{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:25:20Z","timestamp":1792783520393,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korea Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI20C0386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI20C0386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013129","name":"Ministry of SMEs and Startups","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S3283968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S3283968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22C0608L1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22C0608L1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015098","name":"Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04-2024-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04-2024-0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015098","name":"Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04-2025-0000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04-2025-0000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003625","name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22C0608L1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22C0608L1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003625","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Seoul National University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04h9pn542","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Tissue Eng Regen Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Freshly thawed umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (FT-UC MSCs) often show reduced post-thaw functionality, limiting their use as off-the-shelf cell therapies. This study investigated whether an ion-enriched solution (IES) could improve FT-UC MSC adhesion and cartilage repair-associated outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>UC MSCs were categorized as cryopreserved and culture-recovered UC MSCs (CP-UC MSCs) or FT-UC MSCs. Adhesion was assessed in vitro on type I collagen and ex vivo on human osteoarthritic cartilage using saline, IES, or magnesium chloride as carriers. In vivo, rats with full-thickness cartilage defects received intra-articular injections of IES alone, CP-UC MSCs in saline, or FT-UC MSCs in IES. Cartilage repair was evaluated by ICRS macroscopic and histological scoring, immunohistochemistry, and static weight-bearing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      FT-UC MSCs showed reduced proliferation, metabolic activity, and adhesion compared with CP-UC MSCs. IES significantly enhanced FT-UC MSC adhesion\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with magnesium chloride (MgCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) as the major contributor and sodium acetate (NaOAc) as a possible additional contributor.\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , FT-UC MSCs delivered with IES showed macroscopic and histological repair outcomes comparable to CP-UC MSCs delivered with saline, including lower subchondral abnormality and inflammation scores, lower type I collagen staining, and a favorable matrix profile at 8 weeks.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FT-UC MSCs delivered with IES showed improved post-thaw adhesive function and repair-associated outcomes comparable to CP-UC MSCs delivered with saline in a rat full-thickness cartilage defect model. These findings support the potential utility of IES as a practical delivery carrier for freshly thawed UC-MSCs without an extended culture-recovery step, while further studies including an FT-UC MSCs + saline group are required to isolate the specific in vivo contribution of IES.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-026-00844-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:16:07Z","timestamp":1792674967000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ion-Enriched Solution Improves the Adhesion of Freshly Thawed Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Supports Cartilage Repair in a Rat Full-Thickness Cartilage Defect Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Daeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taewoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6161-5442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris Hyunchul","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"844_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216515","volume":"79","author":"S Safiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Safiri S, Kolahi AA, Smith E, Hill C, Bettampadi D, Mansournia MA, et al. Global burden of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:819\u201328.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"844_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.04.020","volume":"30","author":"KD Allen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Allen KD, Thoma LM, Golightly YM. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30:184\u201395.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"844_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Osteoarthritis. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/osteoarthritis. Accessed 6 May 2026."},{"key":"844_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.10.003","volume":"30","author":"JG Quicke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quicke JG, Conaghan PG, Corp N, Peat G. Osteoarthritis year in review 2021: epidemiology and therapy. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2022;30:196\u2013206.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"844_CR5","first-page":"49","volume":"85","author":"K Sinusas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sinusas K. Osteoarthritis: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85:49\u201356.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"844_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116458","volume":"173","author":"R Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian R, Su S, Yu Y, Liang S, Ma C, Jiao Y, et al. Revolutionizing osteoarthritis treatment: how mesenchymal stem cells hold the key. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;173:116458.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"844_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-04131-7","volume":"18","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang P, Dong B, Yuan P, Li X. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells promoting knee joint chondrogenesis for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:639.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"844_CR8","first-page":"4474","volume":"17","author":"H Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang H, Yan X, Jiang Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Shao Q. The human umbilical cord stem cells improve the viability of OA degenerated chondrocytes. Mol Med Rep. 2018;17:4474\u201382.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"844_CR9","first-page":"21","volume":"23","author":"W Tong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tong W, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Fang J, Liu Y, Shao Z, et al. Multiple umbilical cord-derived MSC administrations attenuate rat osteoarthritis progression via preserving articular cartilage superficial layer cells and inhibiting synovitis. J Orthop Transl. 2020;23:21\u20138.","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"key":"844_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2021-0121","volume":"17","author":"O Samara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Samara O, Jafar H, Hamdan M, Al-Ta\u2019mari A, Rahmeh R, Hourani B, et al. Ultrasound-guided intra-articular injection of expanded umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in knee osteoarthritis: a safety\/efficacy study with MRI data. Regen Med. 2022;17:299\u2013312.","journal-title":"Regen Med"},{"key":"844_CR11","first-page":"49","volume":"28","author":"JH Yea","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yea JH, Jo CH. Dose- and sex-dependent effects on umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell efficacy in regeneration of a full-thickness tendon defect in a rat model. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2025;28:49\u201359.","journal-title":"Clin Shoulder Elb"},{"key":"844_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1634\/stemcells.2007-0439","volume":"26","author":"DL Troyer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Troyer DL, Weiss ML. Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived cells are a primitive stromal cell population. Stem Cells. 2008;26:591\u20139.","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"844_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.7603\/s40730-016-0029-1","volume":"3","author":"P Van Pham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Pham P, Bich NV, Phan NK. Umbilical cord-derived stem cells (ModulatistTM) show strong immunomodulation capacity compared to adipose tissue-derived or bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biomed Res Ther. 2016;3:29.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Ther"},{"key":"844_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2015.1051528","volume":"15","author":"T Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li T, Xia M, Gao Y, Chen Y, Xu Y. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells: an overview of their potential in cell-based therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15:1293\u2013306.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Biol Ther"},{"key":"844_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000001713","volume":"84","author":"B Antebi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Antebi B, Mohammadipoor A, Batchinsky AI, Cancio LC. The promise of mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018;84:183\u201391.","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"844_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.2723","volume":"87","author":"M Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gonz\u00e1lez M, V\u00e1zquez-Villegas P, Garc\u00eda-Salinas C, Rito-Palomares M. Current strategies and challenges for the purification of stem cells. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2012;87:2\u201310.","journal-title":"J Chem Technol Biotechnol"},{"key":"844_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.05.003","volume":"3","author":"R Chinnadurai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chinnadurai R, Garcia MA, Sakurai Y, Lam WA, Kirk AD, Galipeau J, et al. Actin cytoskeletal disruption following cryopreservation alters the biodistribution of human mesenchymal stromal cells in vivo. Stem Cell Rep. 2014;3:60\u201372.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep"},{"key":"844_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.06.005","volume":"18","author":"M Shimaya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimaya M, Muneta T, Ichinose S, Tsuji K, Sekiya I. Magnesium enhances adherence and cartilage formation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells through integrins. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010;18:1300\u20139.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"844_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-2038-5","volume":"17","author":"B Antebi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Antebi B, Asher AM, Rodriguez LA 2nd, Moore RK, Mohammadipoor A, Cancio LC. Cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells regain functional potency following a 24-h acclimation period. J Transl Med. 2019;17:297.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"844_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bej.2015.08.014","volume":"108","author":"AC Schnitzler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schnitzler AC, Verma A, Kehoe DE, Jing D, Murrell JR, Der KA, et al. Bioprocessing of human mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells for therapeutic use: current technologies and challenges. Biochem Eng J. 2016;108:3\u201313.","journal-title":"Biochem Eng J"},{"key":"844_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2011.0395","volume":"18","author":"I Ginis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ginis I, Grinblat B, Shirvan MH. Evaluation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells after cryopreservation and hypothermic storage in clinically safe medium. Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 2012;18:453\u201363.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part C Methods"},{"key":"844_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5039","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.26981","volume":"8","author":"J Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu J, Shen X, Sun X, Yin H, Yang S, Lu C, et al. Increased recruitment of endogenous stem cells and chondrogenic differentiation by a composite scaffold containing bone marrow homing peptide for cartilage regeneration. Theranostics. 2018;8:5039\u201358.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"844_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3109\/14653249.2011.623691","volume":"14","author":"M Fran\u00e7ois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fran\u00e7ois M, Copland IB, Yuan S, Romieu-Mourez R, Waller EK, Galipeau J. Cryopreserved mesenchymal stromal cells display impaired immunosuppressive properties as a result of heat-shock response and impaired interferon-gamma licensing. Cytotherapy. 2012;14:147\u201352.","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"844_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2016.0347","volume":"26","author":"K Pollock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pollock K, Samsonraj RM, Dudakovic A, Thaler R, Stumbras A, McKenna DH, et al. Improved post-thaw function and epigenetic changes in mesenchymal stromal cells cryopreserved using multicomponent osmolyte solutions. Stem Cells Dev. 2017;26:828\u201342.","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev"},{"key":"844_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02620-2","volume":"12","author":"YT Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song YT, Liu PC, Tan J, Lin D, Li Y, Li X, et al. Stem cell-based therapy for ameliorating intrauterine adhesion and endometrium injury. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12:556.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"844_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172721","volume":"13","author":"C Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan C, Tan D, Meng Z, Jiang M, Lin M, Zhao G, et al. The effects of sodium acetate on the immune functions of peripheral mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear granulocytes in postpartum dairy cows. Animals. 2023;13:2721.","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"844_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2019.11.024","volume":"98","author":"M Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li M, Hu FC, Qiao F, Du ZY, Zhang ML. Sodium acetate alleviated high-carbohydrate induced intestinal inflammation by suppressing MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2020;98:758\u201365.","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol"},{"key":"844_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-022-00440-w","volume":"19","author":"AY Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee AY, Jang KH, Jo CH. Minimal cube explant provides optimal isolation condition of mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2022;19:793\u2013807.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"844_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-024-00673-x","volume":"21","author":"AY Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee AY, Park JY, Hwang SJ, Jang KH, Jo CH. Effects of late-passage small umbilical cord-derived fast proliferating cells on tenocytes from degenerative rotator cuff tears under an interleukin 1\u03b2-induced tendinopathic environment. Tissue Eng Regen Med. 2024;21:1217\u201331.","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"key":"844_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00462.x","volume":"37","author":"MA Vidal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vidal MA, Robinson SO, Lopez MJ, Paulsen DB, Borkhsenious O, Johnson JR, et al. Comparison of chondrogenic potential in equine mesenchymal stromal cells derived from adipose tissue and bone marrow. Vet Surg. 2008;37:713\u201324.","journal-title":"Vet Surg"},{"key":"844_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.43B4.752","volume":"43-B","author":"RE Outerbridge","year":"1961","unstructured":"Outerbridge RE. The etiology of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1961;43-B:752\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"844_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.05.005","volume":"15","author":"MP van den Borne","year":"2007","unstructured":"van den Borne MP, Raijmakers NJ, Vanlauwe J, Victor J, de Jong SN, Bellemans J, et al. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) and Oswestry macroscopic cartilage evaluation scores validated for use in autologous chondrocyte implantation and microfracture. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007;15:1397\u2013402.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"844_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509359068","volume":"38","author":"P Mainil-Varlet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mainil-Varlet P, Van Damme B, Nesic D, Knutsen G, Kandel R, Roberts S. A new histology scoring system for the assessment of the quality of human cartilage repair: ICRS II. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38:880\u201390.","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"844_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/S1063-4584(03)00163-8","volume":"11","author":"SE Bove","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bove SE, Calcaterra SL, Brooker RM, Huber CM, Guzman RE, Juneau PL, et al. Weight bearing as a measure of disease progression and efficacy of anti-inflammatory compounds in a model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003;11:821\u201330.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"844_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1177\/0023677219867715","volume":"54","author":"BY Jacobs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacobs BY, Allen KD. Factors affecting the reliability of behavioral assessments for rodent osteoarthritis models. Lab Anim. 2020;54:317\u201329.","journal-title":"Lab Anim"},{"key":"844_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2018.02.006","volume":"55","author":"F da Silva Lima","year":"2018","unstructured":"da Silva Lima F, da Rocha Romero AB, Hastreiter A, Nogueira-Pedro A, Makiyama E, Colli C, et al. An insight into the role of magnesium in the immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells. J Nutr Biochem. 2018;55:200\u20138.","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem"},{"key":"844_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738109350438","volume":"1","author":"AJ Sophia Fox","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sophia Fox AJ, Bedi A, Rodeo SA. The basic science of articular cartilage: structure, composition, and function. Sports Health. 2009;1:461\u20138.","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"key":"844_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2004.07317.x","volume":"28","author":"M Ochi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ochi M, Adachi N, Nobuto H, Yanada S, Ito Y, Agung M. Articular cartilage repair using tissue engineering technique: novel approach with minimally invasive procedure. Artif Organs. 2004;28:28\u201332.","journal-title":"Artif Organs"},{"key":"844_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.770655","volume":"9","author":"Y Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Y, Shah KM, Luo J. Strategies for articular cartilage repair and regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021;9:770655.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"844_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-017-3047-4","volume":"434","author":"JH Rosenberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rosenberg JH, Rai V, Dilisio MF, Agrawal DK. Damage-associated molecular patterns in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: potentially novel therapeutic targets. Mol Cell Biochem. 2017;434:171\u20139.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"844_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt211","volume":"4","author":"CJ O'Conor","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Conor CJ, Case N, Guilak F. Mechanical regulation of chondrogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013;4:61.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"844_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2017.11.004","volume":"43","author":"S Sivanand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sivanand S, Viney I, Wellen KE. Spatiotemporal control of acetyl-CoA metabolism in chromatin regulation. Trends Biochem Sci. 2018;43:61\u201374.","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"key":"844_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096793","volume":"51","author":"HI Pas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pas HI, Winters M, Haisma HJ, Koenis MJ, Tol JL, Moen MH. Stem cell injections in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51:1125\u201333.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"844_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.06.019","volume":"70","author":"RE Miller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miller RE, Miller RJ, Malfait AM. Osteoarthritis joint pain: the cytokine connection. Cytokine. 2014;70:185\u201393.","journal-title":"Cytokine"}],"container-title":["Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13770-026-00844-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13770-026-00844-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13770-026-00844-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:16:10Z","timestamp":1792674970000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13770-026-00844-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["844"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13770-026-00844-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1738-2696","2212-5469"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1738-2696","type":"print"},{"value":"2212-5469","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"C.H.J. is a shareholder of AcesoStem Biostrategies Inc. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Human umbilical cord samples were collected under approval from the Institutional Review Board of the authors\u2019 institution (IRB No. 06-2012-78), and informed consent was obtained from the donors. Human cartilage disc samples were obtained under the same Institutional Review Board approval, and the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Board. All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the authors\u2019 institution (IACUC No. 2024-0011) and performed in accordance with relevant institutional guidelines. Detailed approval information will be provided after peer review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}