{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:35:12Z","timestamp":1793158512261,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Acta Neurol Belg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-026-03118-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T06:20:02Z","timestamp":1781677202000},"page":"1613-1621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional neurological disorders in hospitalized children and adolescents: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Roberta","family":"Solazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Andreoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna","family":"Fiori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Dosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Pedrinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vigan\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Sarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Zibordi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nardo","family":"Nardocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425787"},{"key":"3118_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.3753","volume":"78","author":"CD Stephen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stephen CD, Fung V, Lungu CI, Espay AJ (2021) Assessment of Emergency Department and Inpatient Use and Costs in Adult and Pediatric Functional Neurological Disorders. JAMA Neurol 78:88\u2013101","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"3118_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2024.2333390","volume":"24","author":"K Kozlowska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kozlowska K, Scher S (2024) Recent advances in understanding the neurobiology of pediatric functional neurological disorder. Expert Rev Neurother 24:497\u2013516","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"3118_CR4","unstructured":"Moulton H, DerMarderosian D, Chapman HA. Functional Neurological Disorder in Pediatrics: Diagnostic Considerations. R I, Med J (2013) 2024; 107: 10\u201313"},{"key":"3118_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.15538","volume":"65","author":"K Yong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yong K, Chin RFM, Shetty J, Hogg K, Burgess K, Lindsay M et al (2023) Functional neurological disorder in children and young people: Incidence, clinical features, and prognosis. Dev Med Child Neurol 65:1238\u20131246","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3118_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000242235.83140.1f","volume":"46","author":"K Kozlowska","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kozlowska K, Nunn KP, Rose D, Morris A, Ouvrier RA, Varghese J (2007) Conversion disorder in Australian pediatric practice. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46(1):68\u201375","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3118_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2023.109117","volume":"140","author":"F Gigliotti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gigliotti F, Di Santo F, Cesario S, Esposito D, Manti F, Galosi S et al (2023) Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and functional motor disorders in developmental age: A comparison of clinical and psychopathological features. Epilepsy Behav 140:109117","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"3118_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2025.112120","volume":"192","author":"A Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang A, Yang X, Tian Y, Yang H, Luo R (2025) Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognosis of childhood functional neurological disorder: Identifying key factors of prognosis and optimizing clinical management. J Psychosom Res 192:112120","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"3118_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22427","volume":"70","author":"S Bigi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bigi S, Fischer U, Wehrli E, Mattle HP, Boltshauser E, B\u00fcrki S et al (2011) Acute ischemic stroke in children versus young adults. Ann Neurol 70:245\u2013254","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"3118_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12521","volume":"6","author":"A Gras","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gras A, Wardrope A, Hirsch E, Asadi Pooya AA, Duncan R, Gigineishvili D et al (2021) Use of suggestive seizure manipulation methods in the investigation of patients with possible psychogenic nonepileptic seizures-An international ILAE survey. Epilepsia Open 6:472\u2013482","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"key":"3118_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pal R, Romero E, He Z, Stevenson T, Campen CJ (2022) Pediatric Functional Neurological Disorder: Demographic and Clinical Factors Impacting Care. J Child Neurol. ;37(8\u20139):669\u2013676. doi: 10.1177\/08830738221113899. Epub 2022 Jul 11. PMID: 35815864","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738221113899"},{"issue":"2","key":"3118_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12864","volume":"7","author":"JF Baizabal-Carvallo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baizabal-Carvallo JF, Jankovic J (2019) Gender Differences in Functional Movement Disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 7(2):182\u2013187","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"3118_CR13","first-page":"146","volume":"7","author":"J Gelauff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gelauff J, Dreissen Y, Tijssen MAJ, Stone J (2020) Gender differences in functional motor disorder. Mov Disord Clin Pract 7(2):146\u2013152","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"3118_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10943-6","volume":"269","author":"I Kletenik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kletenik I, Holden SK, Sillau SH, O\u2019Connell N, MacGillivray L, Mack J et al (2022) Gender disparity and abuse in functional movement disorders: a multicenter case\u2013control study. J Neurol 269(6):3258\u20133263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10943-6","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3118_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2018-316519","volume":"104","author":"J Raper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raper J, Currigan V, Fothergill S, Stone J, Forsyth RJ (2019) Long-term outcomes of functional neurological disorder in children. Arch Dis Child 104(12):1155\u20131160","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"3118_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-020-0945-z","volume":"88","author":"AS Hansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hansen AS, Rask CU, Rodrigo-Domingo M, Pristed SG, Christensen J, Nielsen RE (2020) Incidence rates and characteristics of pediatric onset psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Pediatr Res 88:796\u2013803","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"3118_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14674","volume":"28","author":"M Tinazzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tinazzi M, Geroin C, Erro R, Marcuzzo E, Cuoco S, Ceravolo R et al (2021) Functional motor disorders associated with other neurological diseases: Beyond the boundaries of organic neurology. Eur J Neurol 28:1752\u20131758","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"3118_CR18","first-page":"436","volume":"96","author":"PM Leary","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leary PM (2003) Conversion disorder in childhood\u2013diagnosed too late, investigated too much? J R Soc Med 96:436\u2013438","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"3118_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2024.111909","volume":"186","author":"S Weber","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weber S, Rey \u00c1lvarez LT, Ansede-Bermejo J, Cruz R, Del Real \u00c1, B\u00fchler J et al (2024) The impact of genetic variations in the serotonergic system on symptom severity and clinical outcome in functional neurological disorders. J Psychosom Res 186:111909","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"3118_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e210051","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210051","volume":"103","author":"M Hallett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hallett M (2024) Functional Neurologic Disorder, La L\u00e9sion Dynamique: 2024 Wartenberg Lecture. Neurology 103:e210051","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"3118_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000358","volume":"2","author":"K Kozlowska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kozlowska K, Chudleigh C, Savage B, Hawkes C, Scher S, Nunn KP (2023) Evidence-Based Mind-Body Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Functional Neurological Disorder. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2:60\u201382","journal-title":"Harv Rev Psychiatry"},{"key":"3118_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17768","volume":"64","author":"C Reilly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reilly C, Jette N, Johnson EC, Kariuki SM, Meredith F, Wirrell E et al (2023) Scoping review and expert-based consensus recommendations for assessment and management of psychogenic non-epileptic (functional) seizures (PNES) in children: A report from the Pediatric Psychiatric Issues Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 64:3160\u20133195","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"3118_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00306-3","volume":"52","author":"B Pehlivant\u00fcrk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pehlivant\u00fcrk B, Unal F (2002) Conversion disorder in children and adolescents: a 4-year follow-up study. J Psychosom Res 52:187\u2013191","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"3118_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021099","volume":"20","author":"RS Perjoc","year":"2023","unstructured":"Perjoc RS, Roza E, Vladacenco OA, Teleanu DM, Neacsu R, Teleanu RI (2023) Functional Neurological Disorder-Old Problem New Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health 20:1099","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"3118_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2014.04.009","volume":"51","author":"CM de Gusm\u00e3o","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Gusm\u00e3o CM, Guerriero RM, Bernson-Leung ME, Pier D, Ibeziako PI, Bujoreanu S et al (2014) Functional neurological symptom disorders in a pediatric emergency room: diagnostic accuracy, features, and outcome. Pediatr Neurol 51:233\u2013238","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"}],"container-title":["Acta Neurologica Belgica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-026-03118-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-026-03118-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13760-026-03118-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T02:59:40Z","timestamp":1793156380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13760-026-03118-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-026-03118-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-9009","2240-2993"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-9009","type":"print"},{"value":"2240-2993","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Comitato Etico Territoriale Lombardia 4 (approval number: CET 16\u201325). As the study involved retrospective data collection, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for written informed consent from participants and\/or their parents or legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}