{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:11:14Z","timestamp":1791591074101,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]],"date-time":"2023-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Official Health Authorities of Northern Norway, HelseNord"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007465","name":"UiT The Arctic University of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007465","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the prevalence of advanced frailty, comorbidity, and age among sepsis-related deaths in an adult hospital population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective chart reviews of deceased adults within a Norwegian hospital trust, with a diagnosis of infection, over 2\u00a0years (2018\u20132019). The likelihood of sepsis-related death was evaluated by clinicians as sepsis-related, possibly sepsis-related, or not sepsis-related.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 633 hospital deaths, 179 (28%) were sepsis-related, and 136 (21%) were possibly sepsis-related. Among these 315 patients whose deaths were sepsis-related or possibly sepsis-related, close to three in four patients (73%) were either 85\u00a0years or older, living with severe frailty (Clinical Frailty Scale, CFS, score of 7 or more), or an end-stage condition prior to the admission. Among the remaining 27%, 15% were either 80\u201384\u00a0years old, living with frailty corresponding to a CFS score of 6, or severe comorbidity, defined as 5 points or more on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). The last 12% constituted the presumably healthiest cluster, but in this group as well, the majority died with limitations of care due to their premorbid functional status and\/ or comorbidity. Findings remained stable if the population was limited to sepsis-related deaths on clinicians\u2019 reviews or those fulfilling the Sepsis-3 criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Advanced frailty, comorbidity, and age were predominant in hospital fatalities where infection contributed to death, with or without sepsis. This is of importance when considering sepsis-related mortality in similar populations, the applicability of study results to everyday clinical work, and future study designs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02013-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T17:12:19Z","timestamp":1679850739000},"page":"1103-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Patient characteristics in sepsis-related deaths: prevalence of advanced frailty, comorbidity, and age in a Norwegian hospital trust"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3284-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne Ask","family":"Torvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stig Haugset","family":"Nymo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e5le Haugset","family":"Nymo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Petter","family":"Bj\u00f8rnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne Winge","family":"Kvarenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eirik Hugaas","family":"Ofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2013_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","volume":"193","author":"C Fleischmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NKJ, Hartog CS, Tsaganos T, Schlattmann P, et al. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Critical Care Med. 2016;193(3):259\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Critical Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2013_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1707170","volume":"377","author":"K Reinhart","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reinhart K, Daniels R, Kissoon N, Machado FR, Schachter RD, Finfer S. Recognizing sepsis as a global health priority\u2014a WHO resolution. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(5):414\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2013_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5804","volume":"312","author":"V Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu V, Escobar GJ, Greene JD, Soule J, Whippy A, Angus DC, et al. Hospital deaths in patients with sepsis from 2 independent cohorts. JAMA. 2014;312(1):90\u20132.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2013_CR4","unstructured":"Tabell\u2014Forventet levealder ved f\u00f8dselen. Estimert f\u00f8rste \u00e5r, deretter framskrevet i tre alternativer til 2100."},{"issue":"11","key":"2013_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187990","volume":"12","author":"ST Knoop","year":"2017","unstructured":"Knoop ST, Skrede S, Langeland N, Flaatten HK. Epidemiology and impact on all-cause mortality of sepsis in Norwegian hospitals: a national retrospective study. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(11): e0187990.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"2013_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2528-0","volume":"23","author":"R Luhr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luhr R, Cao Y, S\u00f6derquist B, Cajander S. Trends in sepsis mortality over time in randomised sepsis trials: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of mortality in the control arm, 2002\u20132016. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):241.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2013_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alam N, Oskam E, Stassen PM, Exter Pv, Ven PMvd, Haak HR, et al. Prehospital antibiotics in the ambulance for sepsis: a multicentre, open label, randomised trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6(1):40\u201350.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(17)30469-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"2013_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7571","volume":"2","author":"C Rhee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhee C, Jones TM, Hamad Y, Pande A, Varon J, O\u2019Brien C, et al. Prevalence, underlying causes, and preventability of sepsis-associated mortality in US acute care hospitals. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2): e187571.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2013_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3819-2","volume":"11","author":"M Kopczynska","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kopczynska M, Sharif B, Cleaver S, Spencer N, Kurani A, Lee C, et al. Sepsis-related deaths in the at-risk population on the wards: attributable fraction of mortality in a large point-prevalence study. BMC Res Notes. 2018;11(1):720.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"2013_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2018.01.018","volume":"45","author":"M Shankar-Hari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shankar-Hari M, Harrison DA, Rowan KM, Rubenfeld GD. Estimating attributable fraction of mortality from sepsis to inform clinical trials. J Crit Care. 2018;45:33\u20139.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"2013_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.7565","volume":"2","author":"L Evans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Evans L. A closer look at sepsis-associated mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(2): e187565.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10208","key":"2013_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32483-3","volume":"394","author":"M Singer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singer M, Inada-Kim M, Shankar-Hari M. Sepsis hysteria: excess hype and unrealistic expectations. Lancet. 2019;394(10208):1513\u20134.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2013_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125827","volume":"10","author":"E Damiani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Damiani E, Donati A, Serafini G, Rinaldi L, Adrario E, Pelaia P, et al. Effect of performance improvement programs on compliance with sepsis bundles and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(5): e0125827.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"2013_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2545OC","volume":"198","author":"MM Levy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Levy MM, Gesten FC, Phillips GS, Terry KM, Seymour CW, Prescott HC, et al. Mortality changes associated with mandated public reporting for sepsis. The results of the New York State Initiative. Am J Respir Critical Care Med. 2018;198(11):1406\u201312.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Critical Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2013_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06001-w","volume":"46","author":"K Reinhart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reinhart K, Daniels RD, Schwarzkopf D, Kissoon N. Sepsis hysteria: facts versus fiction. Intens Care Med. 2020;46(7):1477\u201380.","journal-title":"Intens Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2013_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014885","volume":"7","author":"M Inada-Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inada-Kim M, Page B, Maqsood I, Vincent C. Defining and measuring suspicion of sepsis: an analysis of routine data. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6): e014885.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2013_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000005318","volume":"50","author":"JK Valik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valik JK, Mellhammar L, Sund\u00e9n-Cullberg J, Ward L, Unge C, Dalianis H, et al. Peripheral oxygen saturation facilitates assessment of respiratory dysfunction in the sequential organ failure assessment score with implications for the sepsis-3 criteria. Crit Care Med. 2022;50(3):e272\u201383.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2013_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3352\/jeehp.2013.10.12","volume":"10","author":"V Matt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matt V, Matthew H. The retrospective chart review: important methodological considerations. J Educational Evaluation Health Professions. 2013;10:12.","journal-title":"J Educational Evaluation Health Professions"},{"key":"2013_CR19","unstructured":"NORM and NORM-VET: Usage of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway\u2014NIPH."},{"issue":"5","key":"2013_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003690","volume":"47","author":"SQ Simpson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Simpson SQ. Sepsis epidemiology from administrative data: going, going\u2026*. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(5):739\u201340.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2013_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x","volume":"46","author":"C Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleischmann-Struzek C, Mellhammar L, Rose N, Cassini A, Rudd KE, Schlattmann P, et al. Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis. Intens Care Med. 2020;46(8):1552\u201362.","journal-title":"Intens Care Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02046-3","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683849600000}}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02013-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02013-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02013-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T15:08:51Z","timestamp":1689606531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02013-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2013"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02013-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 December 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2023","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02046-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02046-3","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was evaluated by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Northern Norway (case number 102804) before being approved by the hospital trust data protection officer (case number 149).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}