{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:44:21Z","timestamp":1787816661705,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sanit\u00e4tsakademie der Bundeswehr"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Monkeypox is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus infection endemic in central and western Africa. In May 2022, human monkeypox infections including human-to-human transmission were reported in a multi-country outbreak in Europe and North America.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentations<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here we present the first two cases of monkeypox infection in humans diagnosed in Germany. We present clinical and virological findings, including the detection of monkeypox virus DNA in blood and semen. The clinical presentation and medical history of our patients suggest close physical contact during sexual interactions as the route of infection.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Monkeypox requires rapid diagnosis and prompt public health response. The disease should be considered in the current situation especially the differential diagnosis of vesicular or pustular rash, particularly in patients with frequent sexual contacts. Most importantly, it is essential to raise awareness among all health professionals for the rapid and correct recognition and diagnosis of this disease, which is probably still underreported in Europe (Adler et al. in Lancet Infect Dis <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00228-6\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00228-6<\/jats:ext-link>, 2022).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01874-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T13:03:07Z","timestamp":1657544587000},"page":"265-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Clinical and virological features of first human monkeypox cases in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Noe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Zange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Seilmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus H.","family":"Antwerpen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Fenzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph D.","family":"Spinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim J.","family":"Bugert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clemens-Martin","family":"Wendtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8756-7821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"W\u00f6lfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1874_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00228-6","author":"H Adler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adler H, Gould S, Hine P, Snell LB, Wong W, Houlihan CF, et al. Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(22)00228-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1874_CR2","unstructured":"ECDC. Risk assessment: monkeypox multi-country outbreak [Internet]. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. 2022. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/risk-assessment-monkeypox-multi-country-outbreak. Accessed 31 May 2022."},{"key":"1874_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007791","volume":"13","author":"EM Beer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beer EM, Rao VB. A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13: e0007791.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1874_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hobson G, Adamson J, Adler H, Firth R, Gould S, Houlihan C, et al. Family cluster of three cases of monkeypox imported from Nigeria to the United Kingdom, May 2021. Eurosurveillance [Internet]. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2021. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8365177\/. Accessed 31 May 2022.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2021.26.32.2100745"},{"key":"1874_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2010.07.012","volume":"169","author":"Y Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhao H, Wilkins K, Hughes C, Damon IK. Real-time PCR assays for the specific detection of monkeypox virus West African and congo basin strain DNA. J Virol Methods. 2010;169:223\u20137.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"1874_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81215-0","volume":"86","author":"AM Likos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Likos AM, Sammons SA, Olson VA, Frace AM, Li Y, Olsen-Rasmussen M, et al. A tale of two clades: monkeypox viruses. 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MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71:509\u201316.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"1874_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.55891\/wajm.v38i12.55","volume":"38","author":"EE Eseigbe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eseigbe EE, Akude C, Osagie IA, Eseigbe P. Human monkey pox virus infection in Plateau State, North Central Nigeria: a report of two cases. West Afr J Med. 2021;38:1242\u20136.","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"1874_CR10","first-page":"13085","volume":"11","author":"N Berthet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berthet N, Descorps-Decl\u00e8re S, Besombes C, Curaudeau M, Nkili Meyong AA, Selekon B, et al. Genomic history of human monkey pox infections in the central African Republic between 2001 and 2018. 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PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16: e0010141.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1874_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5910","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.11.5910-5920.1991","volume":"65","author":"R Blasco","year":"1991","unstructured":"Blasco R, Moss B. Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-dalton outer envelope protein. 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All other authors declared no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All patients provided informed consent to the use of their data and clinical samples for the purposes of the present study. Institutional review board clearance for the scientific use of patient data and samples has been granted to the treating institution by the ethics committee at the Medical Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) of Munich (vote 22-0493).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval statement"}}]}}