{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T16:59:12Z","timestamp":1781801952987,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurol Belg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Several neurologic complications have been reported in close temporal association with both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, several cases of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) have been reported in temporal relationship with COVID-19 vaccination, with two small case series describing a specific phenotype with bifacial weakness and paresthesia in the limbs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We retrospectively collected patients who developed a new-onset neuromuscular disorder in the first 6\u00a0weeks after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine (either first or second dose). The patients were collected from one tertiary care centre and one secondary care\u00a0centre from February to July 2021.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We report eight patients who developed phenotypically diverse neuromuscular disorders in the weeks following COVID-19 vaccination, with a presumed immune-mediated etiology. In our case series, we report three patients with classical GBS, one patient with bifacial weakness with paresthesia variant of GBS, two patients with subacute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), one patient with brachial plexopathy and one patient with subacute axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>New-onset neuromuscular disorders with onset in the weeks after COVID-19 vaccination can include diverse phenotypes. A causal relationship between these disorders and the vaccine cannot be proven at present, and further epidemiological studies are needed to further investigate this association.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-022-01941-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]],"date-time":"2022-05-02T14:13:51Z","timestamp":1651500831000},"page":"753-761","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Neuromuscular complications after COVID-19 vaccination: a series of eight patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Wouter","family":"Leemans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie","family":"Antonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wouter","family":"De Vooght","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Lemmens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip","family":"Van Damme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000000992","volume":"27","author":"A Nath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nath A (2021) Neurologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Contin (Minneap Minn) 27(4):1051\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000000992 (Neuroinfectious disease)","journal-title":"Contin (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10124-x","volume":"268","author":"S Abu-Rumeileh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abu-Rumeileh S, Abdelhak A, Foschi M et al (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome spectrum associated with COVID-19: an up-to-date systematic review of 73 cases. J Neurol 268(4):1133\u20131170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-020-10124-x","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1941_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27179","volume":"63","author":"SA Zivkovic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zivkovic SA, Gruener G, Narayanaswami P (2021) Doctor-should I get the COVID-19 vaccine? Infection and immunization in individuals with neuromuscular disorders. Muscle Nerve 63(3):294\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.27179","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1941_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327027","author":"GB Bonifacio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bonifacio GB, Patel D, Cook S et al (2021) Bilateral facial weakness with paraesthesia variant of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome following Vaxzevria COVID-19 vaccine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327027","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26144","volume":"90","author":"CM Allen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Allen CM, Ramsamy S, Tarr AW et al (2021) Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome variant occurring after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Ann Neurol 90(2):315\u2013318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26144","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1941_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa444","volume":"144","author":"MP Lunn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lunn MP, Cornblath DR, Jacobs BC et al (2021) COVID-19 vaccine and Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: let\u2019s not leap to associations. Brain 144(2):357\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awaa444","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"1941_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00596-1","volume":"35","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhang J, Chu X et al (2020) Vaccines and the risk of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome. Eur J Epidemiol 35(4):363\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-019-00596-1","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1941_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.27374","author":"YA Rajabally","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rajabally YA, Peric S, Bozovic I et al (2021) Antecedent infections and vaccinations in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a European collaborative study. Muscle Nerve. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mus.27374","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1941_CR9","unstructured":"https:\/\/datastudio.google.com\/embed\/reporting\/c14a5cfc-cab7-4812-848c-0369173148ab\/page\/ZwmOB. Accessed on 03 Jan 2022"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-022-01941-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-022-01941-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-022-01941-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T01:37:31Z","timestamp":1654565851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13760-022-01941-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1941"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-022-01941-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9009","2240-2993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"2240-2993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. The authors have no conflict of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This cohort study was approved by the ethics committee of the University Hospitals Leuven. All patients signed a written informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}