{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T09:30:52Z","timestamp":1780392652757,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurol Belg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01626-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T19:02:44Z","timestamp":1617822164000},"page":"823-836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Non-traumatic pediatric intracranial hypertension: key points for different etiologies, diagnosis, and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nir","family":"Shimony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meleine","family":"Martinez-Sosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooks","family":"Osburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George I.","family":"Jallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1626_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0454-z","author":"R Cadena","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cadena R, Shoykhet M, Ratcliff JJ (2017) Emergency neurological life support: intracranial hypertension and herniation. Neurocrit Care. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-017-0454-z","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196701000-00001","volume":"26","author":"I Klatzo","year":"1967","unstructured":"Klatzo I (1967) Presidental address. Neuropathological aspects of brain edema. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 26(1):1\u201314","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70055-8","volume":"6","author":"JM Simard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Simard JM, Kent TA, Chen M, Tarasov KV, Gerzanich V (2007) Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications. Lancet Neurol 6(3):258\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70055-8","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-015-3001-2","volume":"32","author":"M Steinborn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Steinborn M, Friedmann M, Makowski C, Hahn H, Hapfelmeier A, Juenger H (2016) High resolution transbulbar sonography in children with suspicion of increased intracranial pressure. Childs Nerv Syst 32(4):655\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-015-3001-2","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(97)80033-2","volume":"4","author":"TG Luerssen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Luerssen TG (1997) Intracranial pressure: current status in monitoring and management. Semin Pediatr Neurol 4(3):146\u2013155","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1626_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00935.x","volume":"49","author":"C Wiegand","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wiegand C, Richards P (2007) Measurement of intracranial pressure in children: a critical review of current methods. Dev Med Child Neurol 49(12):935\u2013941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2007.00935.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1626_CR7","first-page":"746","volume":"75","author":"F Sala","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sala F, Abbruzzese C, Galli D, Grimaldi M, Abate MG, Sganzerla EP et al (2009) Intracranial pressure monitoring in pediatric bacterial meningitis: a fancy or useful tool? A case report. Minerva Anestesiol 75(12):746\u2013749","journal-title":"Minerva Anestesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00263831","volume":"7","author":"PD Le Roux","year":"1991","unstructured":"Le Roux PD, Jardine DS, Kanev PM, Loeser JD (1991) Pediatric intracranial pressure monitoring in hypoxic and nonhypoxic brain injury. Childs Nerv Syst 7(1):34\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00263831","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2501-4","volume":"31","author":"FO Odetola","year":"2005","unstructured":"Odetola FO, Bratton SL (2005) Characteristics and immediate outcome of childhood meningitis treated in the pediatric intensive care unit. Intensive Care Med 31(1):92\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-004-2501-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432","volume":"80","author":"N Carney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carney N, Totten AM, O\u2019Reilly C, Ullman JS, Hawryluk GW, Bell MJ et al (2017) Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury, fourth edition. Neurosurgery 80(1):6\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001432","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31823f435c","volume":"13","author":"PM Kochanek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kochanek PM, Carney N, Adelson PD, Ashwal S, Bell MJ, Bratton S et al (2012) Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents\u2014second edition. Pediatr Crit Care Med 13(Suppl 1):S1-82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PCC.0b013e31823f435c","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1626_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyz051","author":"PM Kochanek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Carney N, Totten AM, Adelson PD, Selden NR et al (2019) Guidelines for the management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury, third edition: update of the brain trauma foundation guidelines, executive summary. Neurosurgery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuros\/nyz051","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR13","first-page":"771","volume":"43","author":"D Yildizdas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yildizdas D, Altunbasak S, Celik U, Herguner O (2006) Hypertonic saline treatment in children with cerebral edema. Indian Pediatr 43(9):771\u2013779","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.128888","volume":"141","author":"JP Marcin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marcin JP, Glaser N, Barnett P, McCaslin I, Nelson D, Trainor J et al (2002) Factors associated with adverse outcomes in children with diabetic ketoacidosis-related cerebral edema. J Pediatr 141(6):793\u2013797","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200810040-00002","volume":"10","author":"NA Sherry","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sherry NA, Levitsky LL (2008) Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children and adolescents. Paediatr Drugs 10(4):209\u2013215","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028016628893","volume":"50","author":"S Burgess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burgess S, Abu-Laban RB, Slavik RS, Vu EN, Zed PJ (2016) A systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing hypertonic sodium solutions and mannitol for traumatic brain injury: implications for emergency department management. Ann Pharmacother 50(4):291\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1060028016628893","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200004000-00004","volume":"12","author":"AJ Gunn","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gunn AJ (2000) Cerebral hypothermia for prevention of brain injury following perinatal asphyxia. Curr Opin Pediatr 12(2):111\u2013115","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"4 Pt 1","key":"1626_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.102.4.885","volume":"102","author":"AJ Gunn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gunn AJ, Gluckman PD, Gunn TR (1998) Selective head cooling in newborn infants after perinatal asphyxia: a safety study. Pediatrics 102(4 Pt 1):885\u2013892","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70077-2","volume":"12","author":"PD Adelson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Adelson PD, Wisniewski SR, Beca J, Brown SD, Bell M, Muizelaar JP et al (2013) Comparison of hypothermia and normothermia after severe traumatic brain injury in children (Cool Kids): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 12(6):546\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70077-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-012-1323-3","volume":"154","author":"J P\u00e9rez-Bovet","year":"2012","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Bovet J, Garcia-Armengol R, Bux\u00f3-Pujolr\u00e0s M, Lorite-D\u00edaz N, Narv\u00e1ez-Mart\u00ednez Y, Caro-Cardera JL et al (2012) Decompressive craniectomy for encephalitis with brain herniation: case report and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 154(9):1717\u20131724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-012-1323-3","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198606000-00002","volume":"14","author":"DJ Bohn","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bohn DJ, Biggar WD, Smith CR, Conn AW, Barker GA (1986) Influence of hypothermia, barbiturate therapy, and intracranial pressure monitoring on morbidity and mortality after near-drowning. Crit Care Med 14(6):529\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003246-198606000-00002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"1626_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i22.915","volume":"8","author":"FM Paschoal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paschoal FM, Nogueira RC, Ronconi KA, de Lima OM, Teixeira MJ, Bor-Seng-Shu E (2016) Multimodal brain monitoring in fulminant hepatic failure. World J Hepatol. 8(22):915\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v8.i22.915","journal-title":"World J Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-020-00959-7","volume":"32","author":"AM Cook","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cook AM, Morgan Jones G, Hawryluk GWJ, Mailloux P, McLaughlin D, Papangelou A et al (2020) Guidelines for the acute treatment of cerebral edema in neurocritical care patients. Neurocrit Care 32(3):647\u2013666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-020-00959-7","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"1626_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-1935-4","volume":"29","author":"JM Flores-Cordero","year":"2003","unstructured":"Flores-Cordero JM, Amaya-Villar R, Rinc\u00f3n-Ferrari MD, Leal-Noval SR, Garnacho-Montero J, Llanos-Rodr\u00edguez AC et al (2003) Acute community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults admitted to the intensive care unit: clinical manifestations, management and prognostic factors. Intensive Care Med 29(11):1967\u20131973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-003-1935-4","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60041-3","volume":"108","author":"CL Hsu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hsu CL, Chang CH, Wong KN, Chen KY, Yu CJ, Yang PC (2009) Management of severe community-acquired septic meningitis in adults: from emergency department to intensive care unit. J Formos Med Assoc 108(2):112\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0929-6646(09)60041-3","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9853-y","volume":"19","author":"YB Abulhasan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abulhasan YB, Al-Jehani H, Valiquette MA, McManus A, Dolan-Cake M, Ayoub O et al (2013) Lumbar drainage for the treatment of severe bacterial meningitis. Neurocrit Care 19(2):199\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-013-9853-y","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.012","volume":"12","author":"C Franco-Paredes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franco-Paredes C, Lammoglia L, Hern\u00e1ndez I, Santos-Preciado JI (2008) Epidemiology and outcomes of bacterial meningitis in Mexican children: 10-year experience (1993\u20132003). Int J Infect Dis 12(4):380\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2007.09.012","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1086\/380970","volume":"38","author":"P Lindvall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lindvall P, Ahlm C, Ericsson M, Gothefors L, Naredi S, Koskinen LO (2004) Reducing intracranial pressure may increase survival among patients with bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 38(3):384\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/380970","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199507000-00007","volume":"54","author":"YS Kim","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kim YS, Sheldon RA, Elliott BR, Liu Q, Ferriero DM, T\u00e4uber MG (1995) Brain injury in experimental neonatal meningitis due to group B streptococci. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 54(4):531\u2013539","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.4.0619","volume":"70","author":"RE Breeze","year":"1989","unstructured":"Breeze RE, McComb JG, Hyman S, Gilles FH (1989) CSF production in acute ventriculitis. J Neurosurg 70(4):619\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1989.70.4.0619","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1053\/j.spid.2004.09.007","volume":"16","author":"RJ Whitley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Whitley RJ, Kimberlin DW (2005) Herpes simplex encephalitis: children and adolescents. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 16(1):17\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.spid.2004.09.007","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1626_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02970.x","volume":"17","author":"I Steiner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Steiner I, Budka H, Chaudhuri A, Koskiniemi M, Sainio K, Salonen O et al (2010) Viral meningoencephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management. Eur J Neurol 17(8):999-e57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2010.02970.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814546688","volume":"30","author":"P Singhi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singhi P, Saini AG, Sahu JK, Kumar N, Vyas S, Vasishta RK et al (2015) Unusual clinical presentation and role of decompressive craniectomy in herpes simplex encephalitis. J Child Neurol 30(9):1204\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073814546688","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.68.4.0585","volume":"68","author":"GH Barnett","year":"1988","unstructured":"Barnett GH, Ropper AH, Romeo J (1988) Intracranial pressure and outcome in adult encephalitis. J Neurosurg 68(4):585\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1988.68.4.0585","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1626_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.10.015","volume":"128","author":"MG Safain","year":"2015","unstructured":"Safain MG, Roguski M, Kryzanski JT, Weller SJ (2015) A review of the combined medical and surgical management in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 128:10\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.10.015","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1626_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1733-9","volume":"28","author":"E Granget","year":"2012","unstructured":"Granget E, Milh M, Pech-Gourg G, Paut O, Girard N, Lena G et al (2012) Life-saving decompressive craniectomy for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a child: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst 28(7):1121\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-012-1733-9","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1626_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S60","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.83095","volume":"14","author":"M Alexander","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alexander M, Murthy JM (2011) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: treatment guidelines. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 14(Suppl 1):S60-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-2327.83095","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21388","volume":"30","author":"C Borras-Novell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Borras-Novell C, Garc\u00eda Rey E, Perez Baena LF, Jordan Garcia I, Catella Cahiz D, Cambra F (2015) Therapeutic plasma exchange in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in children. J Clin Apher 30(6):335\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jca.21388","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"issue":"22","key":"1626_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002723","volume":"86","author":"DL Koelman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koelman DL, Chahin S, Mar SS, Venkatesan A, Hoganson GM, Yeshokumar AK et al (2016) Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 228 patients: a retrospective, multicenter US study. Neurology 86(22):2085\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002723","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1626_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.03.004","volume":"111","author":"G Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar G, Kalita J, Misra UK (2009) Raised intracranial pressure in acute viral encephalitis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 111(5):399\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.03.004","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-019-00792-7","volume":"32","author":"U Johansson Kostenniemi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johansson Kostenniemi U, Karlsson L, Silfverdal SA, Mehle C (2020) MeningiSSS: a new predictive score to support decision on invasive procedures to monitor or manage the intracerebral pressure in children with bacterial meningitis. Neurocrit Care 32(2):586\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-019-00792-7","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1626_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.08.003","volume":"73","author":"MW Bijlsma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bijlsma MW, Brouwer MC, Bossuyt PM, Heymans MW, van der Ende A, Tanck MW et al (2016) Risk scores for outcome in bacterial meningitis: systematic review and external validation study. J Infect 73(5):393\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.08.003","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"1626_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000720","volume":"34","author":"D Olson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olson D, Lamb MM, Gaensbauer JT, Todd JK, Halsey NA, Asturias EJ et al (2015) Risk factors for death and major morbidity in guatemalan children with acute bacterial meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 34(7):724\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/INF.0000000000000720","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"8","key":"1626_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2011.652666","volume":"44","author":"T Pelkonen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pelkonen T, Roine I, Monteiro L, Cruzeiro ML, Pitk\u00e4ranta A, Kataja M et al (2012) Prognostic accuracy of five simple scales in childhood bacterial meningitis. Scand J Infect Dis 44(8):557\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365548.2011.652666","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP2683","volume":"19","author":"C Ramos-Estebanez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ramos-Estebanez C, Lizarraga KJ, Merenda A (2014) A systematic review on the role of adjunctive corticosteroids in herpes simplex virus encephalitis: is timing critical for safety and efficacy? Antivir Ther 19(2):133\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3851\/IMP2683","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"1626_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2004.049676","volume":"76","author":"S Kamei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kamei S, Sekizawa T, Shiota H, Mizutani T, Itoyama Y, Takasu T et al (2005) Evaluation of combination therapy using aciclovir and corticosteroid in adult patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76(11):1544\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp.2004.049676","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0713","volume":"4","author":"MT Fitch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fitch MT, van de Beek D (2008) Drug Insight: steroids in CNS infectious diseases\u2014new indications for an old therapy. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 4(2):97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpneuro0713","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/49.3.153","volume":"49","author":"SV Tiroumourougane","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tiroumourougane SV, Raghava P, Srinivasana S, Badrinath (2003) Management parameters affecting the outcome of Japanese encephalitis. J Trop Pediatr 49(3):153\u20136","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"1626_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf116","volume":"125","author":"T Solomon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Thao T, Gainsborough M, Nisalak A et al (2002) Seizures and raised intracranial pressure in Vietnamese patients with Japanese encephalitis. Brain 125(Pt 5):1084\u201393","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.2.412","volume":"48","author":"S Schwab","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schwab S, J\u00fcnger E, Spranger M, D\u00f6rfler A, Albert F, Steiner HH et al (1997) Craniectomy: an aggressive treatment approach in severe encephalitis. Neurology 48(2):412\u20137","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1626_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.06.001","volume":"80","author":"S Shah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shah S, Murthy SB, Whitehead WE, Jea A, Nassif LM (2013) Decompressive hemicraniectomy in pediatric patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: case series and review of the literature. World Neurosurg 80(1\u20132):126\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.06.001","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000209654","volume":"45","author":"MU Farooq","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farooq MU, Abbed KM, Fletcher JJ (2009) Decompressive hemicraniectomy in a 19-month-old female after malignant cerebral infarction. Pediatr Neurosurg 45(2):146\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000209654","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"24","key":"1626_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e25c","volume":"78","author":"SK Gandhi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gandhi SK, McKinney JS, Sedjro JE, Cosgrove NM, Cabrera J, Kostis JB et al (2012) Temporal trends in incidence and long-term case fatality of stroke among children from 1994 to 2007. Neurology 78(24):1923\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318259e25c","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1626_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1863-9","volume":"172","author":"B Simma","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simma B, H\u00f6liner I, Luetschg J (2013) Therapy in pediatric stroke. Eur J Pediatr 172(7):867\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00431-012-1863-9","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"11","key":"1626_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3415","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.564633","volume":"40","author":"N Agrawal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Agrawal N, Johnston SC, Wu YW, Sidney S, Fullerton HJ (2009) Imaging data reveal a higher pediatric stroke incidence than prior US estimates. Stroke 40(11):3415\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.564633","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-837658","volume":"36","author":"M Steinlin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Steinlin M, Pfister I, Pavlovic J, Everts R, Boltshauser E, Capone Mori A et al (2005) The first three years of the Swiss Neuropaediatric Stroke Registry (SNPSR): a population-based study of incidence, symptoms and risk factors. Neuropediatrics 36(2):90\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2005-837658","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000151851.66154.27","volume":"64","author":"S Lanthier","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lanthier S, Armstrong D, Domi T, deVeber G (2005) Post-varicella arteriopathy of childhood: natural history of vascular stenosis. Neurology 64(4):660\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000151851.66154.27","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70036-4","volume":"6","author":"K Vahedi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Juettler E, Vicaut E, George B, Algra A et al (2007) Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 6(3):215\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70036-4","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1626_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-017-3331-9","author":"N Marklund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marklund N (2017) Decompressive craniectomy, ICP monitoring and secondary necrosectomy as treatment options in patients presenting with malignant ischemic infarctions extending beyond the middle cerebral artery territory. Acta Neurochir (Wien). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-017-3331-9","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03775.x","volume":"53","author":"SE Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith SE, Kirkham FJ, Deveber G, Millman G, Dirks PB, Wirrell E et al (2011) Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction in children. Dev Med Child Neurol 53(1):29\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2010.03775.x","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.393","volume":"47","author":"S Schwab","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schwab S, Aschoff A, Spranger M, Albert F, Hacke W (1996) The value of intracranial pressure monitoring in acute hemispheric stroke. Neurology 47(2):393\u20138","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.485235","volume":"38","author":"K Vahedi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vahedi K, Vicaut E, Mateo J, Kurtz A, Orabi M, Guichard JP et al (2007) Sequential-design, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of early decompressive craniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (DECIMAL Trial). Stroke 38(9):2506\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.485235","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70047-X","volume":"8","author":"J Hofmeijer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hofmeijer J, Kappelle LJ, Algra A, Amelink GJ, van Gijn J, van der Worp HB et al (2009) Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery infarction with Life-threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 8(4):326\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70047-X","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00544.x","volume":"6","author":"E J\u00fcttler","year":"2011","unstructured":"J\u00fcttler E, B\u00f6sel J, Amiri H, Schiller P, Limprecht R, Hacke W et al (2011) DESTINY II: DEcompressive Surgery for the Treatment of malignant INfarction of the middle cerebral arterY II. Int J Stroke 6(1):79\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2010.00544.x","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"1626_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1311367","volume":"370","author":"E J\u00fcttler","year":"2014","unstructured":"J\u00fcttler E, Unterberg A, Woitzik J, B\u00f6sel J, Amiri H, Sakowitz OW et al (2014) Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke. N Engl J Med 370(12):1091\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1311367","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.08.049","volume":"83","author":"GA Grant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grant GA (2015) Is there a role for decompressive craniectomy in children after stroke? World Neurosurg 83(1):44\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wneu.2013.08.049","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"1626_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1605215","volume":"375","author":"PJ Hutchinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hutchinson PJ, Kolias AG, Timofeev IS, Corteen EA, Czosnyka M, Timothy J et al (2016) Trial of decompressive craniectomy for traumatic intracranial hypertension. N Engl J Med 375(12):1119\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1605215","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1626_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.8.FOCUS09167","volume":"27","author":"A Filippidis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Filippidis A, Kapsalaki E, Patramani G, Fountas KN (2009) Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: review of the demographics, pathophysiology, current diagnosis, and treatment. Neurosurg Focus 27(5):E3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.8.FOCUS09167","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70029-7","volume":"6","author":"MG Bousser","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bousser MG, Ferro JM (2007) Cerebral venous thrombosis: an update. Lancet Neurol 6(2):162\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70029-7","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1626_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1159\/000111258","volume":"23","author":"G Agnelli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agnelli G, Verso M (2008) Epidemiology of cerebral vein and sinus thrombosis. Front Neurol Neurosci 23:16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000111258","journal-title":"Front Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200108093450604","volume":"345","author":"G deVeber","year":"2001","unstructured":"deVeber G, Andrew M, Adams C, Bjornson B, Booth F, Buckley DJ et al (2001) Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children. N Engl J Med 345(6):417\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200108093450604","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1626_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.06.013","volume":"194","author":"A Sellers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sellers A, Meoded A, Quintana J, Jallo G, Amankwah E, Nguyen ATH et al (2020) Risk factors for pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis: A case\u2013control study with case validation. Thromb Res 194:8\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.thromres.2020.06.013","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1626_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000173152.84438.1c","volume":"36","author":"P Canh\u00e3o","year":"2005","unstructured":"Canh\u00e3o P, Ferro JM, Lindgren AG, Bousser MG, Stam J, Barinagarrementeria F et al (2005) Causes and predictors of death in cerebral venous thrombosis. Stroke 36(8):1720\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000173152.84438.1c","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000117571.76197.26","volume":"35","author":"JM Ferro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferro JM, Canh\u00e3o P, Stam J, Bousser MG, Barinagarrementeria F, Investigators I (2004) Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke 35(3):664\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000117571.76197.26","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR75","first-page":"732","volume":"4","author":"JM Ferro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ferro JM (2006) Causes, predictors of death, and antithrombotic treatment in cerebral venous thrombosis. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 4(10):732\u20133","journal-title":"Clin Adv Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"17","key":"1626_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra042354","volume":"352","author":"J Stam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stam J (2005) Thrombosis of the cerebral veins and sinuses. N Engl J Med 352(17):1791\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra042354","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.02.005","volume":"16","author":"A Lebas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lebas A, Chabrier S, Fluss J, Gordon K, Kossorotoff M, Nowak-G\u00f6ttl U et al (2012) EPNS\/SFNP guideline on the anticoagulant treatment of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children and neonates. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 16(3):219\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2012.02.005","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"1626_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0762","volume":"133","author":"P Monagle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Monagle P, Chalmers E, Chan A, deVeber G, Kirkham F, Massicotte P et al (2008) Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children: American college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 133(6 Suppl):887S-968S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.08-0762","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.189696","volume":"39","author":"ES Roach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roach ES, Golomb MR, Adams R, Biller J, Daniels S, Deveber G et al (2008) Management of stroke in infants and children: a scientific statement from a Special Writing Group of the American Heart Association Stroke Council and the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Stroke 39(9):2644\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.189696","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e31820a8364","volume":"42","author":"G Saposnik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD, Bushnell CD, Cucchiara B, Cushman M et al (2011) Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke 42(4):1158\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STR.0b013e31820a8364","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08543.x","volume":"154","author":"E Chalmers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chalmers E, Ganesen V, Liesner R, Maroo S, Nokes T, Saunders D et al (2011) Guideline on the investigation, management and prevention of venous thrombosis in children. Br J Haematol 154(2):196\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2010.08543.x","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01398.x","volume":"13","author":"K Einh\u00e4upl","year":"2006","unstructured":"Einh\u00e4upl K, Bousser MG, de Bruijn SF, Ferro JM, Martinelli I, Masuhr F et al (2006) EFNS guideline on the treatment of cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis. Eur J Neurol 13(6):553\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2006.01398.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.006","volume":"26","author":"EM Nyberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nyberg EM, Case D, Nagae LM, Honce JM, Reyenga W, Seinfeld J et al (2017) The addition of endovascular intervention for dural venous sinus thrombosis: single-center experience and review of literature. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 26(10):2240\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.05.006","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.615393","volume":"42","author":"JM Ferro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferro JM, Crassard I, Coutinho JM, Canh\u00e3o P, Barinagarrementeria F, Cucchiara B et al (2011) Decompressive surgery in cerebrovenous thrombosis: a multicenter registry and a systematic review of individual patient data. Stroke 42(10):2825\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.615393","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13381","volume":"24","author":"JM Ferro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferro JM, Bousser MG, Canh\u00e3o P, Coutinho JM, Crassard I, Dentali F et al (2017) European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis\u2014endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. Eur J Neurol 24(10):1203\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.13381","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1626_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenberg MS (2016) Handbook of neurosurgery.","DOI":"10.1055\/b-006-149702"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/S031716710002182X","volume":"24","author":"K Gordon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gordon K (1997) Pediatric pseudotumor cerebri: descriptive epidemiology. Can J Neurol Sci 24(3):219\u201321","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjo.2013.09.015","volume":"49","author":"LL Bursztyn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bursztyn LL, Sharan S, Walsh L, LaRoche GR, Robitaille J, De Becker I (2014) Has rising pediatric obesity increased the incidence of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children? Can J Ophthalmol 49(1):87\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcjo.2013.09.015","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1626_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.04.021","volume":"73","author":"N Gillson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gillson N, Jones C, Reem RE, Rogers DL, Zumberge N, Aylward SC (2017) Incidence and demographics of pediatric intracranial hypertension. Pediatr Neurol 73:42\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2017.04.021","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"1626_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.08.010","volume":"66","author":"SC Aylward","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aylward SC, Reem RE (2017) Pediatric intracranial hypertension. Pediatr Neurol 66:32\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.08.010","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.15844\/pedneurbriefs-30-10-2","volume":"30","author":"L Sivaswamy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sivaswamy L (2016) Pediatric intracranial hypertension . Pediatr Neurol Briefs 30(10):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15844\/pedneurbriefs-30-10-2","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol Briefs"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1626_CR92","first-page":"217","volume":"34","author":"NS Dessardo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dessardo NS, Dessardo S, Sasso A, Saruni\u0107 AV, Dezulovi\u0107 MS (2010) Pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension: clinical and demographic features. Coll Antropol 34(Suppl 2):217\u201321","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815587029","volume":"31","author":"SC Aylward","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aylward SC, Aronowitz C, Roach ES (2016) Intracranial hypertension without papilledema in children. J Child Neurol 31(2):177\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073815587029","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-014-0446-z","volume":"18","author":"RM Mallery","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mallery RM, Friedman DI, Liu GT (2014) Headache and the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 18(9):446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-014-0446-z","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"issue":"13","key":"1626_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17","volume":"81","author":"DI Friedman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Friedman DI, Liu GT, Digre KB (2013) Revised diagnostic criteria for the pseudotumor cerebri syndrome in adults and children. Neurology 81(13):1159\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a55f17","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900208","volume":"9","author":"P Babikian","year":"1994","unstructured":"Babikian P, Corbett J, Bell W (1994) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in children: the Iowa experience. J Child Neurol 9(2):144\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088307389400900208","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"1626_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.04.007","volume":"61","author":"SC Aylward","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aylward SC, Waslo CS, Au JN, Tanne E (2016) Manifestations of pediatric intracranial hypertension from the intracranial hypertension registry. Pediatr Neurol 61:76\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2016.04.007","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(98)00386-9","volume":"127","author":"GS Cinciripini","year":"1999","unstructured":"Cinciripini GS, Donahue S, Borchert MS (1999) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in prepubertal pediatric patients: characteristics, treatment, and outcome. Am J Ophthalmol 127(2):178\u201382","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738020170101401","volume":"17","author":"A Kesler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kesler A, Fattal-Valevski A (2002) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in the pediatric population. J Child Neurol 17(10):745\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08830738020170101401","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1626_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000029570.69134.1B","volume":"59","author":"DI Friedman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Friedman DI, Jacobson DM (2002) Diagnostic criteria for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Neurology 59(10):1492\u20135","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"1626_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808318056","volume":"23","author":"SM Standridge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Standridge SM, O\u2019Brien SH (2008) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension in a pediatric population: a retrospective analysis of the initial imaging evaluation. J Child Neurol 23(11):1308\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073808318056","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1626_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2011.12.002","volume":"67","author":"PJ Maralani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maralani PJ, Hassanlou M, Torres C, Chakraborty S, Kingstone M, Patel V et al (2012) Accuracy of brain imaging in the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Clin Radiol 67(7):656\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2011.12.002","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100018643","volume":"41","author":"JA Fraser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fraser JA, Leung AE (2014) Reversibility of MRI features of pseudotumor cerebri syndrome. Can J Neurol Sci 41(4):530\u20132","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193710000-00002","volume":"106","author":"WE Dandy","year":"1937","unstructured":"Dandy WE (1937) Intracranial pressure without brain tumor: diagnosis and treatment. Ann Surg 106(4):492\u2013513","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/97.1.289","volume":"97","author":"I Johnston","year":"1974","unstructured":"Johnston I, Paterson A (1974) Benign intracranial hypertension. I. Diagnosis and prognosis. Brain 97(2):289\u2013300","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"12","key":"1626_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91234-9","volume":"105","author":"LN Johnson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johnson LN, Krohel GB, Madsen RW, March GA (1998) The role of weight loss and acetazolamide in the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri). Ophthalmology 105(12):2313\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(98)91234-9","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR107","first-page":"194","volume":"189","author":"KD McCarthy","year":"1974","unstructured":"McCarthy KD, Reed DJ (1974) The effect of acetazolamide and furosemide on cerebrospinal fluid production and choroid plexus carbonic anhydrase activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 189(1):194\u2013201","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900205","volume":"9","author":"JF Schoeman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schoeman JF (1994) Childhood pseudotumor cerebri: clinical and intracranial pressure response to acetazolamide and furosemide treatment in a case series. J Child Neurol 9(2):130\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/088307389400900205","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1626_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102411424211","volume":"31","author":"SN Deftereos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deftereos SN, Panagopoulos G, Georgonikou D, Karageorgiou CE, Karageorgiou E, Piadites G (2011) Treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: is there a place for octreotide? Cephalalgia 31(16):1679\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0333102411424211","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.544781","volume":"25","author":"K Abubaker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abubaker K, Ali Z, Raza K, Bolger C, Rawluk D, O\u2019Brien D (2011) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension: lumboperitoneal shunts versus ventriculoperitoneal shunts\u2013case series and literature review. Br J Neurosurg 25(1):94\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02688697.2010.544781","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"11","key":"1626_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073815569306","volume":"30","author":"S Ravid","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ravid S, Shahar E, Schif A, Yehudian S (2015) Visual outcome and recurrence rate in children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Child Neurol 30(11):1448\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0883073815569306","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.3.PEDS08355","volume":"4","author":"F Di Rocco","year":"2009","unstructured":"Di Rocco F, Arnaud E, Renier D (2009) Evolution in the frequency of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr 4(1):21\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.3.PEDS08355","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/jpn.JPN_15_17","volume":"12","author":"M LoPresti","year":"2017","unstructured":"LoPresti M, Buchanan EP, Shah V, Hadley CM, Monson LA, Lam S (2017) Complete resolution of papilledema in syndromic craniosynostosis with posterior cranial vault distraction. J Pediatr Neurosci 12(2):199\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jpn.JPN_15_17","journal-title":"J Pediatr Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199209000-00003","volume":"90","author":"DT Gault","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gault DT, Renier D, Marchac D, Jones BM (1992) Intracranial pressure and intracranial volume in children with craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg 90(3):377\u201381","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1982.57.3.0370","volume":"57","author":"D Renier","year":"1982","unstructured":"Renier D, Sainte-Rose C, Marchac D, Hirsch JF (1982) Intracranial pressure in craniostenosis. J Neurosurg 57(3):370\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1982.57.3.0370","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205846011772853","DOI":"10.1177\/2058460117728535","volume":"6","author":"Y Takahashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takahashi Y, Hori M, Shimoji K, Miyajima M, Akiyama O, Arai H et al (2017) Changes in delta ADC reflect intracranial pressure changes in craniosynostosis. Acta Radiol Open 6(9):2058460117728535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2058460117728535","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-011-1615-6","volume":"28","author":"LC Baird","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baird LC, Gonda D, Cohen SR, Evers LH, LeFloch N, Levy ML et al (2012) Craniofacial reconstruction as a treatment for elevated intracranial pressure. Childs Nerv Syst 28(3):411\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00381-011-1615-6","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.8.PEDS1425","volume":"14","author":"SA Wall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wall SA, Thomas GP, Johnson D, Byren JC, Jayamohan J, Magdum SA et al (2014) The preoperative incidence of raised intracranial pressure in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis is underestimated in the literature. J Neurosurg Pediatr 14(6):674\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.8.PEDS1425","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199610000-00007","volume":"39","author":"GF Tuite","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tuite GF, Evanson J, Chong WK, Thompson DN, Harkness WF, Jones BM et al (1996) The beaten copper cranium: a correlation between intracranial pressure, cranial radiographs, and computed tomographic scans in children with craniosynostosis. Neurosurgery 39(4):691\u20139","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1159\/000066311","volume":"37","author":"PK Eide","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eide PK, Helseth E, Due-T\u00f8nnessen B, Lundar T (2002) Assessment of continuous intracranial pressure recordings in childhood craniosynostosis. Pediatr Neurosurg 37(6):310\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000066311","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31815f4015","volume":"19","author":"N Bannink","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bannink N, Joosten KF, van Veelen ML, Bartels MC, Tasker RC, van Adrichem LN et al (2008) Papilledema in patients with Apert, Crouzon, and Pfeiffer syndrome: prevalence, efficacy of treatment, and risk factors. J Craniofac Surg 19(1):121\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31815f4015","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-011-9545-4","volume":"15","author":"JB Rosenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosenberg JB, Shiloh AL, Savel RH, Eisen LA (2011) Non-invasive methods of estimating intracranial pressure. Neurocrit Care 15(3):599\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-011-9545-4","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00001665-199307000-00011","volume":"4","author":"SR Cohen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cohen SR, Dauser RC, Newman MH, Muraszko K (1993) Surgical techniques of cranial vault expansion for increases in intracranial pressure in older children. J Craniofac Surg. 4(3):167\u201376 (discussion 74\u20136)","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/01376517-200104000-00005","volume":"33","author":"A Strayer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Strayer A (2001) Chiari I malformation: clinical presentation and management. J Neurosci Nurs 33(2):90\u20136","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1998.89.2.0212","volume":"89","author":"BJ Iskandar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Iskandar BJ, Hedlund GL, Grabb PA, Oakes WJ (1998) The resolution of syringohydromyelia without hindbrain herniation after posterior fossa decompression. J Neurosurg 89(2):212\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.1998.89.2.0212","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1626_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199905000-00042","volume":"44","author":"TH Milhorat","year":"1999","unstructured":"Milhorat TH, Chou MW, Trinidad EM, Kula RW, Mandell M, Wolpert C et al (1999) Chiari I malformation redefined: clinical and radiographic findings for 364 symptomatic patients. Neurosurgery 44(5):1005\u201317","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000333302.72307.3b","volume":"62","author":"FJ Attenello","year":"2008","unstructured":"Attenello FJ, McGirt MJ, Gathinji M, Datoo G, Atiba A, Weingart J et al (2008) Outcome of Chiari-associated syringomyelia after hindbrain decompression in children: analysis of 49 consecutive cases. Neurosurgery 62(6):1307\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/01.neu.0000333302.72307.3b","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR128","first-page":"47","volume":"100","author":"CA Doberstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doberstein CA, Torabi R, Klinge PM (2017) Current concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of type I Chiari malformations. Rhode Island Med J 100(6):47\u20139","journal-title":"Rhode Island Med J"},{"issue":"8","key":"1626_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2465-x","volume":"157","author":"R Fri\u010d","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fri\u010d R, Eide PK (2015) Comparison of pulsatile and static pressures within the intracranial and lumbar compartments in patients with Chiari malformation type 1: a prospective observational study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 157(8):1411\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2465-x (discussion 23)","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)."},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2669-0","volume":"158","author":"R Fri\u010d","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fri\u010d R, Eide PK (2016) Perioperative monitoring of pulsatile and static intracranial pressure in patients with Chiari malformation type 1 undergoing foramen magnum decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 158(2):341\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00701-015-2669-0 (discussion 6\u20137)","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01626-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01626-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01626-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,7]],"date-time":"2021-08-07T22:11:53Z","timestamp":1628374313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01626-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"references-count":130,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01626-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9009","2240-2993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"2240-2993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Dr. George Jallo has a consulting agreement with Integra. Drs. Shimony, Martinez-Sosa, Osburn have no financial relationships relevant to this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable or needed for this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable or needed for this article","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}