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In this study, we investigated the feasibility of allogeneic irregular bone defect repair using TEP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We performed a subtotal resection of the scapula in 36 rabbits to establish a large irregular bone defect model. The rabbits were then randomly divided into three groups (n\u2009=\u200912 per group) and the defects were treated with TEP (Group 1), allogeneic deproteinized bone (DPB) (Group 2) or a hybrid of TEP and DPB (Group 3). At 4, 8, and 12\u00a0weeks after surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the implants were harvested. X-ray radiographic and histological examinations were performed to detect bone healing. Ink-formaldehyde perfusion was introduced to qualitatively analyze vascularization in TEP engineered new bone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The repair of scapular defects was diverse in all groups, shown by radiographic and histological tests. The radiographic scores in Group 1 and Group 3 were significantly higher than Group 2 at 8 and 12\u00a0weeks (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Histological scores further proved that Group 1 had significantly greater new bone formation compared to Group 3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), while Group 2 had the lowest osteogenesis at all time-points (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Ink-formaldehyde perfusion revealed aboundant microvessels in TEP engineered new bone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conclude that TEP is promising for the repair of large irregular bone defects. As a 3D scaffold, DPB could provide mechanical support and a shaping guide when combined with TEP. TEP engineered new bone has aboundant microvessels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-020-00282-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]],"date-time":"2020-09-10T18:03:52Z","timestamp":1599761032000},"page":"717-727","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Irregular Bone Defect Repair Using Tissue-Engineered Periosteum in a Rabbit Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-Jia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cangyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1080\/09205063.2019.1623989","volume":"30","author":"X Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng X, Huang J, Lin J, Yang D, Xu T, Chen D, et al. 3D bioprinting in orthopedics translational research. 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