{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T19:24:50Z","timestamp":1790364290550,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-021-01741-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T19:03:46Z","timestamp":1642619026000},"page":"329-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Global epidemiology of childhood bone and joint infection: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6436-3244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Hunter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph F.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1741_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160027","author":"AD Iliadis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iliadis AD, Ramachandran M. Paediatric bone and joint infection. EFORT Open Rev. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160027.","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"key":"1741_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.26355\/eurrev_201904_17484","volume":"23","author":"A Gigante","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gigante A, Coppa V, Marinelli M, Giampaolini N, Falcioni D, Specchia N. Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;23:145\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26355\/eurrev_201904_17484.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1741_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B9.22530","volume":"91","author":"SN Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang SN, Sanghera T, Mangwani J, Paterson JMH, Ramachandran M. The management of septic arthritis in children: systematic review of the English language literature. J Bone Jt Surg Ser B. 2009;91:1127\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.91B9.22530.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Ser B"},{"key":"1741_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.28523","volume":"94B","author":"J Dartnell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dartnell J, Ramachandran M, Katchburian M. Haematogenous acute and subacute paediatric osteomyelitis: a systematic review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2012;94B:584\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.94B5.28523.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1741_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0566","author":"CBD Lavy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lavy CBD. The clinical features and surgical treatment of acute septic arthritis in Malawian children. PQDT Glob. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2005-0566.","journal-title":"PQDT Glob"},{"key":"1741_CR6","first-page":"23","volume":"79","author":"YS Tanwar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tanwar YS, Jaiswal A, Singh S, Arya RK, Lal H. Acute pediatric septic arthritis: a systematic review of literature and current controversies. Polish Orthop Traumatol. 2014;79:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Polish Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"1741_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200012000-00016","volume":"19","author":"SM Graham","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graham SM, Molyneux EM, Walsh AL, Cheesbrough JS, Molyneux ME, Hart CA. Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections of children in tropical Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000;19:1189\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006454-200012000-00016.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"1741_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.01.006","author":"M P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","year":"2015","unstructured":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen M, Kallio MJT, Peltola H, Kallio PE. Antibiotic treatment and surgery for acute hematogenous calcaneal osteomyelitis of childhood. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.jfas.2015.01.006.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.01112","volume":"97","author":"RG Marx","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marx RG, Wilson SM, Swiontkowski MF. Updating the assignment of levels of evidence. J Bone Jt Surg - Am. 2015;97:1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.N.01112.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg - Am"},{"key":"1741_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/14.4.600","volume":"14","author":"WJ Gillespie","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gillespie WJ. The epidemiology of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis of childhood. Int J Epidemiol. 1985;14:600\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/14.4.600.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1741_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/00365549850161124","volume":"30","author":"LB Dahl","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dahl LB, H\u00f8yland A-L, Dramsdahl H, Kaaresen PI. Acute Osteomyelitis in Children: A Population-based Retrospective Study 1965 to 1994. Scand J Infect Dis. 1998;30:573\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365549850161124.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1741_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-8-45","volume":"8","author":"\u00d8R Riise","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riise \u00d8R, Kirkhus E, Handeland KS, Flat\u00f8 B, Reiseter T, Cvancarova M, et al. Childhood osteomyelitis-incidence and differentiation from other acute onset musculoskeletal features in a population-based study. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8:45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2431-8-45.","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"1741_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.13909","volume":"107","author":"E Laurent","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laurent E, Petit L, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Bernard L, Odent T, Grammatico-Guillon L. National epidemiological study reveals longer paediatric bone and joint infection stays for infants and in general hospitals. Acta Paediatr. 2018;107:1270\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.13909.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1741_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e120","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12115","volume":"102","author":"L Grammatico-Guillon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grammatico-Guillon L, Maakaroun Vermesse Z, Baron S, Gettner S, Rusch E, Bernard L. Paediatric bone and joint infections are more common in boys and toddlers: a national epidemiology study. Acta Paediatr. 2013;102:e120\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/apa.12115.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"1741_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2017.06.004","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Nochioka K, Marcia T. Nationwide survey of pediatric septic arthritis in the United States. J Orthop. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jor.2017.06.004.","journal-title":"J Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015355","volume":"98","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee MU, Kim T-H. Nationwide epidemiologic study for pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in South Korea. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98: e15355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000015355.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1741_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000441","author":"Y Okubo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Okubo Y, Nochioka K, Testa M. Nationwide survey of pediatric acute osteomyelitis in the USA. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000441.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"1741_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-199910000-00014","author":"P Christiansen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Christiansen P, Frederiksen B, Glazowski J, Scavenius M, Knudsen FU. Epidemiologic, bacteriologic, and long-term follow-up data of children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis: a ten-year review. J Pediatr Orthop B. 1999. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01202412-199910000-00014.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"1741_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.10699","volume":"83","author":"MJG Blyth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blyth MJG, Kincaid R, Craigen MAC, Bennet GC. The changing epidemiology of acute and subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children. J Bone Jt Surg Ser B. 2001;83:99\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.10699.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Ser B"},{"key":"1741_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-005-1432-7","volume":"21","author":"D Malcius","year":"2005","unstructured":"Malcius D, Trumpulyte G, Barauskas V, Kilda A. Two decades of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children: are there any changes? Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21:356\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00383-005-1432-7.","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1741_CR21","first-page":"81","volume":"75","author":"D Shivarathre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shivarathre D, George H, Kaimal N, James L. Epidemiology of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children\u2014a single unit\u2019s experience over three different time-periods. Acta Orthop Belg. 2009;75(1):81\u20136.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"1741_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305860","author":"A Mitha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mitha A, Boutry N, Nectoux E, Petyt C, Lagr\u00e9e M, Happiette L, et al. Community-acquired bone and joint infections in children: a 1-year prospective epidemiological study. Arch Dis Child. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2013-305860.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"1741_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.025","author":"C Juchler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Juchler C, Spyropoulou V, Wagner N, Merlini L, Dhouib A, Manzano S, et al. The contemporary bacteriologic epidemiology of osteoarticular infections in children in Switzerland. J Pediatr. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.11.025.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"1741_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-1509","volume":"144","author":"E Samara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Samara E, Spyropoulou V, Tabard-Foug\u00e8re A, Merlini L, Valaikaite R, Dhouib A, et al. Kingella kingae and osteoarticular infections. Pediatrics. 2019;144: e20191509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2019-1509.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1741_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.63b1.7009619","volume":"63B","author":"WJ Gillespie","year":"1981","unstructured":"Gillespie WJ, Mayo KM. The managment of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in the antibiotic era. A study of the outcome. J Bone Jt Surg Ser B. 1981;63B:126\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.63b1.7009619.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Ser B"},{"key":"1741_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318186eb4b","volume":"28","author":"OA Gafur","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gafur OA, Copley LAB, Hollmig ST, Browne RH, Thornton LA, Crawford SE. The impact of the current epidemiology of pediatric musculoskeletal infection on evaluation and treatment guidelines. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:777\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318186eb4b.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.21037\/qims.2016.04.01","volume":"6","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee YJ, Sadigh S, Mankad K, Kapse N, Rajeswaran G. The imaging of osteomyelitis. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2016;6:184\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims.2016.04.01.","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.12.012","volume":"96","author":"JL Labb\u00e9","year":"2010","unstructured":"Labb\u00e9 JL, Peres O, Leclair O, Goulon R, Scemama P, Jourdel F, et al. Acute osteomyelitis in children: the pathogenesis revisited? Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2010;96:268\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otsr.2009.12.012.","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"key":"1741_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000332","volume":"35","author":"M Street","year":"2015","unstructured":"Street M, Puna R, Huang M, Crawford H. Pediatric acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2015;35:634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000332.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002885","volume":"95","author":"A Brischetto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brischetto A, Leung G, Marshall CS, Bowen AC. A Retrospective case-series of children with bone and joint infection from northern Australia. Medicine (USA). 2016;95: e2885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002885.","journal-title":"Medicine (USA)"},{"key":"1741_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4743-2","author":"B Munshi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Munshi B, MacFater W, Hill AG, McCaig EH. Paediatric osteomyelitis in Fiji. World J Surg. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00268-018-4743-2.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-020-04611-z","author":"S Hunter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hunter S, Baker JF. Ten-year retrospective review of paediatric septic arthritis in a New Zealand centre. Int Orthop. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-020-04611-z.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-004-0597-3","author":"M Rossaak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rossaak M, Pitto RP. Osteomyelitis in Polynesian children. Int Orthop. 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-004-0597-3.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fms044","author":"N Stoesser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stoesser N, Pocock J, Moore CE, Soeng S, Hor PC, Sar P, et al. The epidemiology of pediatric bone and joint infections in cambodia, 2007\u201311. J Trop Pediatr. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fms044.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"1741_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015355","volume":"98","author":"J Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim J, Lee MU, Kim TH. Nationwide epidemiologic study for pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in South Korea: A cross-sectional study of national health insurance review and assessment service. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98: e15355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000015355.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1741_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3211-6","author":"E Cohen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cohen E, Lifshitz K, Fruchtman Y, Eidelman M, Leibovitz E. Current data on acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in children in Southern Israel: epidemiology, microbiology, clinics and therapeutic consequences. Int Orthop. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00264-016-3211-6.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR37","first-page":"374","volume":"74","author":"Q Rasmont","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rasmont Q, Yombi JC, Van Der Linden D, Docquier PL. Osteoarticular infections in Belgian children: A survey of clinical, biological, radiological and microbiological data. Acta Orthop Belg. 2008;74:374\u201385.","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"key":"1741_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1453357","volume":"16","author":"E Chiappini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chiappini E, Krzysztofiak A, Bozzola E, Gabiano C, Esposito S, Lo Vecchio A, et al. Risk factors associated with complications\/sequelae of acute and subacute haematogenous osteomyelitis: an Italian multicenter study. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2018;16:351\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14787210.2018.1453357.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"1741_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000934","volume":"39","author":"CA Refakis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Refakis CA, Arkader A, Baldwin KD, Spiegel DA, Sankar WN. Predicting periarticular infection in children with septic arthritis of the hip: regionally derived criteria may not apply to all populations. J Pediatr Orthop. 2019;39:268\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000934.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31817bb816","volume":"28","author":"J Saavedra-Lozano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saavedra-Lozano J, Mej\u00edas A, Ahmad N, Peromingo E, Ardura MI, Guillen S, et al. Changing trends in acute osteomyelitis in children: Impact of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. J Pediatr Orthop. 2008;28:569\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31817bb816.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922809352805","author":"G Erdem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Erdem G, Salazar R, Kimata C, Simasathien T, Len KA, Bergert L, et al. Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in Hawaii. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0009922809352805.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr (Phila)"},{"key":"1741_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00538.x","volume":"41","author":"ED Goergens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goergens ED, McEvoy A, Watson M, Barrett IR. Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41:59\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00538.x.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1741_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.15139","author":"RL Hoswell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoswell RL, Johns BP, Loewenthal MR, Dewar DC. Outcomes of paediatric septic arthritis of the hip and knee at 1\u201320 years in an Australian urban centre. ANZ J Surg. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ans.15139.","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(82)93701-X","volume":"4","author":"E Molyneux","year":"1982","unstructured":"Molyneux E, French G. Salmonella joint infection in Malawian children. J Infect. 1982;4:131\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0163-4453(82)93701-X.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"1741_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199404000-00004","volume":"76","author":"EHM Lauschke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lauschke EHM, Frey CT. Hematogenous osteomyelitis in infants and children in the Northwestern region of Namibia. Management and two-year results. J Bone Jt Surg A. 1994;76:502\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/00004623-199404000-00004.","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg A"},{"key":"1741_CR46","unstructured":"Visser H. Paediatric septic arthritis in tertiary setting. 2010;92. Available from http:\/\/www.scielo.org.za\/pdf\/saoj\/v9n2\/v9n2a14.pdf"},{"key":"1741_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0189-6725.143136","author":"AM Ali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ali AM, Maya E, Lakhoo K. Challenges in managing paediatric osteomyelitis in the developing world: analysis of cases presenting to a tertiary referral centre in Tanzania. African J Paediatr Surg. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0189-6725.143136.","journal-title":"African J Paediatr Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR48","first-page":"40","volume":"36","author":"D Mue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mue D, Salihu M, Awonusi F, Yongu W, Kortor J, Elachi I. The epidemiology and outcome of acute septic arthritis: a hospital based study. J West African Coll Surg. 2013;36:40\u201352.","journal-title":"J West African Coll Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.9734\/jammr\/2020\/v32i2130694","volume":"32","author":"NK Emeagui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emeagui NK, Obu GO, Opara HIO, Emeagui OD, Ajaegbu OC, Esievoadje SE, et al. Paediatric osteomyelitis in a tertiary hospital in South-South Nigeria clinical experience at federal medical centre Asaba. J Adv Med Med Res. 2020;32:57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9734\/jammr\/2020\/v32i2130694.","journal-title":"J Adv Med Med Res."},{"key":"1741_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4103\/1117-6806.199968","volume":"23","author":"N Omoke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Omoke N, Obasi A. Childhood pyogenic septic arthritis as seen in a teaching hospital South East Nigeria. Niger J Surg. 2017;23:26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1117-6806.199968.","journal-title":"Niger J Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR51","first-page":"S209","volume":"94","author":"P Sukswai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sukswai P, Kovitvanitcha D, Thumkunanon V, Chotpitayasunondh T, Sangtawesin V, Jeerathanyasakun Y. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children: clinical characteristics and outcomes study. J Med Assoc Thai. 2011;94:S209\u201316.","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"1741_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02740.x","volume":"51","author":"Y Yamagishi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamagishi Y, Togawa M, Shiomi M. Septic arthritis and acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in childhood at a tertiary hospital in Japan. Pediatr Int. 2009;51:371\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2008.02740.x.","journal-title":"Pediatr Int"},{"key":"1741_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32835c530a","volume":"22","author":"AR Kini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kini AR, Shetty V, Kumar AM, Shetty SM, Shetty A. Community-associated, methicillin-susceptible, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bone and joint infections in children: experience from India. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2013;22:158\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BPB.0b013e32835c530a.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"1741_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/583013","author":"S Yadav","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yadav S, Dhillon MS, Aggrawal S, Tripathy SK. Microorganisms and their sensitivity pattern in septic arthritis of north Indian children: a prospective study from tertiary care level hospital. ISRN Orthop. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2013\/583013.","journal-title":"ISRN Orthop"},{"key":"1741_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/1602400225","volume":"24","author":"ACC Chou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chou ACC, Mahadev A. Acute bacterial osteomyelitis in children. J Orthop Surg. 2016;24:250\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1602400225.","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg"},{"key":"1741_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2016.09.001","volume":"8","author":"G Motwani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Motwani G, Mehta R, Aroojis A, Vaidya S. Current trends of microorganisms and their sensitivity pattern in paediatric septic arthritis: a prospective study from tertiary care level hospital. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2017;8:89\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcot.2016.09.001.","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1741_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.26719\/2000.6.1.89","volume":"6","author":"HAL Mousa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Mousa HAL, Abaid MG. Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis: Microbial conversion and unusual age presentation. East Mediterr Heal J. 2000;6:89\u201392.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Heal J"},{"key":"1741_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14050477","volume":"14","author":"E Chiappini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiappini E, Camposampiero C, Lazzeri S, Indolfi G, De Martino M, Galli L. Epidemiology and management of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in a tertiary paediatric center. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14:477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14050477.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1741_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmw102","volume":"63","author":"L Osei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osei L, El Houmami N, Minodier P, Sika A, Basset T, Seligmann H, et al. Paediatric bone and joint infections in French Guiana: a 6 year retrospective review. J Trop Pediatr. 2017;63:380\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tropej\/fmw102.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"1741_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268814000053","volume":"142","author":"DA Williamson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Williamson DA, Ritchie SR, Roberts SA, Coombs GW, Thomas MG, Hannaford O, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of community-onset invasive Staphylococcus aureus infection in New Zealand children. Epidemiol Infect. 2014;142:1713\u201321.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1741_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-0566","author":"CE Bocchini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bocchini CE, Hulten KG, Mason EO, Gonzalez BE, Hammerman WA, Kaplan SL. Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes are associated with enhanced inflammatory response and local disease in acute hematogenous Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis in children. Pediatrics. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2005-0566.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01741-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01741-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01741-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T14:11:16Z","timestamp":1648044676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01741-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-021-01741-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no potential conflicts of interest identified in the creation of this systematic review.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}