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In this study, we investigated the sand fly species and DNA from\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. This entomological\/epidemiological study was conducted in a rural area in Nova Andradina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. From March 2019 to February 2020, five modified Falc\u00e3o light traps were installed at night once a month. The collected insects were separated by sex into pools of 10 specimens. A sample was used for species identification via microscopic analysis, and another sample was used to detect the DNA of\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    in females via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 42,933 insects were collected, 77.6% (n\u2009=\u200933,313) of which were female. A total of 4,993 (11.6%) insects were identified, most were\n                    <jats:italic>Nyssomyia neivai<\/jats:italic>\n                    (n\u2009=\u20094,839; 96.9%). For PCR, 4,130 (9.6%) insects were analyzed, and four pools were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (with a natural infection rate of 0.1%). When the number of sand flies collected and the climatic variables were correlated, a significant difference was detected when precipitation\u2009&gt;\u200960\u00a0mm (p\u2009=\u20090.0314) and relative humidity\u2009\u2264\u200960% (p\u2009=\u20090.0201). The analyzed area is inhabited by one of the main vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil, and we also found that some specimens were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA, which might favor the occurrence of the disease in the region. This information is essential for understanding the dissemination of leishmaniasis and planning actions to prevent in the municipality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13744-026-01424-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:03:14Z","timestamp":1785502994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leishmania spp. DNA in Sand Flies in a Transition Area of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Iara Beatriz Andrade","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio Louveira","family":"Areco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle Lopes","family":"Noia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anibal","family":"Salinas Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamily Fagundes","family":"Pussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhoy Alves","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Tadeu Nunes","family":"Diniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo Silva","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoel Sebasti\u00e3o da Costa","family":"Lima Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5848-670X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herintha Coeto","family":"Neitzke-Abreu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1424_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/S0085-56262013000100016","volume":"57","author":"PS Almeida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almeida PS, Leite JA, Ara\u00fajo AD, Batista PM, Touro RBS, Ara\u00fajo VS et al (2013) Fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in areas with endemic American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. 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