{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:37:45Z","timestamp":1791913065771,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Scientific Fund of the Mayor of the City of Vienna","award":["22153"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22153"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Bacterial co-infections are believed to be less frequent in patients with Covid-19 than influenza, but frequencies varied between studies.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This single-center retrospective, propensity score-matched analysis included adult patients with Covid-19 or influenza admitted to normal-care wards between 02\/2014 and 12\/2021. Covid-19 cases were propensity score matched to influenza cases at a 2:1 ratio. Community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections were defined as positive blood or respiratory cultures\u2009\u2264\u200948\u00a0h or\u2009&gt;\u200948\u00a0h after hospital admission, respectively. The primary outcome was comparison of community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial infections between patients with Covid-19 and influenza in the propensity score-matched cohort. Secondary outcomes included frequency of early and late microbiological testing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 1337 patients were included in the overall analysis, of which 360 patients with Covid-19 were matched to 180 patients with influenza. Early (\u2264\u200948\u00a0h) microbiological sampling was performed in 138 (38.3%) patients with Covid-19 and 75 (41.7%) patients with influenza. Community-acquired bacterial co-infections were found in 14 (3.9%) of 360 patients with Covid-19 and 7 (3.9%) of 180 patients with influenza (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.3\u20132.7). Late (&gt;\u200948\u00a0h) microbiological sampling was performed in 129 (35.8%) patients with Covid-19 and 74 (41.1%) patients with influenza. Hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections were found in 40 (11.1%) of 360 patients with Covid-19 and 20 (11.1%) of 180 patients with influenza (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.5\u20131.8).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The rate of community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections was similar in hospitalized Covid-19 and influenza patients. These findings contrast previous literature reporting that bacterial co-infections are less common in Covid-19 than influenza.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02063-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T10:01:36Z","timestamp":1686909696000},"page":"105-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Community-acquired and hospital-acquired bacterial co-infections in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 or influenza: a retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Anselm","family":"Jorda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"Gabler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Blaschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"W\u00f6lfl-Duchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Gelbenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Nussbaumer-Pr\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Radtke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Zeitlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2063_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000666","volume":"1","author":"FW Arnold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnold FW, Fuqua JL. 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