{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T10:33:59Z","timestamp":1774348439236,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CEN Case Rep"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-026-01100-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T07:42:35Z","timestamp":1774338155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early recognition of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome to prevent irreversible kidney injury: cardiac failure and refractory hypertension as critical clues in young patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8667-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tsiamis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4695-3723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christo","family":"Kole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8645-2102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Stefanou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3623-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Tountas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiras","family":"Theodoros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Liapis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Kitsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.11.004","volume":"36","author":"CL Manrique-Caballero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manrique-Caballero CL, et al. Typical and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in the critically ill. Crit Care Clin. 2020;36(2):333\u201356.","journal-title":"Crit Care Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"1100_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2012.09.006","volume":"126","author":"HM Tsai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tsai HM. Untying the knot of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Med. 2013;126(3):200\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1100_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.060003831.x","volume":"60","author":"P Ruggenenti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ruggenenti P, Noris M, Remuzzi G. Thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic uremic syndrome, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Kidney Int. 2001;60(3):831\u201346.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1100_CR4","first-page":"216","volume":"31","author":"MN Yenerel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yenerel MN. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: differential diagnosis from TTP\/HUS and management. Turk J Haematol. 2014;31(3):216\u201325.","journal-title":"Turk J Haematol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1100_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-11-709865","volume":"129","author":"TS Jokiranta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jokiranta TS. HUS and atypical HUS. Blood. 2017;129(21):2847\u201356.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.09.011","volume":"66","author":"EM Cody","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cody EM, Dixon BP. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019;66(1):235\u201346.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"issue":"10095","key":"1100_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30062-4","volume":"390","author":"F Fakhouri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fakhouri F, et al. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet. 2017;390(10095):681\u201396.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-6-60","volume":"6","author":"C Loirat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Loirat C, Fr\u00e9meaux-Bacchi V. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2011;6(1):60.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1100_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020528","volume":"347","author":"JL Moake","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moake JL. Thrombotic microangiopathies. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(8):589\u2013600.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1100_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.280","volume":"10","author":"M Noris","year":"2014","unstructured":"Noris M, Remuzzi G. Cardiovascular complications in atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2014;10(3):174\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"1100_CR11","first-page":"1154","volume-title":"Renal pathology: with clinical and functional correlations","author":"G Remuzzi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Remuzzi G, Ruggenenti P, Bertani T. Renal pathology: with clinical and functional correlations. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott Company; 1994. p. 1154."},{"issue":"17","key":"1100_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0902814","volume":"361","author":"M Noris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Noris M, Remuzzi G. Atypical hemolytic\u2013uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(17):1676\u201387.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"1100_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208981","volume":"368","author":"C Legendre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Legendre C, et al. Terminal complement inhibitor eculizumab in atypical hemolytic\u2013uremic syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2169\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1100_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12020067","volume":"12","author":"A Joseph","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joseph A, et al. Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a narrative review. Toxins (Basel). 2020;12(2):1\u201346.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010010","volume":"15","author":"Y Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, et al. Diagnosis and treatment for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Toxins (Basel). 2022;15(1):1\u201328.","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"key":"1100_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nester CM, Thomas CP. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: What is it, how is it diagnosed, and how is it treated? Hematol 2010, Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2012;2012(1):617\u2013625.","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation.V2012.1.617.3798924"},{"issue":"11","key":"1100_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.214","volume":"8","author":"J Zuber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zuber J, et al. Use of eculizumab for atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathies. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2012;8(11):643\u201357.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1100_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02210310","volume":"5","author":"M Noris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Noris M, et al. Relative role of genetic complement abnormalities in sporadic and familial aHUS and their impact on clinical phenotype. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;5(10):1844\u201359.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013050453","volume":"25","author":"F Bu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bu F, et al. Comprehensive genetic analysis of complement and coagulation genes in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;25(1):55\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1100_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-008-0872-4","volume":"23","author":"C Loirat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Loirat C, Noris M, Fremeaux-Bacchi V. Complement and the atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 2008;23(11):1957\u201372.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1100_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytaa050","volume":"4","author":"CM Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell CM, et al. Atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: a case report of a rare cause of reversible cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Case Rep. 2020;4(2):1\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1100_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-013-2709-z","volume":"29","author":"H Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu H, et al. Eculizumab in atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome with severe cardiac and neurological involvement. Pediatr Nephrol. 2014;29(6):1103\u20136.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1159\/000545791","volume":"15","author":"E Leventoglu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Leventoglu E, et al. Secondary Cardiorenal syndromes in children: focus on Type 3 to 5 cardiorenal syndrome. Cardiorenal Med. 2025;15(1):358\u201373.","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1100_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000108","volume":"30","author":"P Marzuillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marzuillo P, et al. Acquired long QT syndrome: a focus for the general pediatrician. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2014;30(4):257\u201361.","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1100_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2009.03491.x","volume":"68","author":"EA Dubois","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dubois EA, Cohen AF. Eculizumab. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;68(3):318\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1100_CR26","first-page":"446","volume":"34","author":"FY Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen FY, Chen CH, Lin CC. Hypertensive crisis and refractory hypertension caused by atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and effect of eculizumab. Acta Cardiol Sin. 2018;34(5):446\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol Sin"},{"issue":"5","key":"1100_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.02.019","volume":"118","author":"AS Gami","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gami AS, et al. Incidence and prognosis of acute heart failure in the thrombotic microangiopathies. Am J Med. 2005;118(5):544\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.03.246","volume":"67","author":"CM Nester","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nester CM, et al. Atypical aHUS: state of the art. Mol Immunol. 2015;67(1):31\u201342.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1100_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.423","volume":"87","author":"C Licht","year":"2015","unstructured":"Licht C, et al. Efficacy and safety of eculizumab in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome from 2-year extensions of phase 2 studies. Kidney Int. 2015;87(5):1061\u201373.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1100_CR30","first-page":"327980","volume":"2015","author":"JL Vaughn","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaughn JL, Moore JM, Cataland SR. Acute systolic heart failure associated with complement-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Case Rep Hematol. 2015;2015(1):327980.","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1100_CR31","first-page":"305","volume":"15","author":"C Filip","year":"2020","unstructured":"Filip C, et al. Cardiovascular complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Maedica (Bucur). 2020;15(3):305\u20139.","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1100_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.04.026","volume":"7","author":"E Ivanova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ivanova E, et al. POS-008 extrarenal manifestations of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: cardiac and lung involvement. Kidney Int Rep. 2022;7(6):S440.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"}],"container-title":["CEN Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01100-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01100-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01100-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T07:42:37Z","timestamp":1774338157000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01100-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01100-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-4449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-4449","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflicts of interest. All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This is a review article; no informed consent is applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}],"article-number":"62"}}