from the Kerala diabetes prevention program. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1175.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"10034","key":"741_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01284-2","volume":"387","author":"JF Sallis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sallis JF, Cerin E, Conway TL, Adams MA, Frank LD, Pratt M, et al. Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2016;387(10034):2207\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"Supplement4","key":"741_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv71","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac085","volume":"32","author":"NR den Braver","year":"2022","unstructured":"den Braver NR, Garcia Bengoechea E, Messing S, Kelly L, Schoonmade LJ, Volf K, et al. The impact of mass-media campaigns on physical activity: a review of reviews through a policy lens. Eur J Public Health. 2022;32(Supplement4):iv71\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"741_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2024-0185","volume":"50","author":"MW O\u2019Brien","year":"2025","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien MW, Shivgulam ME, Liu H, Courish MK, Wu Y, Fowles JR, et al. The effectiveness of exercise referral schemes on patient health and their cost: an umbrella review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2025;50:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2018.1488449","volume":"22","author":"ST Leatherdale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leatherdale ST. Natural experiment methodology for research: a review of how different methods can support real-world research. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2019;22(1):19\u201335.","journal-title":"Int J Soc Res Methodol"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04240-6","volume":"23","author":"A Hodkinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hodkinson A, Sulochana HR, Kontopantelis E, Adeniji C, van Marwijk H, McMillan B, et al. Effectiveness of different intervention designs for improving physical activity in adults with cardiometabolic conditions over time: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Med. 2025;23(1):437.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-16541-7","volume":"23","author":"J Gasana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gasana J, O\u2019Keeffe T, Withers TM, Greaves CJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term effects of physical activity interventions on objectively measured outcomes. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):1697.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00957-0","volume":"17","author":"NE Blackburn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blackburn NE, Wilson JJ, McMullan II, Caserotti P, Gin\u00e9-Garriga M, Wirth K, et al. The effectiveness and complexity of interventions targeting sedentary behaviour across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):53.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"741_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-01020-8","volume":"17","author":"UAR Chaudhry","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chaudhry UAR, Wahlich C, Fortescue R, Cook DG, Knightly R, Harris T. The effects of step-count monitoring interventions on physical activity: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based randomised controlled trials in adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):129.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"741_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baker PR, Francis DP, Soares J, Weightman AL, Foster C. Community wide interventions for increasing physical activity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(1).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008366.pub3"},{"key":"741_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Edwardson CL, Biddle SJH, Clemes SA, Davies MJ, Dunstan DW, Eborall H et al. Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2022;e069288.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069288"},{"issue":"5","key":"741_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1931","volume":"35","author":"DW Dunstan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunstan DW, Kingwell BA, Larsen R, Healy GN, Cerin E, Hamilton MT, et al. Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces postprandial glucose and insulin responses. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):976\u201383.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10051","key":"741_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30370-1","volume":"388","author":"U Ekelund","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J, Brown WJ, Fagerland MW, Owen N, Powell KE, et al. Does physical activity attenuate, or even eliminate, the detrimental association of sitting time with mortality? A harmonised meta-analysis of data from more than 1 million men and women. Lancet. 2016;388(10051):1302\u201310.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"741_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00022.2022","volume":"103","author":"AJ Pinto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinto AJ, Bergouignan A, Dempsey PC, Roschel H, Owen N, Gualano B, et al. Physiology of sedentary behavior. Physiol Rev. 2023;103(4):2561\u2013622.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"9838","key":"741_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60646-1","volume":"380","author":"PC Hallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):247\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"741_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827613488867","volume":"7","author":"KR Middleton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Middleton KR, Anton SD, Perri MG. Long-term adherence to health behavior change. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2013;7(6):395\u2013404.","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"741_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130184","DOI":"10.5888\/pcd11.130184","volume":"11","author":"DA Luke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luke DA, Calhoun A, Robichaux CB, Elliott MB, Moreland-Russell S. The program sustainability assessment tool: a new instrument for public health programs. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014;11:130184.","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis"}],"container-title":["Current Obesity Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T08:02:43Z","timestamp":1784707363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13679-026-00741-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2162-4968"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2162-4968","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"61"}}