{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:25:07Z","timestamp":1761765907955},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0747-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T07:32:32Z","timestamp":1424331152000},"page":"431-441","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Clinical, epidemiological and virological features of acute hepatitis B in Italy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"name":"Study Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ornella","family":"Zuccaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Roman\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Mele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Clementi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Tosti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Taliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Remo","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enea","family":"Spada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"747_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60207-5","volume":"373","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liaw YF, Chu CM. Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet. 2009;373:582\u201392.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"747_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Available, from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs204\/en\/ . Updated April 2014."},{"key":"747_CR3","first-page":"281","volume":"1","author":"L Roman\u00f2","year":"2013","unstructured":"Roman\u00f2 L, Velati C, Cambi\u00e8 G, et al. Hepatitis B virus infection among first-time blood donors in Italy: prevalence and correlates between serological patterns and occult infection. Blood Transfus. 2013;1:281\u20138.","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"747_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.08.009","volume":"23","author":"T Stroffolini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stroffolini T, Guadagnino V, Rapicetta M, et al. The impact of a vaccination campaign against hepatitis B on the further decrease of hepatitis B virus infection in a southern Italian town over 14\u00a0years. Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23:e190\u20132.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"747_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318030e3ab","volume":"42","author":"P Fabris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fabris P, Baldo V, Baldovin T, et al. Changing epidemiology of HCV and HBV infections in Northern Italy: a survey in the general population. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42:527\u201332.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"747_CR6","unstructured":"Integrated epidemiological system for acute viral hepatitis. Available, from: http:\/\/www.iss.it\/seieva\/ . Updated April 2014."},{"key":"747_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1086\/528687","volume":"46","author":"A Mele","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mele A, Tosti ME, Mariano A, et al. Acute hepatitis B 14 years after the implementation of universal vaccination in Italy: areas of improvement and emerging challenges. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46:868\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"747_CR8","first-page":"784","volume":"14","author":"E Palumbo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Palumbo E, Scotto G, Cibelli DC, et al. Immigration and hepatitis B virus: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. East Mediterr Health J. 2008;14:784\u201390.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J."},{"key":"747_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-012-0384-9","volume":"41","author":"M Fasano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fasano M, Saracino A, Carosi G, et al. Hepatitis B and immigrants: a SIMIT multicenter cross-sectional study. Infection. 2013;41:53\u20139.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"747_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.65.476","volume":"65","author":"YH Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi YH. Correlation between hepatitis B virus genotypes and clinical outcomes. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2012;65:476\u201382.","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"747_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2010.06541.x","volume":"26","author":"CL Lin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lin CL, Kao JH. The clinical implications of hepatitis B virus genotype: recent advances. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;26:123\u201330.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"747_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21249","volume":"44","author":"A Ozasa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ozasa A, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al. Influence of genotypes and precore mutations on fulminant or chronic outcome of acute hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 2006;44:326\u201334.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"747_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116281","volume":"91","author":"T Ehata","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ehata T, Omata M, Chuang WL, et al. Mutations in core nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B virus correlate with fulminant and severe hepatitis. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:1206\u201313.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"747_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20616","volume":"78","author":"G Dal Molin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dal Molin G, Poli A, Croc\u00e8 LS, D\u2019Agaro P, et al. Hepatitis B virus genotypes, core promoter variants, and precore stop codon variants in patients infected chronically in North-Eastern Italy. J Med Virol. 2006;78:734\u201340.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"747_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4186","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.10.4186","volume":"88","author":"MR Brunetto","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brunetto MR, Giarin MM, Oliveri F, et al. Wild-type and e antigen-minus hepatitis B viruses and course of chronic hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:4186\u201390.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"747_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2006.00726.x","volume":"13","author":"MS Mitri De","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Mitri MS, Cassini R, Morsica G, et al. Virological analysis, genotypes and mutational patterns of the HBV precore\/core gene in HBV\/HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat. 2006;13:574\u201381.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"747_CR17","first-page":"493","volume":"17","author":"N Coppola","year":"2010","unstructured":"Coppola N, Masiello A, Tonziello G, et al. Factors affecting the changes in molecular epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in a Southern Italian area. J Viral Hepat. 2010;17:493\u2013500.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"747_CR18","first-page":"169","volume":"18","author":"G Scalia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scalia G, Russo R, Palermo I, et al. Clinical, virological and epidemiological aspects of acute B hepatitis in the Catania area (Italy). Infez Med. 2010;18:169\u201374.","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"747_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"O991","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12720","volume":"20","author":"N Coppola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coppola N, Sagnelli C, Pisaturo M, et al. Clinical and virological characteristics associated with severe acute hepatitis B. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:O991\u20137. doi: 10.1111\/1469-0691.12720 .","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"747_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.03.007","volume":"23","author":"T Stroffolini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stroffolini T, Rapicetta M, Lombardo F, et al. Historical study of acute hepatitis B in subjects with or without hepatitis C infection. Eur J Intern Med. 2012;23:e146\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"747_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.06.011","volume":"37","author":"A Rodella","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rodella A, Galli C, Terlenghi L, et al. Quantitative analysis of HBsAg, IgM anti-HBc and anti-HBc avidity in acute and chronic hepatitis B. J Clin Virol. 2006;37:206\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"747_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510290352","volume":"29","author":"HL Chan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chan HL, Hussain M, Lok AS. Different hepatitis B virus genotypes are associated with different mutations in the core promoter and precore regions during hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion. Hepatology. 1999;29:976\u201384.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"747_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)00100-8","volume":"34","author":"I Chemin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chemin I, Zoulim F, Merle P, et al. High incidence of hepatitis B infections among chronic hepatitis cases of unknown aetiology. J Hepatol. 2001;34:447\u201354.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"747_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24005","volume":"86","author":"C Sagnelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sagnelli C, Ciccozzi M, Pisaturo M, et al. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis B virus genotypes circulating in acute hepatitis B patients in the Campania region. J Med Virol. 2014;86:1683\u201393.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"747_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21309","volume":"80","author":"M Kobayashi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, Arase Y, et al. Change of hepatitis B virus genotypes in acute and chronic infections in Japan. J Med Virol. 2008;80:1880\u20134.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"747_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300832","volume":"61","author":"Y Tamada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tamada Y, Yatsuhashi H, Masaki N, et al. Hepatitis B virus strains of subgenotype A2 with an identical sequence spreading rapidly from the capital region to all over Japan in patients with acute hepatitis B. Gut. 2012;61:765\u201373.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"747_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20411","volume":"77","author":"H Yotsuyanagi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yotsuyanagi H, Okuse C, Yasuda K, et al. Distinct geographic distributions of hepatitis B virus genotypes in patients with acute infection in Japan. J Med Virol. 2005;77:39\u201346.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"747_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20820","volume":"79","author":"R Houdt van","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Houdt R, Bruisten SM, Koedijk FD, et al. Molecular epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in the Netherlands in 2004: nationwide survey. J Med Virol. 2007;79:895\u2013901.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"747_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2008.11.010","volume":"44","author":"RD Sloan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sloan RD, Strang AL, Ramsay ME, et al. Genotyping of acute HBV isolates from England, 1997-2001. J Clin Virol. 2009;44:157\u201360.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"747_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit348","volume":"57","author":"H Yotsuyanagi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yotsuyanagi H, Ito K, Yamada N, et al. High levels of hepatitis B virus after the onset of disease lead to chronic infection in patients with acute hepatitis B. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:935\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"747_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26635","volume":"59","author":"K Ito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Yatsuhashi H, et al. Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. Hepatology. 2014;59:89\u201397.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"747_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4077","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.9.4077","volume":"91","author":"AS Lok","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lok AS, Akarca U, Greene S. Mutations in the pre-core region of hepatitis B virus serve to enhance the stability of the secondary structure of the pre-genome encapsidation signal. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:4077\u201381.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"747_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10291","volume":"69","author":"VP Chulanov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chulanov VP, Shipulin GA, Schaefer S, et al. Kinetics of HBV DNA and HBsAg in acute hepatitis B patients with and without coinfection by other hepatitis viruses. J Med Virol. 2003;69:313\u201323.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"747_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.4.992","volume":"20","author":"KC Hyams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hyams KC. Risks of chronicity following acute hepatitis B virus infection: a review. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:992\u20131000.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"747_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0312","volume":"35","author":"SF Schillie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schillie SF, Spradling PR, Murphy TV. Immune response of hepatitis B vaccine among persons with diabetes: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 2012;35:2690\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"747_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2006.12.024","volume":"38","author":"F Tacke","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tacke F, Amini-Bavil-Olyaee S, Heim A, et al. Acute hepatitis B virus infection by genotype F despite successful vaccination in an immune-competent German patient. J Clin Virol. 2007;38:353\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"747_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2006.07.018","volume":"383","author":"F Ren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ren F, Tsubota A, Hirokawa T, et al. A unique amino acid substitution, T126I, in human genotype C of hepatitis B virus S gene and its possible influence on antigenic structural change. Gene. 2006;383:43\u201351.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"747_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.23236","volume":"9","author":"L Sticchi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sticchi L, Caligiuri P, Cacciani R, et al. Epidemiology of HBV S-gene mutants in the Liguria Region, Italy: implications for surveillance and detection of new escape variants. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013;9:568\u201371.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0747-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0747-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0747-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T13:39:57Z","timestamp":1559482797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0747-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["747"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-015-0747-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0300-8126"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1439-0973"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]]}}}