{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:11:29Z","timestamp":1793333489651,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Projekt DEAL"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To predict the course of immune recovery (IR) in HIV-1-infected patients after initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) by determination of the plasma concentration of Torque Teno Virus (TTV).<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>TTV has been identified as marker for risk assessment in immunosuppressed patients after transplantation procedures. Here, TTV was analyzed in HIV-1-infected therapy-na\u00efve patients to evaluate its use as predictor of the course of IR for guidance of individualized treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TTV DNA was quantified in plasma samples of 301 therapy-na\u00efve HIV-1-infected patients and correlated to CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell count, HIV viral load, presence of the herpes viruses CMV, EBV and HHV-8, age and sex. Patients were classified according to their initial CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell count and to the extent of CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T-cell increase within the first year of cART.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TTV DNA was detectable in 96% of the patients\u2019 plasma samples with a median TTV plasma concentration of 5.37 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      cop\/ml. The baseline CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell count was negatively correlated with TTV plasma concentration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003). In patients with a CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell recovery\u2009&lt;\u200950 cells\/\u00b5l, the median TTV plasma concentration was significantly higher compared to patients with a CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell recovery of\u2009&gt;\u2009200 CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells\/\u00b5l (5.68 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      cop\/ml versus 4.99 log\n                      <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                      cop\/ml;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.011). TTV plasma concentration in combination with baseline CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell count were significantly correlated to CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell recovery (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). For all other parameters considered, no significant correlation for CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell recovery was found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Within the cohort, the significantly elevated TTV plasma concentration in patients with diminished CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell recovery indicates a more profound immune defect. Baseline TTV plasma concentrations and CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cell count are predictive for the course of immune recovery in HIV-1-infected patients with severe immunodeficiency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-020-01573-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]],"date-time":"2021-02-03T12:03:12Z","timestamp":1612353792000},"page":"501-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Torque Teno Virus plasma level as novel biomarker of retained immunocompetence in HIV-infected patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1626-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.-E. O.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Keitel-Anselmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"di Cristanziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"B\u00f6hm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Knops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Heger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"de Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Oette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"H\u00e4ussinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"L\u00fcbke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12421","volume":"18","author":"S Teeraananchai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Teeraananchai S, Kerr SJ, Amin J, Ruxrungtham K, Law MG. Life expectancy of HIV-positive people after starting combination antiretroviral therapy: a meta-analysis. HIV Med. 2017;18(4):256\u201366.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1573_CR2","first-page":"291","volume":"64","author":"A Degli Antoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Degli Antoni A, Weimer LE, Fragola V, Giacometti A, Sozio F. A reduction grade of lipodystrophy and limited side effects after HAART regimen with raltegravir, lamivudine, darunavir and ritonavir in an HIV-1 infected patient after six years of antiretroviral therapy. West Indian Med J. 2015;64(3):291\u20133.","journal-title":"West Indian Med J"},{"key":"1573_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325958219849061","author":"NH Khan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khan NH, Kohli M, Gupta K, Das BK, Pandey RM, Sinha S. HIV drug resistance mutations in patients with HIV and HIV-TB coinfection after failure of first-line therapy: a prevalence study in a resource-limited setting. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2325958219849061.","journal-title":"J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1573_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002136","volume":"82","author":"T Archampong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Archampong T, Ojewale O, Bears K, Chen Y, Lartey M, Sagoe KW, et al. Brief report: relationship between ABCC4 SNPs and hepatitis B virus suppression during tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy in patients with HIV\/HBV coinfection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;82(4):421\u20135.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2017.1416099","volume":"19","author":"S Menez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Menez S, Hanouneh M, McMahon BA, Fine DM, Atta MG. Pharmacotherapy and treatment options for HIV-associated nephropathy. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2018;19(1):39\u201348.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"4","key":"1573_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001943","volume":"80","author":"A Baumann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baumann A, Musaazi J, Kambugu A, Kalin M, Weissberg D, Ssemwanga D, et al. Virological outcome of patients with HIV drug resistance attending an urban outpatient clinic in Uganda: a need for structured adherence counseling and third-line treatment options. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019;80(4):481\u20137.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-016-0937-2","volume":"62","author":"MD Dang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dang MD, Nguyen DM, Tran HB, Pham VH, Spak D, Pham LC, et al. Clinical characteristics of pediatric HIV-1 patients treated with first-line antiretroviral therapy in Vietnam: a nested case-control study. Int J Public Health. 2017;62(1):113\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1573_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-157-5-201209040-00004","volume":"157","author":"K Naidoo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naidoo K, Yende-Zuma N, Padayatchi N, Naidoo K, Jithoo N, Nair G, et al. The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after antiretroviral therapy initiation in patients with tuberculosis: findings from the SAPiT trial. Ann Intern Med. 2012;157(5):313\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.1.98-113.2001","volume":"14","author":"M Bendinelli","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bendinelli M, Pistello M, Maggi F, Fornai C, Freer G, Vatteroni ML. Molecular properties, biology, and clinical implications of TT virus, a recently identified widespread infectious agent of humans. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(1):98\u2013113.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"1573_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"331","author":"H Okamoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okamoto H. History of discoveries and pathogenicity of TT viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009;331:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1573_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6891","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00273-10","volume":"84","author":"F Maggi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maggi F, Focosi D, Albani M, Lanini L, Vatteroni ML, Petrini M, et al. Role of hematopoietic cells in the maintenance of chronic human torquetenovirus plasma viremia. J Virol. 2010;84(13):6891\u20133.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1573_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1035","volume":"64","author":"F Maggi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maggi F, Fornai C, Zaccaro L, Morrica A, Vatteroni ML, Isola P, et al. TT virus (TTV) loads associated with different peripheral blood cell types and evidence for TTV replication in activated mononuclear cells. J Med Virol. 2001;64(2):190\u20134.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1545","volume":"301","author":"LF Mariscal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mariscal LF, Lopez-Alcorocho JM, Rodriguez-Inigo E, Ortiz-Movilla N, de Lucas S, Bartolome J, et al. TT virus replicates in stimulated but not in nonstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Virology. 2002;301(1):121\u20139.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1573_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2008.00714.x","volume":"21","author":"P Burra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Burra P, Masier A, Boldrin C, Calistri A, Andreoli E, Senzolo M, et al. Torque Teno Virus: any pathological role in liver transplanted patients? Transpl Int. 2008;21(10):972\u20139.","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"24","key":"1573_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11999","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.24.11999-12004.2001","volume":"75","author":"F Maggi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maggi F, Pistello M, Vatteroni M, Presciuttini S, Marchi S, Isola P, et al. Dynamics of persistent TT virus infection, as determined in patients treated with alpha interferon for concomitant hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol. 2001;75(24):11999\u20132004.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1573_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20278","volume":"75","author":"F Maggi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maggi F, Tempestini E, Lanini L, Andreoli E, Fornai C, Giannecchini S, et al. Blood levels of TT virus following immune stimulation with influenza or hepatitis B vaccine. J Med Virol. 2005;75(2):358\u201365.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1573_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-191","volume":"10","author":"AK Tyagi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tyagi AK, Pradier A, Baumer O, Uppugunduri CR, Huezo-Diaz P, Posfay-Barbe KM, et al. Validation of SYBR Green based quantification assay for the detection of human Torque Teno Virus titers from plasma. Virol J. 2013;10:191.","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1573_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200103300-00004","volume":"15","author":"T Shibayama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shibayama T, Masuda G, Ajisawa A, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Tsuda F, et al. Inverse relationship between the titre of TT virus DNA and the CD4 cell count in patients infected with HIV. AIDS. 2001;15(5):563\u201370.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"3","key":"1573_CR19","first-page":"e59363","volume":"6","author":"M Taheri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taheri M, Motamedifar M, Sarvari J, Yaghobi R, Nikouyan N, Pirbonyeh N, et al. Higher frequency of transfusion-transmitted virus (TTV) in HIV patients in comparison with healthy blood donors. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2017;6(3):e59363.","journal-title":"Int J High Risk Behav Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20756","volume":"79","author":"K Thom","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thom K, Petrik J. Progression towards AIDS leads to increased Torque Teno Virus and torque teno minivirus titers in tissues of HIV infected individuals. J Med Virol. 2007;79(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1573_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-009-0440-7","volume":"154","author":"S Devalle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Devalle S, Rua F, Morgado MG, Niel C. Variations in the frequencies of Torque Teno Virus subpopulations during HAART treatment in HIV-1-coinfected patients. Arch Virol. 2009;154(8):1285\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"1573_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.09.004","volume":"72","author":"L Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li L, Deng X, Da Costa AC, Bruhn R, Deeks SG, Delwart E. Virome analysis of antiretroviral-treated HIV patients shows no correlation between T-cell activation and anelloviruses levels. J Clin Virol. 2015;72:106\u201313.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1573_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200208160-00014","volume":"16","author":"EM Moen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moen EM, Sleboda J, Grinde B. Serum concentrations of TT virus and TT virus-like mini virus in patients developing AIDS. AIDS. 2002;16(12):1679\u201382.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"issue":"3","key":"1573_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122975","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122975","volume":"10","author":"I Gorzer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gorzer I, Jaksch P, Kundi M, Seitz T, Klepetko W, Puchhammer-Stockl E. Pre-transplant plasma Torque Teno Virus load and increase dynamics after lung transplantation. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0122975.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2017.09.020","volume":"24","author":"P Wohlfarth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wohlfarth P, Leiner M, Schoergenhofer C, Hopfinger G, Goerzer I, Puchhammer-Stoeckl E, et al. Torquetenovirus dynamics and immune marker properties in patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective longitudinal study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018;24(1):194\u20139.","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"1573_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit423","volume":"209","author":"K Beland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beland K, Dore-Nguyen M, Gagne MJ, Patey N, Brassard J, Alvarez F, et al. Torque Teno Virus in children who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation: new insights about a common pathogen. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(2):247\u201354.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1573_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2013.12.007","volume":"33","author":"I Gorzer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gorzer I, Haloschan M, Jaksch P, Klepetko W, Puchhammer-Stockl E. Plasma DNA levels of torque Teno Virus and immunosuppression after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2014;33(3):320\u20133.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"1573_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.034","volume":"155","author":"I De Vlaminck","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Vlaminck I, Khush KK, Strehl C, Kohli B, Luikart H, Neff NF, et al. Temporal response of the human virome to immunosuppression and antiviral therapy. Cell. 2013;155(5):1178\u201387.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"1573_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1159\/000332015","volume":"55","author":"M Oette","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oette M, Reuter S, Kaiser R, Lengauer T, F\u00e4tkenheuer G, Knechten H, et al. Epidemiology of transmitted drug resistance in chronically HIV-infected patients in Germany: the RESINA study 2001\u20132009. Intervirology. 2012;55(2):154\u20139.","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1573_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200205000-00003","volume":"13","author":"K Steinberg","year":"2002","unstructured":"Steinberg K, Beck J, Nickerson D, Garcia-Closas M, Gallagher M, Caggana M, et al. DNA banking for epidemiologic studies: a review of current practices. Epidemiology. 2002;13(3):246\u201354.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1573_CR31","first-page":"61","volume":"7","author":"A Mohamadkhani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohamadkhani A, Poustchi H. Repository of human blood derivative biospecimens in biobank: technical implications. Middle East J Dig Dis. 2015;7(2):61\u20138.","journal-title":"Middle East J Dig Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2004.10.003","volume":"33","author":"M Jos\u00e9","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jos\u00e9 M, Gajardo R, Jorquera JI. Stability of HCV, HIV-1 and HBV nucleic acids in plasma samples under long-term storage. Biologicals. 2004;33(1):9\u201316.","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"issue":"9","key":"1573_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02447-10","volume":"49","author":"C Baleriola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baleriola C, Johal H, Jacka B, Chaverot S, Bowden S, Lacey S, et al. Stability of hepatitis C virus, HIV, and hepatitis B virus nucleic acids in plasma samples after long-term storage at \u2212\u00a020\u00b0C and \u2212\u00a070\u00b0C. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49(9):3163\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1573_CR34","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"U Sadiq","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sadiq U, Shrestha U, Guzman N. HIV prevention of opportunistic infections BTI - StatPearls. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020."},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x","volume":"12","author":"A Antinori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Antinori A, Coenen T, Costagiola D, Dedes N, Ellefson M, Gatell J, et al. Late presentation of HIV infection: a consensus definition. HIV Med. 2011;12(1):61\u20134.","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"1573_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.4.2418-2425.2003","volume":"77","author":"F Maggi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maggi F, Pifferi M, Fornai C, Andreoli E, Tempestini E, Vatteroni M, et al. TT virus in the nasal secretions of children with acute respiratory diseases: relations to viremia and disease severity. J Virol. 2003;77(4):2418\u201325.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1573_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2010.04.008","volume":"16","author":"S Sch\u00f6nberger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6nberger S, Meisel R, Adams O, Pufal Y, Laws HJ, Enczmann J, et al. Prospective, comprehensive, and effective viral monitoring in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2010;16(10):1428\u201335.","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"1573_CR38","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates; 1988.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"2","key":"1573_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1744-1","volume":"32","author":"M Garcia-Alvarez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garcia-Alvarez M, Berenguer J, Alvarez E, Guzman-Fulgencio M, Cosin J, Miralles P, et al. Association of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV) with liver disease among patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2013;32(2):289\u201397.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1573_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2018.06.010","volume":"105","author":"D Kulifaj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kulifaj D, Durgueil-Lariviere B, Meynier F, Munteanu E, Pichon N, Dub\u00e9 M, et al. Development of a standardized real time PCR for Torque Teno Viruses (TTV) viral load detection and quantification: A new tool for immune monitoring. J Clin Virol. 2018;105:118\u201327.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1573_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1310\/8C94-VYPQ-NG1H-4CNW","volume":"3","author":"CD Madsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Madsen CD, Eugen-Olsen J, Kirk O, Parner J, Kaae Christensen J, Brasholt MS, et al. TTV viral load as a marker for immune reconstitution after initiation of HAART in HIV-infected patients. HIV Clin Trials. 2002;3(4):287\u201395.","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"issue":"40","key":"1573_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2019.11.002","volume":"26","author":"J Schmitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmitz J, Kobbe G, Kondakci M, Schuler E, Magorsch M, Adams O. The value of Torque Teno Virus (TTV) as a marker for the degree of immunosuppression in adult patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2020;26(40):643\u201350.","journal-title":"Biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"1573_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200202150-00007","volume":"16","author":"GR Kaufmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaufmann GR, Bloch M, Finlayson R, Zaunders J, Smith D, Cooper DA. The extent of HIV-1-related immunodeficiency and age predict the long-term CD4 T lymphocyte response to potent antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2002;16(3):359\u201367.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"17","key":"1573_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012010-00002","volume":"14","author":"MM Lederman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lederman MM, McKinnis R, Kelleher D, Cutrell A, Mellors J, Neisler M, et al. Cellular restoration in HIV infected persons treated with abacavir and a protease inhibitor: age inversely predicts naive CD4 cell count increase. AIDS. 2000;14(17):2635\u201342.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"1573_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1086\/319678","volume":"183","author":"JP Viard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Viard JP, Mocroft A, Chiesi A, Kirk O, R\u00f8ge B, Panos G, et al. Influence of age on CD4 cell recovery in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy: evidence from the EuroSIDA study. J Infect Dis. 2001;183(1):1290\u20134.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1573_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-46","volume":"4","author":"M Tumbarello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tumbarello M, Rabagliati R, De Gaetano DK, Bertagnolio S, Tamburrini E, Tacconelli E, et al. Older HIV-positive patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: changing of a scenario. BMC Infect Dis. 2003;4:46.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"1573_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.49.2000571","volume":"4","author":"DF Hamilton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamilton DF, Ghert M, Simpson AH. Interpreting regression models in clinical outcome studies. Bone Joint Res. 2015;4(9):152\u20133.","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"1573_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1800762","volume":"379","author":"G Meintjes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meintjes G, Stek C, Blumenthal L, Thienemann F, Schutz C, Buyze J, et al. Prednisone for the prevention of paradoxical tuberculosis-associated IRIS. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(20):1915\u201325.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-020-01573-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-020-01573-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-020-01573-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T14:32:40Z","timestamp":1622125960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-020-01573-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-020-01573-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The RESINA study was approved by the local ethics committees for each site. The study was registered with the internal study number 4826R and the registration ID 2014042307.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before any screening procedures.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All data and material are available.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}}]}}