{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:23:21Z","timestamp":1792783401251,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202108140048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202108140048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05591te55","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n We aimed to assess symptoms in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify factors predicting prolonged time to symptom-free.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n COVIDOM\/NAPKON-POP is a population-based prospective cohort of adults whose first on-site visits were scheduled\u2009\u2265\u20096\u00a0months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Retrospective data including self-reported symptoms and time to symptom-free were collected during the survey before a site visit. In the survival analyses, being symptom-free served as the event and time to be symptom-free as the time variable. Data were visualized with Kaplan\u2013Meier curves, differences were tested with log-rank tests. A stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of predictors, with aHR\u2009<\u20091 indicating a longer time to symptom-free.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Of 1175 symptomatic participants included in the present analysis, 636 (54.1%) reported persistent symptoms after 280\u00a0days (SD 68) post infection. 25% of participants were free from symptoms after 18\u00a0days [quartiles: 14, 21]. Factors associated with prolonged time to symptom-free were age 49\u201359\u00a0years compared to\u2009<\u200949\u00a0years (aHR 0.70, 95% CI 0.56\u20130.87), female sex (aHR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65\u20130.93), lower educational level (aHR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64\u20130.93), living with a partner (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66\u20130.99), low resilience (aHR 0.65, 95% CI 0.47\u20130.90), steroid treatment (aHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05\u20130.90) and no medication (aHR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62\u20130.89) during acute infection.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n In the studied population, COVID-19 symptoms had resolved in one-quarter of participants within 18\u00a0days, and in 34.5% within 28\u00a0days. Over half of the participants reported COVID-19-related symptoms 9\u00a0months after infection. Symptom persistence was predominantly determined by participant\u2019s characteristics that are difficult to modify.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02043-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T13:01:47Z","timestamp":1685019707000},"page":"1679-1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Persistent symptoms and risk factors predicting prolonged time to symptom-free after SARS\u2011CoV\u20112 infection: an analysis of the baseline examination of the German COVIDOM\/NAPKON-POP cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Strobl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Apfelbacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bahmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramsia","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Heuschmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanno","family":"Hoven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Keil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Krawczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Krist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Lemh\u00f6fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Lieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Lorenz-Depiereux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mikolajczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe A.","family":"Montellano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Peter","family":"Reese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Skoetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"St\u00f6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg Janne","family":"Vehreschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Witzenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Grill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the NAPKON Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J. 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SSt\u00f6 reports research grants of the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (#01EO1004; #01EO1504), speaker honoraria or advisory board honoraria of AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, and case payment fees in clinical studies of Alnylam, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, IONIS, MSD, NovoNordisk, SOBI, Servier; all outside the submitted work. All other authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"COVIDOM\/NAPKON-POP is registered at the German Registry for clinical studies (DRKS00023742) and at\n \n (NCT04679584). NAPKON-POP was approved by the local ethic committees of respective study sites (Kiel, No. D 537\/20; W\u00fcrzburg, No. 236\/20_z). According to the professional code of the Berlin Medical Association regarding multi-center studies, approval by the Ethics Committee of the coordinating study center (Kiel) was also valid for the Berlin study site [\n \n ]. Written informed consent was obtained prior to all procedures from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}