{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:19:42Z","timestamp":1790651982749,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurol Belg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To emphasize physio-pathological, clinical and prognosis differences between conditions causing serious and sometimes very similar clinical manifestations: anti-aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies related diseases, and seronegative NMOSD (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders). \n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on Wingerchuk et al. (Neurology 85:177\u2013189, 2015) criteria for NMOSD and on those more recently proposed by Jarius et al. (J Neuroinflammation 15:134, 2018) for MOGAD (MOG associated disorders), we retrospectively surveyed 10 AQP4-NMOSD, 8 MOGAD and 2 seronegative NMOSD, followed at the specialized neuroimmunology unit of the CHU Li\u00e8ge. \n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Female predominance was only observed in AQP4 group. Age at onset was 37.8 and 27.7 years old for AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD respectively. In both groups, the first clinical event most often consisted of optic neuritis (ON), followed by isolated myelitis. Fifteen of our 20 patients encountered a relapsing course with 90% relapses in AQP4-NMOSD, 62.5% in MOGAD and 50% in seronegative group, and a mean period between first and second clinical event of 7.1 and 4.8 months for AQP4-NMOSD and MOGAD, respectively. In total we counted 54 ON, with more ON per patient in MOGAD. MOG-associated ON mainly affected the anterior part of the optic nerve with a papilledema in 79.2% of cases. Despite a fairly good visual outcome after MOG-associated ON, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness decreased, suggesting a fragility of the optic nerve toward further attacks.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As observed in larger cohorts, our MOGAD and AQP4-NMOSD cases differ by clinical and prognostic features. A better understanding of these diseases should encourage prompt biological screening and hasten proper diagnosis and treatment.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-021-01712-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T09:03:29Z","timestamp":1623056609000},"page":"135-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Comparative study of AQP4-NMOSD, MOGAD and seronegative NMOSD: a single-center Belgian cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5153-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sol\u00e8ne","family":"Dauby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Dive","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Lutteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Andris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Maquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7965-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Lommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1712_CR1","first-page":"1033","volume":"8","author":"E Devic","year":"1894","unstructured":"Devic E (1894) My\u00e9lite subaig\u00fce compliqu\u00e9e de n\u00e9vrite optique. Bull Med 8:1033\u20131034","journal-title":"Bull Med"},{"key":"1712_CR2","unstructured":"Gault F (1894) De la neuromy\u00e9lite optique aigu\u00eb. Lyon"},{"key":"1712_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17551-X","volume":"364","author":"VA Lennon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ et al (2004) A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet 364:2106\u20132112","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1712_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050304","volume":"202","author":"VA Lennon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lennon VA, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ et al (2005) IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. J Exp Med 202:473\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20050304","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1712_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001729","volume":"85","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL et al (2015) International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology 85:177\u2013189","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1712_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8","volume":"6","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF et al (2007) The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 6:805\u2013815","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8596-7","volume":"264","author":"SHM Hamid","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamid SHM, Whittam D, Mutch K et al (2017) What proportion of AQP4-IgG-negative NMO spectrum disorder patients are MOG-IgG positive\u202f? A cross sectional study of 132 patients. J Neurol 264:2088\u20132094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8596-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000742","volume":"25","author":"BEP Flanagan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flanagan BEP (2019) Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and other non-multiple sclerosis central nervous system inflammatory diseases. Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol 25:815\u2013844","journal-title":"Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0256-1","volume":"12","author":"A Pr\u00f6bstel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pr\u00f6bstel A, Rudolf G, Dornmair K et al (2015) Anti-MOG antibodies are present in a subgroup of patients with a neuromyelitis optica phenotype. J Neuroinflammation 12:46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-015-0256-1","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1712_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000101","volume":"82","author":"DK Sato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sato DK, Callegaro D, Lana-peixoto MA et al (2014) Distinction between MOG antibody- positive and AQP4 antibody-positive NMO spectrum disorders. Neurology 82:474\u2013481","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1712_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","volume":"15","author":"M Reindl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reindl M, Waters P (2019) Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in neurological disease. Nat Rev Neurol 15:89\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-018-0112-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001787","volume":"19","author":"M Jurynczyk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jurynczyk M, Jacob A, Fujihara K, Palace J (2019) Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein ( MOG ) antibody-associated disease: practical considerations. Parctical Neurol 19:187\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001787","journal-title":"Parctical Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000543","author":"A Cobo-calvo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cobo-calvo A, Ayrignac X, Kerschen P et al (2019) Cranial nerve involvement in patients with MOG antibody\u2014associated disease. Neurol Neuroinflammation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000543","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1712_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-018-3668-8","volume":"40","author":"Y Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen Y, Cheng Z, Zhou C (2019) Bilateral trigeminal root entry zone enhancement in MOG-IgG-associated brainstem encephalitis. Neurol Sci 40:1083\u20131085","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1712_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007096","volume":"92","author":"PJ Waters","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waters PJ, Komorowski L, Woodhall M et al (2019) A multicenter comparison of MOG-IgG cell-based assays. Neurology 92:E1250\u2013E1255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007096","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1712_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.08.029","volume":"26","author":"E Lommers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lommers E, Depierreux F, Hansen I et al (2018) NMOSD with anti-MOG antibodies following anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy: a case report. Mult Scler Relat Disord 26:37\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.08.029","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"1712_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","volume":"17","author":"AJ Thompson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al (2018) Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 17:162\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12574","volume":"46","author":"VTW Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang VTW, Chang HM (2020) Review: recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 46:199\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nan.12574","journal-title":"Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol"},{"key":"1712_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8635-4","volume":"264","author":"S Mariotto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mariotto S, Ferrari S, Monaco S et al (2017) Clinical spectrum and IgG subclass analysis of anti - myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2014associated syndromes: a multicenter study. J Neurol 264:2420\u20132430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8635-4","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70133-3","volume":"11","author":"MC Papadopoulos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papadopoulos MC, Verkman AS (2012) Aquaporin 4 and neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol 11:535\u2013544","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.045","volume":"286","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM (2009) Neuromyelitis optica: effect of gender. J Neurol Sci 286:18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2009.08.045","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"1712_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx276","volume":"140","author":"M Jurynczyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jurynczyk M, Messina S, Woodhall MR et al (2017) Clinical presentation and prognosis in MOG-antibody disease: a UK study. Brain 140:3128\u20133138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awx276","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1712_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0718-0","volume":"13","author":"S Jarius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Kleiter I et al (2016) MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 2: epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiological and laboratory features, treatment responses, and long-term outcome. J Neuroinflammation 13:280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0718-0","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1712_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1858","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005560","volume":"90","author":"A Cobo-calvo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cobo-calvo A, Ruiz A, Maillart E et al (2018) Clinical spectrum and prognostic value of CNS MOG autoimmunity in adults: the MOGADOR study. Neurology 90:e1858\u2013e1869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005560","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1712_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8147-7","volume":"263","author":"M Sepulveda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sepulveda M, Armangue T, Martinez-Hernandez E et al (2016) Clinical spectrum associated with MOG autoimmunity in adults: significance of sharing rodent MOG epitopes. J Neurol 263:1349\u20131360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-016-8147-7","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5857","volume":"71","author":"J Kitley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitley J, Waters P, Woodhall M et al (2014) Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a comparative study. JAMA Neurol 71:276\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5857","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1159\/000448286","volume":"23","author":"C Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen C, Xiabo S, Yuge W et al (2016) Multiple autoantibodies and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. NeuroImmunoModulation 23:151\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000448286","journal-title":"NeuroImmunoModulation"},{"key":"1712_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2018.11.008","volume":"27","author":"S Shahmohammadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shahmohammadi S, Doosti R, Shahmohammadi A et al (2019) Autoimmune diseases associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 27:350\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2018.11.008","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"1712_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01176-6","volume":"120","author":"T Gkaniatsou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gkaniatsou T, Papadopoulou A, Paul F et al (2020) Frequency of autoimmune disorders and autoantibodies in European patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Acta Neurol Belg 120:223\u2013225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-019-01176-6","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"1712_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520933884","author":"A Kunchok","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kunchok A, Flanagan EP, Snyder M et al (2020) Coexisting systemic and organ-specific autoimmunity in MOG-IgG1-associated disorders versus AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD. Mult Scler J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458520933884","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"1712_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-14","volume":"9","author":"S Jarius","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Wildemann B et al (2012) Contrasting disease patterns in seropositive and seronegative neuromyelitis optica: a multicentre study of 175 patients. J Neuroinflammation 9:14","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1712_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8583-z","volume":"264","author":"\u00c1 Cobo-Calvo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cobo-Calvo \u00c1, Ruiz A, D\u2019Indy H et al (2017) MOG antibody\u2014related disorders: common features and uncommon presentations. J Neurol 264:1945\u20131955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8583-z","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12898","volume":"23","author":"ED Van Pelt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Pelt ED, Wong YYM, Ketelslegers IA et al (2016) Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: comparison of clinical and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of AQP4-IgG versus MOG-IgG seropositive cases in the Netherlands. Eur J Neurol 23:580\u2013587","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.12.004","volume":"15","author":"S Ramanathan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramanathan S, Dale RC, Brilot F (2016) Anti-MOG antibody: the history, clinical phenotype, and pathogenicity of a serum biomarker for demyelination. Autoimmun Rev 15:307\u2013324","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1712_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6","volume":"13","author":"F Pache","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pache F, Zimmermann H, Mikolajczak J et al (2016) MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. Part 4: afferent visual system damage after optic neuritis in MOG-IgG-seropositive versus AQP4-IgG-seropositive patients. J Neuroinflammation 13:282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0720-6","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1712_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458514566666","volume":"21","author":"IA Ketelslegers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ketelslegers IA, Van Pelt DE, Bryde S et al (2015) Anti-MOG antibodies plead against MS diagnosis in an acquired demyelinating syndromes cohort. Mult Scler J 21:1513\u20131520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458514566666","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"1712_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515593406","volume":"22","author":"S Ramanathan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramanathan S, Prelog K, Barnes EH et al (2016) Radiological differentiation of optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J 22:470\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458515593406","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"1712_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.02.004","volume":"293","author":"T Akaishi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akaishi T, Nakashima I, Takeshita T et al (2016) Lesion length of optic neuritis impacts visual prognosis in neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 293:28\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.02.004","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"1712_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-017-8615-8","volume":"264","author":"D Biotti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biotti D, Bonneville F, Tournaire E et al (2017) Optic neuritis in patients with anti-MOG antibodies spectrum disorder: MRI and clinical features from a large multicentric cohort in France. J Neurol 264:2173\u20132175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-017-8615-8","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-019-1014-z","volume":"19","author":"DA Tajfirouz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tajfirouz DA, Bhatti MT, Chen JJ (2019) Clinical characteristics and treatment of MOG-IgG-associated optic neuritis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 19:100","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"1712_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519893093","author":"S Salama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Salama S, Khan M, Shanechi A et al (2020) MRI differences between MOG antibody disease and AQP4 NMOSD. Mult Scler J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458519893093","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"1712_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.07.020","volume":"195","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen JJ, Flanagan EP, Jitprapaikulsan J et al (2018) Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-positive optic neuritis: clinical characteristics, radiologic clues, and outcome. Am J Ophtalmol 195:8\u201315","journal-title":"Am J Ophtalmol"},{"key":"1712_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.09.007","volume":"299","author":"T Akaishi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akaishi T, Nakashima I, Takeshita T et al (2016) Different etiologies and prognoses of optic neuritis in demyelinating diseases. J Neuroimmunol 299:152\u2013157. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.09.007","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"1712_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000766","volume":"33","author":"JJ Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen JJ, Bhatti MT (2020) Clinical phenotype, radiological features, and treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein\u2014immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) optic neuritis. Curr Opin Neurol 33:47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000766","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000254502.87233.9a","volume":"68","author":"DM Wingerchuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wingerchuk DM, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF et al (2007) A secondary progressive clinical course is uncommon in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 68:603\u2013605","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1712_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1144-2","volume":"15","author":"S Jarius","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jarius S, Paul F, Aktas O et al (2018) MOG encephalomyelitis: international recommendations on diagnosis and antibody testing. J Neuroinflammation 15:134","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1712_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000813","volume":"33","author":"S Mader","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mader S, Tania K, Meinl E (2020) Novel insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic possibilities reveal further differences between AQP4-IgG- and MOG-IgG-associated diseases. Curr Opin Neurol 33:362\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000813","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25648","volume":"87","author":"P Durozard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Durozard P, Rico A, Boutiere C et al (2020) Comparison of the response to rituximab between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin-4 antibody diseases. Ann Neurol 87:256\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25648","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10235-5","author":"T Holm\u00f8y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holm\u00f8y T, H\u00f8glund RA, Illes Z et al (2020) Recent progress in maintenance treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-10235-5","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-018-1039-7","volume":"79","author":"N Collongues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collongues N, Ayme-Dietrich E, Monassier L, De Seze J (2019) Pharmacotherapy for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: current management and future options. Drugs 79:125\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40265-018-1039-7","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"1712_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10026-y","volume":"267","author":"DH Whittam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whittam DH, Karthikeayan V, Gibbons E et al (2020) Treatment of MOG antibody associated disorders: results of an international survey. J Neurol 267:3565\u20133577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-10026-y","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.10.005","author":"AL Bruijstens","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bruijstens AL, Wendel E, Lechner C et al (2020) E.U. paediatric MOG consortium consensus: Part 5 e Treatment of paediatric myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpn.2020.10.005","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"1712_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4601","volume":"75","author":"Y Hacohen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hacohen Y, Wong YY, Lechner C et al (2018) Disease course and treatment responses in children with relapsing myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. JAMA Neurol 75:478\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4601","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01712-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01712-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01712-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T14:29:53Z","timestamp":1646317793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01712-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1712"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-021-01712-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9009","2240-2993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"2240-2993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}