{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T14:08:53Z","timestamp":1771510133887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurol Belg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-024-02533-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]],"date-time":"2024-04-07T10:01:16Z","timestamp":1712484076000},"page":"1767-1784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Investigations into the anatomical location, physiological function, clinical implications, and significance of the nucleus of Perlia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"124","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2506-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eren","family":"Ogut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamirhan","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ozge","family":"Karakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edanur","family":"Yildiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilgin","family":"Sozge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2533_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01695201","volume":"35","author":"R Perlia","year":"1889","unstructured":"Perlia R (1889) Die anatomie des oculomotoriuscentrums beim menschen. Albrecht von Gr\u00e6fe\u2019s Archiv f\u00fcr Ophthalmol 35(4):287\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01695201","journal-title":"Albrecht von Gr\u00e6fe's Archiv f\u00fcr Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2533_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02017581","volume":"44","author":"S Bernheimer","year":"1897","unstructured":"Bernheimer S (1897) Experimentelle studien zur kenntniss der innervation der inneren und \u00e4usseren vom oculomotorius versorgten muskeln des auges. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv f\u00fcr Ophthalmol 44:481\u2013525","journal-title":"Albrecht von Graefes Archiv f\u00fcr Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/78.1.92","volume":"78","author":"R Warwick","year":"1955","unstructured":"Warwick R (1955) The so-called nucleus of convergence. Brain: J Neurol 78(1):92\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/78.1.92","journal-title":"Brain: J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR4","first-page":"36","volume":"19","author":"R Warwick","year":"1956","unstructured":"Warwick R (1956) Oculomotor organisation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 19(1):36\u201352","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"issue":"8","key":"2533_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22580","volume":"519","author":"T Kozicz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kozicz T, Bittencourt JC, May PJ, Reiner A, Gamlin PD, Palkovits M, Horn AK, Toledo CA, Ryabinin AE (2011) The Edinger-Westphal nucleus: a historical, structural, and functional perspective on a dichotomous terminology. J Comp Neurol 519(8):1413\u20131434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.22580","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2533_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2011.00053","volume":"2","author":"A Kheradmand","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kheradmand A, Zee DS (2011) Cerebellum and ocular motor control. Front Neurol 2:53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2011.00053","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523801191029","volume":"19","author":"JT Erichsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erichsen JT, May PJ (2002) The pupillary and ciliary components of the cat Edinger-Westphal nucleus: a transsynaptic transport investigation. Vis Neurosci 19(1):15\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952523801191029","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"2533_CR8","first-page":"858","volume":"16","author":"L Edinger","year":"1885","unstructured":"Edinger L (1885) \u00dcber den verlauf der centralen hirnnervenbahnen mit demonstrationen von pr\u00e4paraten. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 16:858\u2013859","journal-title":"Arch Psychiat Nervenkr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02037688","volume":"18","author":"C Westphal","year":"1887","unstructured":"Westphal C (1887) Ueber einen fall von chronischer progressiver l\u00e4hmung der augenmuskeln (ophthalmoplegia externa) nebst beschreibung von ganglienzellengruppen im bereiche des oculomotoriuskerns. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 18(3):846\u2013871","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr"},{"issue":"7","key":"2533_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-188807000-00001","volume":"13","author":"E Spitzka","year":"1888","unstructured":"Spitzka E (1888) The oculo-motor centres and their co-ordinators. J Nerv Ment Dis 13(7):413\u2013432","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2533_CR11","first-page":"103","volume":"6","author":"G Panegrossi","year":"1898","unstructured":"Panegrossi G (1898) Contributo allo studio anatomo-fisiologico dei centri dei nerve oculomotorii dell\u2019 uomo. Ric morf 6:103\u2013155","journal-title":"Ric morf"},{"key":"2533_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02160512","volume":"22","author":"E Siemerling","year":"1891","unstructured":"Siemerling E (1891) Ueber die chronische progressive lahmung der augenmuskeln. Arch Psychiat Nervenheilk 22:1\u2013206","journal-title":"Arch Psychiat Nervenheilk"},{"key":"2533_CR13","first-page":"110","volume":"2","author":"R Cassirer","year":"1894","unstructured":"Cassirer R, Schieff A (1894) Beitriage zur pathologie der chronischen bulbarerkrankungen. Arb neurol Inst (Inst Anat Physiol ZentNerv) Univ 2:110\u2013252","journal-title":"Arb neurol Inst (Inst Anat Physiol ZentNerv) Univ"},{"key":"2533_CR14","volume-title":"\u00dcber die ursprungskerne der augenbewegungsnerven","author":"U Tsuchida","year":"1906","unstructured":"Tsuchida U (1906) \u00dcber die ursprungskerne der augenbewegungsnerven, vol 2. Arb. aus dem hirnanat. Institut der Univ, Z\u00fcrich"},{"key":"2533_CR15","first-page":"18","volume":"41","author":"H Zweig","year":"1921","unstructured":"Zweig H (1921) Studien zur vergleichenden Anatomie des zentralen hohlengraus bei den. Jb Psychiat Neurol 41:18\u201338","journal-title":"Jb Psychiat Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-193903000-00002","volume":"89","author":"J Benjamin","year":"1939","unstructured":"Benjamin J (1939) The nucleus of the oculomotor nerve with special reference to innervation of the pupil and fibers from the pretectal region. J Nerv Ment Dis 89(3):294\u2013310","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900780311","volume":"78","author":"EC Crosby","year":"1943","unstructured":"Crosby EC, Woodburne RT (1943) The nuclear pattern of the non-tectal portions of the midbrain and isthmus in primates. J Com Neurol 78(3):441\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.900780311","journal-title":"J Com Neurol"},{"key":"2533_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1898.02440650054018","author":"C Mills","year":"1898","unstructured":"Mills C (1898) The nervous system and its diseases: a practical treatise on neurology for the use of physicians and students. vol 13. Lipp Co Phila JB. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.1898.02440650054018","journal-title":"Lipp Co Phila JB"},{"key":"2533_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02901361","volume":"40","author":"B Brouwer","year":"1918","unstructured":"Brouwer B (1918) Klinisch-anatomische untersuchung \u00fcber den. Z f\u00fcr die gesamte Neurol und Psychiatr 40:152","journal-title":"Z f\u00fcr die gesamte Neurol und Psychiatr"},{"key":"2533_CR20","unstructured":"Knies M (1890) Ueber die centralen St\u00f6rungen der willk\u00fcrlichen Augenmuskeln. Arch. f\u00fcr Augenheilk. XXII,(3):19\u201351"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02865869","volume":"145","author":"A Adler","year":"1933","unstructured":"Adler A (1933) Zur lokalisation des konvergenzzentrums und der kerne der glatten augenmuskeln. Z f\u00fcr die gesamte Neurol und Psychiatr 145(1):185\u2013207","journal-title":"Z f\u00fcr die gesamte Neurol und Psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.25.3.111","volume":"25","author":"PW Leathart","year":"1941","unstructured":"Leathart PW (1941) The tabetic pupil. Br J Ophthalmol 25(3):111\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.25.3.111","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91173-0","volume":"440","author":"RM Burde","year":"1988","unstructured":"Burde RM (1988) Disparate visceral neuronal pools subserve spinal cord and ciliary ganglion in the monkey: a double labeling approach. Brain Res 440(1):177\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(88)91173-0","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2533_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90757-x","volume":"198","author":"RM Burde","year":"1980","unstructured":"Burde RM, Loewy AD (1980) Central origin of oculomotor parasympathetic neurons in the monkey. Brain Res 198(2):434\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(80)90757-x","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2533_CR25","first-page":"532","volume":"81","author":"RM Burde","year":"1983","unstructured":"Burde RM (1983) The visceral nuclei of the oculomotor complex. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 81:532\u2013548","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2533_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90080-u","volume":"519","author":"S Ishikawa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ishikawa S, Sekiya H, Kondo Y (1990) The center for controlling the near reflex in the midbrain of the monkey: a double labelling study. Brain Res 519(1\u20132):217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90080-u","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2533_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91119-0","volume":"498","author":"RM Burde","year":"1989","unstructured":"Burde RM, Williams F (1989) Parasympathetic nuclei. Brain Res 498(2):371\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91119-0","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2533_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olszewski J, Baxter D (1954) Cytoarchitecture of the human brain stem. Cytoarchitecture of the human brain stem.Basel: Karger.199","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1955.02950190099043"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21598","volume":"507","author":"AK Horn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Horn AK, Eberhorn A, H\u00e4rtig W, Ardeleanu P, Messoudi A, B\u00fcttner-Ennever JA (2008) Perioculomotor cell groups in monkey and man defined by their histochemical and functional properties: reappraisal of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. J Comp Neurol 507(3):1317\u20131335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.21598","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2533_CR30","unstructured":"B\u00fcttner-Ennever JA, Horn AK (2014) Olszewski and Baxter's cytoarchitecture of the human brainstem. S. Karger AG, Basel."},{"key":"2533_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cl2.1230","author":"NR Haddaway","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haddaway NR, Page MJ, Pritchard CC, McGuinness LA (2022) PRISMA2020: an r package and shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020-compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and open synthesis. Campbell Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cl2.1230","journal-title":"Campbell Syst Rev"},{"key":"2533_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D (2021) The prisma 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2533_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-00960-3","volume":"37","author":"E Ogut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogut E, Armagan K, G\u00fcl Z (2022) The role of syringic acid as a neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative disorders and future expectations. Metab Brain Dis 37(4):859\u2013880. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-022-00960-3","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"2533_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01919512.2022.2065242","author":"E Ogut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogut E, Armagan K (2022) Evaluation of the potential impact of medical ozone therapy on COVID-19 a review study. Ozone Sci Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01919512.2022.2065242","journal-title":"Ozone Sci Eng"},{"key":"2533_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jorep.2022.100069","author":"E Ogut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogut E, Karakas O, Aydin DD (2022) Oppenheimer\u2019s accessory ossicle and clinical significance: a narrative review. J Orthop Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jorep.2022.100069","journal-title":"J Orthop Rep"},{"key":"2533_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00968-w","author":"E Ogut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogut E (2022) The stieda process of the talus: the anatomical knowledge and clinical significance of an overlooked protrusion. Bull Natl Res Cent. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-022-00968-w","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Cent"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-023-02086-1","volume":"46","author":"E Ogut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ogut E, Armagan K, Tufekci D (2023) The Guillain-Mollaret triangle: a key player in motor coordination and control with implications for neurological disorders. Neurosurg Rev 46(1):181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-023-02086-1","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"key":"2533_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00002","volume":"8","author":"E Che Ngwa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Che Ngwa E, Zeeh C, Messoudi A, B\u00fcttner-Ennever JA, Horn AK (2014) Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying individual eye muscles in the human oculomotor nucleus. Front Neuroanat 8:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2014.00002","journal-title":"Front Neuroanat"},{"issue":"4","key":"2533_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-5155(97)00051-8","volume":"41","author":"S Kimura","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kimura S, Niida T, Mukuno K, Ishikawa S (1997) Direct parasympathetic pathway from midbrain to ciliary muscles in cats and monkeys. Jpn J Ophthalmol 41(4):203\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0021-5155(97)00051-8","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2533_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.58.283","author":"S Atsuki","year":"1953","unstructured":"Atsuki S (1953) Microscopical study of oculomotor nucleus in human adult. I Tohoku J Exp Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1620\/tjem.58.283","journal-title":"I. Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"2533_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.04.005","volume":"248","author":"K Lienbacher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lienbacher K, S\u00e4nger K, Strassburger S, Ehrt O, Rudolph G, Barnerssoi M, Horn AKE (2019) Extraocular muscles involved in convergence are innervated by an additional set of palisade endings that may differ in their excitability: a human study. Prog Brain Res 248:127\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.04.005","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2533_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2020.00040","author":"RJ Rushmore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rushmore RJ, Wilson-Braun P, Papadimitriou G, Ng I, Rathi Y, Zhang F, O\u2019Donnell LJ, Kubicki M, Bouix S, Yeterian E, Lemaire J-J, Calabrese E, Johnson GA, Kikinis R, Makris N (2020) 3D exploration of the brainstem in 50-micron resolution mri. Front neuroanat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnana.2020.00040","journal-title":"Front neuroanat"},{"key":"2533_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaddad-Neto F, Silva da Costa MD (2022) Surgical Anatomy of the Midbrain. In: Chaddad-Neto F, Silva da Costa MD (eds) Microneuroanatomy and Surgery: A Practical Anatomical Guide. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 163\u2013176. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-82747-2_9","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-82747-2_9"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/2576117X.2022.2074239","volume":"72","author":"Y Aladdin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aladdin Y, Shirah B, Khan K (2022) Vertical one-and-a-half syndrome with pseudoabducens palsy and midbrain horizontal gaze paresis. J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil 72(3):156\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/2576117X.2022.2074239","journal-title":"J Binocul Vis Ocul Motil"},{"key":"2533_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fr\u00f6schl AM (2018) Post mortem Untersuchungen funktioneller Neurone des Augenbewegungssystems auf perineuronale Netze bei F\u00e4llen mit progressiver supranukle\u00e4rer Parese (PSP). Theses (Dissertation, LMU Munich) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5282\/edoc.22200","DOI":"10.5282\/edoc.22200"},{"key":"2533_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guly\u00e1s, S. (2016). Supranuclear Regulation of the Eye Movements and the Significance of Their Disturbances. In: Somlai, J., Kov\u00e1cs, T. (eds) Neuro-Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-28956-4_58","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-28956-4_58"},{"key":"2533_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901150306","volume":"115","author":"RS Jampel","year":"1960","unstructured":"Jampel RS (1960) Convergence, divergence, pupillary reactions and accommodation of the eyes from faradic stimulation of the macaque brain. J Comp Neurol 115:371\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.901150306","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2533_CR48","first-page":"371","volume":"82","author":"JJ Parelman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Parelman JJ, Fay MT, Burde RM (1984) Confirmatory evidence for a direct parasympathetic pathway to internal eye structures. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 82:371\u2013380","journal-title":"Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"426\u2013448","key":"2533_CR49","first-page":"421","volume":"60","author":"WE Clark","year":"1926","unstructured":"Clark WE (1926) The mammalian oculomotor nucleus. J Anat 60(426\u2013448):421","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR50","first-page":"71","volume":"88","author":"R Warwick","year":"1954","unstructured":"Warwick R (1954) The ocular parasympathetic nerve supply and its mesencephalic sources. J Anat 88(1):71\u201393","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092370109","volume":"237","author":"W Sun","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sun W, May PJ (1993) Organization of the extraocular and preganglionic motoneurons supplying the orbit in the lesser galago. Anat Rec 237(1):89\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.1092370109","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"3","key":"2533_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-23737","volume":"59","author":"PJ May","year":"2018","unstructured":"May PJ, Warren S, Gamlin PD, Billig I (2018) An anatomic characterization of the midbrain near response neurons in the macaque monkey. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59(3):1486\u20131502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-23737","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"2533_CR53","first-page":"96","volume":"10","author":"I Anosov","year":"1980","unstructured":"Anosov I, Bulatova TI (1980) Morphologic and histochemical reactions of the body to administration of Cl. botulinum toxin. VII. Reactions of neurons of the Iakubovich (Edinger-Westphal) nucleus and unpaired midline nucleus (Perlia\u2019s) to administration of Cl. botulinum type B toxin. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 10:96\u2013100","journal-title":"Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2533_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1315252","volume":"229","author":"C Zeeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zeeh C, Horn AK (2012) The subnuclei of the oculomotor nucleus in humans. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 229(11):1083\u20131089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1315252","journal-title":"Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd"},{"key":"2533_CR55","unstructured":"Heiland Hogan MB, Subramanian S,  M Das J (2023) Neuroanatomy, Edinger-Westphal Nucleus (Accessory Oculomotor Nucleus). In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL) StatPearls Publishing; PMID: 32119442."},{"key":"2533_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2015.07.002","volume":"68","author":"ED Dos Santos J\u00fanior","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dos Santos J\u00fanior ED, Da Silva AV, Da Silva KRT, Haemmerle CAS, Batagello DS, Da Silva JM, Lima LB, Da Silva RJ, Diniz GB, Sita LV, Elias CF, Bittencourt JC (2015) The centrally projecting edinger-westphal nucleus\u2014I: efferents in the rat brain. J Chem Neuroanat 68:22\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2015.07.002","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"issue":"1","key":"2533_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90080-U","volume":"519","author":"S Ishikawa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ishikawa S, Sekiya H, Kondo Y (1990) The center for controlling the near reflex in the midbrain of the monkey: a double labelling study. Brain Res 519(1):217\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90080-U","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2533_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.05.042","volume":"134","author":"AE Ryabinin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ryabinin AE, Tsivkovskaia NO, Ryabinin SA (2005) Urocortin 1-containing neurons in the human Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Neurosci 134(4):1317\u20131323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.05.042","journal-title":"Neurosci"},{"key":"2533_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\/books\/10930","volume-title":"Textbook of Ophthalmology,","author":"H Nema","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nema H, Nema N (2008) Textbook of Ophthalmology. Jaypee brothers medical publishers, 5th Edition, India"},{"issue":"5","key":"2533_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.4.JNS132778","volume":"124","author":"RG P\u00e1rraga","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e1rraga RG, Possatti LL, Alves RV, Ribas GC, T\u00fcre U, de Oliveira E (2016) Microsurgical anatomy and internal architecture of the brainstem in 3D images: surgical considerations. J Neurosurg JNS 124(5):1377\u20131395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2015.4.JNS132778","journal-title":"J Neurosurg JNS"},{"key":"2533_CR61","unstructured":"Valeanu LI (2020) The localization and complete extent of the newly defined preganglionic Edinger-Westphal nucleus (EWpg) in human. Dissertation 16-40"},{"key":"2533_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nu\u00f1ez MA, Miranda JCF, de Oliveira E, Rubino PA, Voscoboinik S, Recalde R, Akiyama O, Jawar SS, Neto MR, Fernandes D (2019) Chapter 4 - Brain stem anatomy and surgical approaches. In: Comprehensive overview of modern surgical approaches to intrinsic brain tumors. Elsevier, pp 53\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-811783-5.00004-5","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-811783-5.00004-5"},{"key":"2533_CR63","unstructured":"Klink S (2008) Neues System zur Erfassung des Akkommodationsbedarfs im menschlichen Auge. Zugl: Karlsruhe, Karlsruher Institut f\u00fcr Technologie (KIT), Diss, 2008"},{"key":"2533_CR64","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Duvernoy\u2019s Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-Field MRI: Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3D Sectional Anatomy","author":"TP Naidich","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naidich TP, Duvernoy HM, Delman BN, Sorensen AG, Kollias SS, Haacke EM (2009) Internal Architecture of the Brain Stem with Key Axial Section. In: Naidich TP, Duvernoy HM, Delman BN, Sorensen AG, Kollias SS, Haacke EM (eds) Duvernoy\u2019s Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-Field MRI: Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3D Sectional Anatomy. Springer, Vienna, pp 53\u201393"},{"key":"2533_CR65","volume-title":"Atlas of the human brainstem","author":"G Paxinos","year":"1995","unstructured":"Paxinos G, Huang X-F (1995) Atlas of the human brainstem.San Diego, CA: Academic Press;28."},{"key":"2533_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-3317-0_18","volume-title":"Eye Movement Disorders","author":"EACM Sanders","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sanders EACM (1987) Syndromes of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. In: Sanders EACM, de Keizer RJW, Zee DS (eds) Eye Movement Disorders. Springer, Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 183\u2013190"},{"issue":"4","key":"2533_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-017-3199-8","volume":"39","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Wang W (2018) Isolated bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to lacunar infarction. Neurol Sci 39(4):795\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-017-3199-8","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"2533_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.06.040","volume":"25","author":"H Takeshige","year":"2016","unstructured":"Takeshige H, Ueno Y, Kamagata K, Sasaki F, Yamashiro K, Tanaka R, Aoki S, Hattori N (2016) Pathways linked to internuclear ophthalmoplegia on diffusion-tensor imaging in a case with midbrain infarction. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis\u202f: Off J Natl Stroke Assoc 25(11):2575\u20132579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.06.040","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis : Off J Natl Stroke Assoc"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-024-02533-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-024-02533-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-024-02533-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T02:05:31Z","timestamp":1733277931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13760-024-02533-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-024-02533-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9009","2240-2993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"2240-2993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethics approval is not required for this review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"All authors consent for publication.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publication"}}]}}