{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:32:00Z","timestamp":1775111520685,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01915-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T09:23:45Z","timestamp":1662715425000},"page":"851-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tocilizumab vs. baricitinib in hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients: results from a real-world cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9870-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Karolyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gruebl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Omid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Saak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0199-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erich","family":"Pawelka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Hoepler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Kelani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Avelino","family":"Kuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hermann","family":"Laferl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clemens","family":"Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pereyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Santol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Seitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Traugott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Assinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wenisch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zoufaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1915_CR1","unstructured":"COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. National Institutes of Health. Available at https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/. Accessed [13th of June, 2022]."},{"key":"1915_CR2","unstructured":"Therapeutics and COVID-19: Living guideline, 22 April 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022 (WHO\/2019-nCoV\/therapeutics\/2022.3). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"1915_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026371","volume":"100","author":"JE Blair","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blair JE, Gotimukul A, Wang F, et al. Mild to moderate COVID-19 illness in adult outpatients: characteristics, symptoms, and outcomes in the first 4 weeks of illness. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100: e26371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000026371.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1915_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","volume":"55","author":"CC Lai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55: 105924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1915_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27929","author":"M Rudiansyah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rudiansyah M, Jasim SA, Mohammad Pour ZG, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) update: from metabolic reprogramming to immunometabolism [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jun 10]. J Med Virol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.27929.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1915_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116044","volume":"386","author":"A Jayk Bernal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jayk Bernal A, Gomes da Silva MM, Musungaie DB, et al. Molnupiravir for oral treatment of COVID-19 in nonhospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:509\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2116044.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"1915_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118542","volume":"386","author":"J Hammond","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hammond J, Leister-Tebbe H, Gardner A, et al. Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:1397\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2118542.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1915_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116846","volume":"386","author":"RL Gottlieb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gottlieb RL, Vaca CE, Paredes R, et al. Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe COVID-19 in outpatients. N Engl J Med. 2022;386:305\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2116846.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1915_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-022-01841-8","author":"K Marx","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marx K, Gon\u010darova K, Fedders D, et al. Clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir: a retrospective analysis of a large tertiary care center in Germany [published online ahead of print, 2022 May 12]. Infection. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-022-01841-8.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"1915_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab278","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab278","volume":"8","author":"SA Olender","year":"2021","unstructured":"Olender SA, Walunas TL, Martinez E, et al. Remdesivir versus standard-of-care for severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection: an analysis of 28-day mortality. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8:ofab278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofab278 (Published 2021 May 26).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"1915_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab875","author":"E Mozaffari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mozaffari E, Chandak A, Zhang Z, et al. Remdesivir treatment in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a comparative analysis of in-hospital all-cause mortality in a large multi-center observational cohort [published online ahead of print, 2021 Oct 1]. Clin Infect Dis. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciab875.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1915_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3296","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab321","volume":"76","author":"C Garcia-Vidal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garcia-Vidal C, Alonso R, Camon AM, et al. Impact of remdesivir according to the pre-admission symptom duration in patients with COVID-19. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;76:3296\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkab321.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1915_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00519-0","volume":"399","author":"WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium","year":"2022","unstructured":"WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium. Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses. Lancet. 2022;399:1941\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00519-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1915_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00295-X","volume":"22","author":"F Ader","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ader F, Bouscambert-Duchamp M, Hites M, et al. Final results of the DisCoVeRy trial of remdesivir for patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:764\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00295-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1915_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E242","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.211698","volume":"194","author":"K Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali K, Azher T, Baqi M, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of patients in hospital with COVID-19 in Canada: a randomized controlled trial. CMAJ. 2022;194:E242\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.211698.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"1915_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-4784","volume":"175","author":"AS Kaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaka AS, MacDonald R, Linskens EJ, et al. Major update 2: remdesivir for adults with COVID-19: a living systematic review and meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians Practice Points. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175:701\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-4784.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1915_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26232","volume":"93","author":"B Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu B, Huang S, Yin L. The cytokine storm and COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93:250\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.26232.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"1915_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2022.0029","author":"LM Pacheco-Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pacheco-Hern\u00e1ndez LM, Ram\u00edrez-Noyola JA, G\u00f3mez-Garc\u00eda IA, Ignacio-Cort\u00e9s S, Z\u00fa\u00f1iga J, Chore\u00f1o-Parra JA. Comparing the cytokine storms of COVID-19 and pandemic influenza [published online ahead of print, 2022 Jun 7]. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jir.2022.0029.","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"1915_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.5501\/wjv.v11.i3.113","volume":"11","author":"M Bahmani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bahmani M, Chegini R, Ghanbari E, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: role of interleukin-6 and the inflammatory cascade. World J Virol. 2022;11:113\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5501\/wjv.v11.i3.113.","journal-title":"World J Virol"},{"key":"1915_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","volume":"384","author":"P Horby","year":"2021","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group, Horby P, Lim WS, et al. Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384:693\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"1915_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.11330","volume":"326","author":"M Shankar-Hari","year":"2021","unstructured":"WHO Rapid Evidence Appraisal for COVID-19 Therapies (REACT) Working Group, Shankar-Hari M, Vale CL, et al. Association between administration of IL-6 antagonists and mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2021;326:499\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.11330.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1915_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00331-3","volume":"9","author":"VC Marconi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marconi VC, Ramanan AV, de Bono S, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial [published correction appears in Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Oct;9(10):e102]. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9:1407\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00331-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1915_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2101643","volume":"385","author":"PO Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guimar\u00e3es PO, Quirk D, Furtado RH, et al. Tofacitinib in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:406\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2101643.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1915_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00676-0","volume":"397","author":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2021;397:1637\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00676-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1915_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00163-5","volume":"399","author":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2022;399:665\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00163-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1915_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2107934","volume":"385","author":"A Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta A, Gonzalez-Rojas Y, Juarez E, et al. Early treatment for COVID-19 with SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody sotrovimab. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:1941\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2107934.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1915_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00751-9","volume":"22","author":"ACTIV-3\/Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) Study Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"ACTIV-3\/Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) Study Group. Efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies, sotrovimab and BRII-196 plus BRII-198, for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (TICO): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22:622\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00751-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1915_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01109-6","volume":"400","author":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group","year":"2022","unstructured":"RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Baricitinib in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial and updated meta-analysis. Lancet. 2022;400:359\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01109-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1915_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00006-6","volume":"10","author":"EW Ely","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ely EW, Ramanan AV, Kartman CE, et al. Efficacy and safety of baricitinib plus standard of care for the treatment of critically ill hospitalised adults with COVID-19 on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an exploratory, randomised, placebo-controlled trial [published correction appears in Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Feb 11]. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10:327\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(22)00006-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"1915_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.866441","volume":"13","author":"CKH Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong CKH, Lau KTK, Au ICH, et al. Initiation of Tocilizumab or Baricitinib were associated with comparable clinical outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and treated with dexamethasone. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13: 866441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.866441 (Published 2022 May 30).","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"1915_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58040513","volume":"58","author":"Y Kojima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kojima Y, Nakakubo S, Takei N, et al. Comparative efficacy of Tocilizumab and Baricitinib administration in COVID-19 treatment: a retrospective cohort study. Medicina (Kaunas). 2022;58:513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina58040513 (Published 2022 Apr 4).","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"1915_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2020.10.006","volume":"18","author":"J Rosas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosas J, Lia\u00f1o FP, Cant\u00f3 ML, et al. Experience with the use of baricitinib and tocilizumab monotherapy or combined, in patients with interstitial pneumonia secondary to coronavirus COVID19: a real-world study. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed). 2022;18:150\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reumae.2020.10.006.","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"1915_CR33","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.gilead.com\/-\/media\/files\/pdfs\/medicines\/COVID-19\/veklury\/veklury_pi.pdf (accessed 27th of June 2022)"},{"key":"1915_CR34","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/product-information\/roactemra-epar-product-information_en.pdf (accessed 27th of June 2022)"},{"key":"1915_CR35","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.ages.at\/mensch\/krankheit\/krankheitserreger-von-a-bis-z\/coronavirus#c12422 (accessed 14th of June 2022)"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-022-01915-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-022-01915-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-022-01915-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T19:04:53Z","timestamp":1689620693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-022-01915-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-022-01915-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the ethics committee of the capital city Vienna.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}