{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:01:38Z","timestamp":1778608898247,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurol Belg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-017-0879-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]],"date-time":"2017-12-29T09:40:39Z","timestamp":1514540439000},"page":"25-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Central nervous system involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: possible role of chronic inflammation and tnf blocker therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Sinem","family":"Sa\u011f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa Serdar","family":"Sa\u011f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Tekeo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayhan","family":"Kamanl\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kemal","family":"Nas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bilgehan Atilgan","family":"Acar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965","volume":"365","author":"IB McInnes","year":"2011","unstructured":"McInnes IB, Schett G (2011) The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 365:2205\u20132219","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100025105","volume":"4","author":"P Watson","year":"1977","unstructured":"Watson P, Fekete J, Deck J (1977) Central nervous system vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Can J Neurol Sci 4:269\u2013272","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"879_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439216","volume":"25","author":"R Paci","year":"1983","unstructured":"Paci R, Giuffrida CM, Marangolo M, Ventura F (1983) Di Paola F (1983) Neuroradiologic picture of cerebral vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroradiology 25:343\u2013345","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"879_CR4","first-page":"19","volume":"32","author":"T Ishizuka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ishizuka T, Suzuki K, Hara M, Kitani A, Kawagoe M, Nakamura H, Tsuchiya K (1992) Detection of intracranial lesions of rheumatoid vasculitis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ryumachi 32:19\u201326","journal-title":"Ryumachi"},{"key":"879_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2005.tb00325.x","volume":"15","author":"V Chowdhry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chowdhry V, Kumar N, Lachance DH, Salomao DR, Luthra HS (2005) An unusual presentation of rheumatoid meningitis. Neuroimaging 15:286\u2013288","journal-title":"Neuroimaging"},{"key":"879_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.02.030","volume":"77","author":"N Caballol Pons","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caballol Pons N, Montal\u00e0 N, Valverde J, Brell M, Ferrer I, Mart\u00ednez-Y\u00e9lamos S (2010) Isolated cerebral vasculitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 77:361\u2013363","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"key":"879_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.09.001","volume":"24","author":"WA Banks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Banks WA, Robinson SM (2010) Minimal penetration of lipopolysaccharide across the murine blood\u2013brain barrier. Brain Behav Immun 24:102\u2013109","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"879_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2002.7871","volume":"174","author":"W Pan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pan W (2002) Kastin, A.J.TNFa transport across the blood\u2013brain barrier is abolished in receptor knockout mice. Exp Neurol 174:193\u2013200","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"879_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.05.044","volume":"189","author":"TL Nishioku","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nishioku TL, Furusho K, Tomita A, Ohishi H, Dohgu S, Shuto H, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y (2011) Potential role for S100A4 in the disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier in collagen-induced arthritic mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroscience. 189:286\u2013292","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"879_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-008-9322-x","volume":"29","author":"TL Nishioku","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nishioku TL, Dohgu S, Takata F, Eto T, Ishikawa N, Kodama KB, Nakagawa S, Yamauchi A, Kataoka Y (2009) Detachment of brain pericytes from the basal lamina is involved in disruption of the blood-brain barrier caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 29:309-316","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"879_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2010.07.035","volume":"482","author":"T Nishioku","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nishioku T, Yamauchi A, Takata F, Watanabe T, Furusho K, Shuto H, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y (2010) Disruption of the blood\u2013brain barrier in collagen-induced arthritic mice. Neurosci Lett 482:208\u2013211","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"879_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4685","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204636","volume":"20","author":"N Ambartsumian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ambartsumian N, Klingelhofer J, Grigorian M, Christensen C, Kriajevska M, Tulchinsky E, Georgiev G, Berezin V, Bock E, Rygaard J, Cao R, Cao Y, Lukanidin E (2001) The metastasis associated Mts1(S100A4) protein could act as an angiogenic factor. Oncogene 20:4685\u20134695","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"879_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3905","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200112210-00010","volume":"12","author":"LL Bao","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bao LL, Zhu Y, Elhassan AM, Wu Q, Xiao B, Zhu J, Lindgren JU (2001) Adjuvant induced arthritis: IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha are up-regulated in the spinal cord. Neuroreport 12:3905\u20133908","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"879_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-011-1795-1","volume":"31","author":"Sherifa A Hamed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamed Sherifa A, Selim Zahra I, Elattar Amal M, Elserogy Yasser M, Ahmed Eman A, Mohamed Hanan O (2012) Assessment of biocorrelates for brain involvement in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 31:123\u2013132","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"879_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2008.04.003","volume":"41","author":"CA Goncalves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goncalves CA, Leite MC, Nardin P (2008) Biological and methodological features of the measurement of S100B, a putative marker of brain injury. Clin Biochem 41:755\u2013763","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"879_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-6194-4","volume-title":"Blood\u2013brain barrier permeability changes after subarachnoid haemorrhage: an update. Clinical implications, experimental findings, challenges and future directions","author":"AF Germano","year":"2001","unstructured":"Germano AF, Tomasello F (2001) Blood\u2013brain barrier permeability changes after subarachnoid haemorrhage: an update. Clinical implications, experimental findings, challenges and future directions. Springer, New York, pp 5\u201318"},{"key":"879_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60826-4","volume":"376","author":"DL Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott DL, Wolfe F, Huizinga TW (2010) Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 376:1094\u20131108","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"879_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084459","volume":"68","author":"G Wells","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wells G, Becker JC, Teng J, Dougados M, Schiff M, Smolen J et al (2009) Validation of the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and European League Against Rheumatism response criteria based on C-reactive protein against disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and comparison with the DAS28 based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Ann Rheum Dis 68:954\u2013960","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"879_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.1999.150","volume":"19","author":"S Al-Rajeh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Al-Rajeh S, Ogunniyi A, Awada A, Daif A, Zaidan R (1999) Preliminary assessment of an Arabic version of the Mini-Mental state examination. Ann Saudi Med 19:150\u2013152","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"879_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6","volume":"12","author":"MF Folstein","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PH (1975) \u201cMini-mental state\u201d. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 12:189\u2013198","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"879_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003004","volume":"45","author":"GM Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim GM, Park KY, Avery R et al (2014) Extensive leukoaraiosis is associated with high early risk of recurrence after ischemic stroke. Stroke 45:479\u2013485","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"879_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.149.2.351","volume":"149","author":"F Fazekas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fazekas F, Chawluk J, Alavi A, Hurtig H, Zimmerman R (1987) MR signal abnormalities at 1.5 T in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia and normal aging. Am J Roentgenol 149:351\u2013356","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"879_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1402-7","volume":"129","author":"A Waisman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Waisman A, Hauptmann J, Rgen T (2015) The role of IL-17 in CNS disease. Acta Neuropathol 129:625\u2013637","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"879_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3567-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"C D\u2019Mello","year":"2009","unstructured":"D\u2019Mello C, Le T, Swain MG (2009) Cerebral microglia recruit monocytes into the brain in response to tumor necrosis factor\u2014signaling during peripheral organ inflammation. J Neurosci 29:2089\u20132102","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"879_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.110.6.875","volume":"110","author":"R Mellor","year":"1959","unstructured":"Mellor R (1959) Cellular origin of rheumatoid factor. J Exp Med 110:875\u2013876","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"879_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-5-786","volume":"90","author":"JA Markenson","year":"1979","unstructured":"Markenson JA, McDougal JS, Tsairis P, Lockshin MD, Christian CL (1979) Rheumatoid meningitis: a localized immune process. Ann Intern Med 90:786\u2013789","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"879_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1266-z","volume":"31","author":"AS Inan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Inan AS, Masatlioglu S, Ozyurek SC, Engin D, Erdem I (2011) Unusual central nervous system involvement of rheumatoid arthritis: success- ful treatment with steroid and azathioprine. Rheumatol Int 31:1383\u20131385","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"124","key":"879_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-012-0995-3","volume":"2012","author":"JL Teeling","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teeling JL, Carare RO, Glennie MJ, Perry VH (2012) Intracerebral immune complex formation induces inflammation in the brain that depends on Fc receptor interaction. Acta Neuropathol 2012(124):479\u2013490","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"879_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37761","volume":"65","author":"J Rech","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rech J, Hess A, Finzel S, Kreitz S, Sergeeva M, Englbrecht M et al (2013) Association of brain functional magnetic resonance activity with response to tumor necrosis factor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 65:325\u2013333","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"879_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69123","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069123","volume":"2013","author":"DT Skelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Skelly DT, Hennessy E, Dansereau MA, Cunningham C (2013) A systematic analysis of the peripheral and CNS effects of systemic LPS, IL. 1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 challenges in C57BL\/6 mice. PLoS One 2013(8):e69123","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"879_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-73","volume":"11","author":"CA Thomson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thomson CA, McColl A, Cavanagh J, Graham GJ (2014) Peripheral inflammation is associated with remote global gene expression changes in the brain. J Neuroinflammation 11:73","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"879_CR32","volume-title":"Tumor necrosis factor inhibition reduces the incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients","author":"R Chou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chou R, Kane M, Ghimire S, Gautam S (2010) Tumor necrosis factor inhibition reduces the incidence of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. American College of Rheumatology, Atlanta"},{"key":"879_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.04.001","volume":"72","author":"ER Detrait","year":"2014","unstructured":"Detrait ER, Danis B, Lamberty Y, Foerch P (2014) Peripheral administration of anti-TNF-alpha receptor fusion protein counteracts the amyloid induced elevation of hippocampal TNF-alpha levels and memory deficits in mice. Neurochem Int 72:10\u201313","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"879_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011774108","volume":"108","author":"A Hess","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hess A, Axmann R, Rech J, Finzel S, Heindl C, Kreitz S et al (2011) Blockade of TNF-alpha rapidly inhibits pain responses in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:3731\u20133736","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"879_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4582","volume":"16","author":"E Kaltsonoudis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kaltsonoudis E, Zikou AK, Voulgari PV, Konitsiotis S, Argyropoulou MI, Drosos AA (2014) Neurological adverse events in patients receiving anti. TNF therapy: a prospective imaging and electrophysiological study. Arthritis Res Ther 16:125","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"879_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2011.1","volume":"7","author":"X Bosch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bosch X, Saiz A, Ramos-Casals M, BIOGEAS Study Group (2011) Monoclonal antibody therapy-associated neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol 7:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"879_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31822b7bb8","volume":"342","author":"K Nozaki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nozaki K, Silver RM, Stickler DE, Abou-Fayssal NG, Giglio P, Kamen DL et al (2011) Neurological deficits during treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists. Am J Med Sci 342:352\u2013355","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"879_CR38","first-page":"671935","volume":"2013","author":"E Andreadou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andreadou E, Kemanetzoglou E, Brokalaki Ch, Evangelopoulos ME, Kilidireas C, Rombos A et al (2013) Demyelinating disease following anti-TNF\u03b1 treatment: a causal or coincidental association? Report of four cases and review of the literature. Case Rep Neurol Med 2013:671935","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol Med"},{"key":"879_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.003602","volume":"45","author":"KS King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King KS, Peshock RM, Rossetti HC, McColl RW, Ayers CR, Hulsey KM et al (2014) Effect of normal aging versus hypertension, abnormal body mass index, and diabetes mellitus on white matter hyperintensity volume. Stroke 45:255\u2013257","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"879_CR40","first-page":"767","volume":"16","author":"SI Bekkelund","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bekkelund SI, Pierre-Jerome C, Husby G, Mellgren SI (1995) Quantitative cerebral MR in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Neuroradiol 16:767\u2013772","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-017-0879-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-017-0879-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-017-0879-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T13:09:32Z","timestamp":1582031372000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13760-017-0879-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-017-0879-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9009","2240-2993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"2240-2993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}