{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T19:57:41Z","timestamp":1768766261553,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 99629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 99629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 99629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 99629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 99629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 99629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bernhard-Nocht-Institut f\u00fcr Tropenmedizin"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The number of homeless people in Germany is steadily increasing. Due to their often precarious living conditions, this specific population may be increasingly exposed to ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens. To assess the prevalence and thus the risk of such infections, we analyzed the seropositivity of rickettsiosis, Q fever, tularemia and bartonellosis in homeless individuals.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 147 homeless adults from nine shelters in Hamburg, Germany, were included. The individuals underwent questionnaire-based interviewing, physical examination, and venous blood was drawn between May and June 2020. Blood samples were analyzed for antibodies against rickettsiae (<jats:italic>Rickettsia typhi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>R. conorii<\/jats:italic>), <jats:italic>Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic> and bartonellae.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A very low seroprevalence of <jats:italic>R. typhi<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. tularensis<\/jats:italic> infection was found (0\u20131%), while antibodies against <jats:italic>R. conorii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. burnetii<\/jats:italic> were more common (7% each), followed by a relatively high seroprevalence of 14% for bartonellosis. Q fever seroprevalence was associated with the country of origin, whereas bartonellosis seroprevalence was associated with the duration of homelessness. Preventive measures targeting ectoparasites, especially body lice, should be put in place continuously.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02059-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T11:02:11Z","timestamp":1686222131000},"page":"1819-1822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Seroprevalence of arthropod-borne bacterial infections in homeless individuals in Hamburg in 2020"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Fabian","family":"Heinrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"Bertram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volkhard A. J.","family":"Kempf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Besier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Renn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Ondruschka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"P\u00fcschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Tappe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2059_CR1","unstructured":"BAG Wohnungslosenhilfe e.V. Steigende Zahl Wohnungsloser im Wohnungslosensektor, Wohnungslosigkeit anerkannter Gefl\u00fcchteter sinkt. 2021 [cited 2022 13.09.2022]; Available from: https:\/\/www.bagw.de\/de\/themen\/zahl-der-wohnungslosen\/uebersicht. In German."},{"key":"2059_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tsai J, Wilson M. COVID-19: a potential public health problem for homeless populations. Lancet Public Health. 2020;5:e186\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30053-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(20)30053-0"},{"key":"2059_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Leibler JH, Zakhour CM, Gadhoke P, Gaeta JM. Zoonotic and Vector-Borne Infections Among Urban Homeless and Marginalized People in the United States and Europe, 1990\u20132014. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016;16:435\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1863.","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1863"},{"key":"2059_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brouqui P, Raoult D. Arthropod-Borne Diseases in Homeless. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Science. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1196\/annals.1374.041","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1374.041"},{"key":"2059_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ly TDA, Louni M, Hoang VT, Dao TL, Badiaga S, et al. Epidemiological serosurvey of vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens among homeless people living in shelters in Marseille: cross-sectional one-day surveys (2005\u20132015). Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39:1663\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03889-6.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03889-6"},{"key":"2059_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rauch J, Eisermann P, Noack B, Mehlhoop U, Muntau, et al. Typhus Group Rickettsiosis, Germany, 2010\u20132017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24:1213\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2407.180093","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2407.180093"},{"key":"2059_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jost M, Latz A, Ballhorn W, Kempf VAJ. Development of a Specific and Sensitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay as an In Vitro Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Bartonella henselae Antibodies in Human Serum. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56:e01329-e1418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01329-18.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01329-18"},{"key":"2059_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brouqui P, Stein A, Dupont HT, Gallian P, Badiaga S, et al. Ectoparasitism and vector-borne diseases in 930 homeless people from Marseilles. Medicine (Baltimore). 2005;84:61\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.md.0000152373.07500.6e.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000152373.07500.6e"},{"key":"2059_CR9","unstructured":"European Center for Disease Prevention and Control. Annual Epidemiological Report on Communicable Diseases in Europe (1 January - 31 December 2019), https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/q-fever-annual-epidemiological-report-2019."}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02059-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02059-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02059-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T11:05:52Z","timestamp":1700651152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02059-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2059"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02059-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 January 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflicts of interest. No author has a commercial or other association that might pose a conflict of interest (e.g., pharmaceutical stock ownership, consultancy, advisory board membership, relevant patents, or research funding). The study was funded in part by the Volkswagen Foundation (AZ 99629).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the ethics committee of the Hamburg Medical Board (no. PV7333). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}