{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:57:54Z","timestamp":1781647074810,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006507","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006507","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CEN Case Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is a serious public health problem that mainly affects children. Although rare, the disease affected two children from the Xakriab\u00e1 indigenous community, being the most common cause of acute nephritis in this age group and potentially leading to irreversible kidney damage if not treated promptly. We report two cases of PSGN in indigenous children that occurred in the village of Brejo, municipality of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o das Miss\u00f5es, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cases were identified between August and December 2024. All cases were observed in male rural residents, aged between 8 and 10 years. The cause of the disease was a previous cutaneous infection by\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , confirmed by titration of type O antistreptolysin. The predominant symptoms were hypertension, facial and lower limb edema, microscopic hematuria, and abdominal pain. All cases were treated in a hospital setting and recovered without complications. We recommend that health teams encourage regular hygiene practices and that the government invest in improvements in environmental sanitation to protect the kidney health of this vulnerable indigenous population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13730-026-01101-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T04:17:45Z","timestamp":1775535465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Xakriab\u00e1 indigenous children: case reports"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2435-7576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dilceu Silveira","family":"Tolentino J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilana Danielle Honorato","family":"Veloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maelso Bispo","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiele Bispo","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto Carlos","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliseu Miranda","family":"de Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1101_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ftae024","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftae024","volume":"82","author":"MR Munif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Munif MR, Hart RA, Rafeek RAM, Mallawaarachchi AC, Anderson L, McMillan DJ, Sriprakash KS, Ketheesan N. Mechanisms that potentially contribute to the development of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Pathog Dis. 2024;82:ftae024.","journal-title":"Pathog Dis"},{"key":"1101_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oda T, Yoshizawa N, Yamakami K, Sakurai Y, Takechi H, Yamamoto K, Oshima N, Kumagai H. The role of nephritis-associated plasmin receptor (NAPlr) in glomerulonephritis associated with streptococcal infection. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012;2012:417675.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/417675"},{"issue":"4","key":"1101_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1080\/20469047.2017.1369642","volume":"37","author":"R Balasubramanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balasubramanian R, Marks SD. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis. Paediatrics Int Child Health. 2017;37(4):240\u20137.","journal-title":"Paediatrics Int Child Health"},{"issue":"9217","key":"1101_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02265-0","volume":"355","author":"S Balter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Balter S, Benin A, Pinto SW, Teixeira LM, Alvim GG, Luna E, et al. Epidemic nephritis in Nova Serrana, Brazil. Lancet. 2000;355(9217):1776\u201380.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1101_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008010092","volume":"19","author":"B Rodriguez-Iturbe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Musser JM. O estado atual da glomerulonefrite p\u00f3s-estreptoc\u00f3cica. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:1855\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1101_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106135","volume":"48","author":"BF Anthony","year":"1969","unstructured":"Anthony BF, Kaplan EL, Wannamaker LW, Briese FW, Chapman SS. Attack rates of acute nephritis after type 49 streptococcal infection of the skin and of the respiratory tract. J Clin Investig. 1969;48(9):1697\u2013704.","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"1101_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196710052771403","volume":"277","author":"T Poon-King","year":"1967","unstructured":"Poon-King T, Mohammed I, Cox R, Potter EP, Simon NM, Siegel AC, et al. Recurrent epidemic nephritis in South Trinidad. N Engl J Med. 1967;277:728\u201333.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1101_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1984.19","volume":"25","author":"B Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe","year":"1984","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe B. Epidemic poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int. 1984;25:129\u201336.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1101_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrera J, Rodr\u00edguez-Iturbe B. End-stage renal disease and acute glomerulonephritis in Goajiro Indians. Kidney Int Suppl. 2003;83:S22\u20136.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.63.s83.6.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"1101_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0185","volume":"85","author":"CS Marshall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marshall CS, Cheng AC, Markey PG, Towers RJ, Richardson LJ, Fagan PK, et al. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in the Northern Territory of Australia: a review of 16 years data and comparison with the literature. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;85(4):703\u201310.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1101_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00845","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00845-18","volume":"56","author":"RSLA Torres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torres RSLA, Santos TZ, Bernardes AFL, et al. Outbreak of glomerulonephritis caused by Streptococcus zooepidemicus SzPHV5 Type in Monte Santo de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(10):e00845\u201318.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1101_CR12","unstructured":"Type IIB. Pole of S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o das Miss\u00f5es. Technical Report of the Brejo Mata Fome Indigenous Health Multidisciplinary Team on the outbreak of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children of the Xakriab\u00e1 ethnic group, S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o das Miss\u00f5es, Minas Gerais, 2024. p. 10."},{"key":"1101_CR13","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE). Minas Gerais\/S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o das Miss\u00f5es\/Panorama. 2022. Available from: https:\/\/cidades.ibge.gov.br\/brasil\/mg\/sao-joao-das-missoes\/panorama"},{"key":"1101_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50361","volume":"212","author":"L Davidson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Davidson L, Knight J, Bowen AC. Skin infections in Australian Aboriginal children: a narrative review. Med J Aust. 2020;212:231\u20137.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"1101_CR15","first-page":"229","volume":"90","author":"H Hartman-Adams","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartman-Adams H, Banvard C, Juckett G. Impetigo: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90:229\u201335.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"1101_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2863","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107109","volume":"51","author":"AS Dajani","year":"1972","unstructured":"Dajani AS, Ferrieri P, Wannamaker LW. Natural history of impetigo. J Clin Invest. 1972;51:2863\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1101_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70267-X","volume":"5","author":"JR Carapetis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M. The global burden of group A streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5:685\u201394.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1101_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136789","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136789","volume":"10","author":"AC Bowen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bowen AC, Mahe A, Hay RJ, Andrews RM, Steer AC, Tong SY, Carapetis JR. The global epidemiology of impetigo: a systematic review of the population prevalence of impetigo and pyoderma. PLoS ONE. 2015;10:e0136789.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1101_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-41522008000100009","volume":"13","author":"JL Pena","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pena JL, Heller L. Saneamento e sa\u00fade ind\u00edgena: uma avalia\u00e7\u00e3o na popula\u00e7\u00e3o Xakriab\u00e1, Minas Gerais. Eng Sanit Ambient. 2008;13(1):63\u201372.","journal-title":"Eng Sanit Ambient"},{"key":"1101_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chow A, Leo YS. Surveillance of disease: overview. Int Encycl Public Health. 2017:124\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-803678-5.00439-2","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803678-5.00439-2"},{"issue":"7","key":"1101_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001563","volume":"6","author":"A Mika","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mika A, Reynolds SL, Pickering D, McMillan D, Sriprakash KS, Kemp DJ, Fischer K. Complement inhibitors from scabies mites promote streptococcal growth\u2014a novel mechanism in infected epidermis? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6(7):e1563.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1101_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VanDeVoorde 3. rd. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis: the most common acute glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Rev. 2015;36(1):3\u201312; quiz 13.","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.36.1.3"},{"key":"1101_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361123","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1361123","volume":"15","author":"A Ohashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ohashi A, Murayama MA, Miyabe Y, Yudoh K, Miyabe C. Streptococcal infection and autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1361123.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1101_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04073-8","volume":"26","author":"AK Dhakal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhakal AK, Shrestha DKCD, Yadav SP. A narrative review of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Nepali children. BMC Nephrol 2025;26:142.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR25","first-page":"e56082","volume":"16","author":"P Bajracharya","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bajracharya P, Khadgi A, Shrestha S, et al. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in a pediatric population: a five-year retrospective study. Cureus. 2024;16(3):e56082.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1101_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v11.i5.139","volume":"11","author":"LT Ong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ong LT. Management and outcomes of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children. World J Nephrol. 2022;11(5):139\u201345.","journal-title":"World J Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1101_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.6806e190","volume":"68","author":"J Thorgrimson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thorgrimson J, Kwong JC, Dalcin D. Incidence of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis in Northwestern Ontario: cross-sectional study at a tertiary care centre. Can Fam Physician. 2022;68(6):e190\u20135.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"1101_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.4102\/ajlm.v5i3.471","volume":"5","author":"M Best","year":"2016","unstructured":"Best M, Sakande J. Practical recommendations for strengthening national and regional laboratory networks in Africa in the Global Health Security era. Afr J Lab Med. 2016;5(3):471.","journal-title":"Afr J Lab Med"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1101_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v47i78a07","volume":"47","author":"J Jacob","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacob J, Bocking N, Hummelen R, Poirier J, Kelly L, Madden S, Schreiber Y. The development of a community-based public health response to an outbreak of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in a First Nations community. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2021;47(7\u20138):339\u201346.","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1101_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-013-9681-1","volume":"38","author":"ST Syed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Syed ST, Gerber BS, Sharp LK. Traveling towards disease: transportation barriers to health care access. J Community Health. 2013;38(5):976\u201393.","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1101_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07794.x","volume":"156","author":"MK Basra","year":"2007","unstructured":"Basra MK, Finlay AY. The family impact of skin diseases: the Greater Patient concept. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156(5):929\u201337.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1101_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf130","volume":"40","author":"AK Dhakal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dhakal AK, Shrestha D, Preston R, Lennon R. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children-treatment standard. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2025;40(10):1843\u201353.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"1101_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osman MA, Alrukhaimi M, Ashuntantang GE, Bellorin-Font E, Benghanem Gharbi M, Braam B, Courtney M, Feehally J, Harris DC, Jha V, Jindal K, Johnson DW, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kazancioglu R, Klarenbach S, Levin A, Lunney M, Okpechi IG, Olanrewaju TO, Perl J, Rashid HU, Rondeau E, Salako BL, Samimi A, Sola L, Tchokhonelidze I, Wiebe N, Yang CW, Ye F, Zemchenkov A, Zhao MH, Bello AK. Global nephrology workforce: gaps and opportunities toward a sustainable kidney care system. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2018;8(2):52\u201363.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.10.009"},{"key":"1101_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084848","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1084848","volume":"10","author":"P Seo-Mayer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Seo-Mayer P, Ashoor I, Hayde N, Laster M, Sanderson K, Soranno D, Wigfall D, Brown D. Seeking justice, equity, diversity and inclusion in pediatric nephrology. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:1084848.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"1101_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.478","volume":"81","author":"WE Hoy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoy WE, White AV, Dowling A, Sharma SK, Bloomfield H, Tipiloura BT, Swanson CE, Mathews JD, McCredie DA. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis is a strong risk factor for chronic kidney disease in later life. Kidney Int. 2012;81(10):1026\u201332.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"}],"container-title":["CEN Case Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01101-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01101-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01101-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:33:47Z","timestamp":1781645627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01101-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13730-026-01101-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2192-4449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2192-4449","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"As this is a retrospective study, only de-identified secondary health data were used, from the Technical Report of the Brejo Mata Fome Indigenous Health Multidisciplinary Team. The Research Ethics Committee of the Universidady of Bras\u00edlia waived submission to the National Research Ethics Commission (CONEP), in accordance with item 4 of Resolution 466\/2012 of the National Health Council and Technical Note No. 16\/2020-COGASI\/DASI\/SESAI\/MS, in addition to the oversight provided for in Federal Law No. 8080\/1990. Written informed consente for participation was obtained from the children and from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under 18 years of age. This research was also conducted in accordance with the ethical precepts of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patient\u2019s parents gave written informed consent to publish the data\/image shared in this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"65"}}