{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:35:11Z","timestamp":1772120111002,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012320","name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimal diagnostic specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 by PCR in the upper respiratory tract is unclear. Mouthwash fluid has been reported as an alternative to nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. We compared mouthwash fluid with a combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab regarding test performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a large refugee facility, we retested individuals with a previous positive test for SARS-CoV-2 and their quarantined close contacts. All individuals were asymptomatic at the time of testing. First, a mouthwash (gargling for at least 5\u00a0s) with sterile water was performed. Then, with a single flocked swab the back of the throat and subsequently the nasopharynx were sampled. Samples were inactivated and analysed on a Roche cobas 6800\n                      <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                      system with the Roche SARS-CoV-2 test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 76 individuals, 39 (51%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by oro-nasopharyngeal swab. Mouthwash detected 13 of 76 (17%) infections, but did not detect any additional infection. Samples that were positive in both tests, had lower cycle threshold (\n                      <jats:italic>Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                      )-values for oro-nasopharyngeal samples, indicating a higher virus concentration, compared to samples only positive in oro-nasopharyngeal swabs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mouthwash is not as sensitive as combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab in detecting upper respiratory tract infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01600-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T15:38:11Z","timestamp":1616081891000},"page":"527-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A combined oro-nasopharyngeal swab is more sensitive than mouthwash in detecting SARS-CoV-2 by a high-throughput PCR assay"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Wiebke","family":"Michel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"F\u00e4rber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milica","family":"Dilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Gert","family":"Heuft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Tammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jannik","family":"Baar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6659-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achim J.","family":"Kaasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","volume":"382","author":"N Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:727\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004845","volume":"131","author":"S Ludwig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ludwig S, Zarbock A. Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: A brief overview. Anesth Analg. 2020;131:93\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004845.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1600_CR3","unstructured":"WHO. Scientific Brief: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. 2020.  https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/commentaries\/detail\/transmission-of-sars-cov-2-implications-for-infection-prevention-precautions."},{"key":"1600_CR4","unstructured":"Department of Communications, WHO Global. Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases. WHO Reference Number: WHO\/COVID-19\/laboratory\/2020.5. 2020. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117."},{"key":"1600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2106","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2106","volume":"30","author":"Y Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan Y, Chang L, Wang L. Laboratory testing of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV): Current status, challenges, and countermeasures. Rev Med Virol. 2020;30:e2106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/rmv.2106.","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"1600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohammadi A, Esmaeilzadeh E, Li Y, Bosch RJ, Li J. SARS-CoV-2 detection in different respiratory sites: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EBioMedicine. 2020;102903. ISSN 2352-3964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102903.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102903"},{"key":"1600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.015","volume":"158","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Zhang X, Sun J, et al. Differences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shedding duration in sputum and nasopharyngeal swab specimens among adult inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019. Chest. 2020;158:1876\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2020.06.015.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00776","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00776-20","volume":"58","author":"E Williams","year":"2020","unstructured":"Williams E, Bond K, Zhang B, Putland M, Williamson DA. Saliva as a noninvasive specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58:e00776-e820. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.00776-20.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa416","volume":"71","author":"WL Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo WL, Jiang Q, Ye F, et al. Effect of throat washings on detection of 2019 novel coronavirus. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71:1980\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa416.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01600-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01600-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01600-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T14:31:48Z","timestamp":1622125908000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01600-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01600-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.09.25.20201541","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"JF reports personal fees from Biom\u00e9rieux and the Medical Association of Saxony-Anhalt, outside the submitted work; WM, MD, HGH, IT, JB and AJK report no conflicts of interest. There was no specific funding for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was performed according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (approval number 74\/20). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their guardians.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}]}}