{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:51:12Z","timestamp":1791874272807,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Library, Copenhagen University Library"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In patients surviving infective endocarditis (IE) recurrence of bacteremia or IE is feared. However, knowledge is sparse on the incidence and risk factors for the recurrence\u00a0of bacteremia or IE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using Danish nationwide registries (2010\u20132020), we identified patients with first-time IE which were categorized by bacterial species (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci [CoNS], \u2018Other\u2019 microbiological etiology). Recurrence of bacteremia (including IE episodes) or IE with the same bacterial species was estimated at 12\u00a0months and 5\u00a0years, considering death as a competing risk. Cox regression models were used to compute adjusted hazard ratios of the recurrence of bacteremia or IE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 4086 patients with IE; 1374 (33.6%) with <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, 813 (19.9%) with <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., 1366 (33.4%) with <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., 284 (7.0%) with CoNS, and 249 (6.1%) with \u2018Other\u2019. The overall 12-month incidence of recurrent bacteremia with the same bacterial species was 4.8% and 2.6% with an accompanying IE diagnosis, while this was 7.7% and 4.0%, respectively, with 5\u00a0years of follow-up. <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., CoNS, chronic renal failure, and liver disease were associated with an increased rate of recurrent bacteremia or IE with the same bacterial species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recurrent bacteremia with the same bacterial species within 12\u00a0months, occurred in almost 5% and 2.6% for recurrent IE<jats:italic>. S. aureus, Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> spp., and CoNS were associated with recurrent infections with the same bacterial species.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02068-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T10:02:37Z","timestamp":1688378557000},"page":"1739-1747","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Recurrence of bacteremia and infective endocarditis according to bacterial species of index endocarditis episode"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Lauge","family":"\u00d8stergaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Voldstedlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels Eske","family":"Bruun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Bundgaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia Marie","family":"Pries-Heje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katra","family":"Hadji-Turdeghal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Graversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian \u00d8stergaard","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstine Kobber\u00f8e","family":"S\u00f8gaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"K\u00f8ber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emil Loldrup","family":"Fosb\u00f8l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2068_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy156","volume":"54","author":"L \u00d8stergaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard L, Oestergaard LB, Lauridsen TK, Dahl A, Chaudry M, Gislason G, et al. Long-term causes of death in patients with infective endocarditis who undergo medical therapy only or surgical treatment: a nationwide population-based study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2018;54:860\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"2068_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx682","volume":"39","author":"L \u00d8stergaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard L, Valeur N, Ihlemann N, Bundgaard H, Gislason G, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Incidence of infective endocarditis among patients considered at high risk. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:623\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2068_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.43","volume":"8","author":"Y-A Que","year":"2011","unstructured":"Que Y-A, Moreillon P. Infective endocarditis. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8:322\u201336.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2068_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv319","volume":"36","author":"G Habib","year":"2015","unstructured":"Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta J-P, Del Zotti F, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: The Task Force for the Management of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36:3075\u2013128.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2068_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E522","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12033","volume":"18","author":"N Fernandez-Hidalgo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fernandez-Hidalgo N, Almirante B, Tornos P, Gonz\u00e1lez-Alujas MT, Planes AM, Gali\u00f1anes M, et al. Immediate and long-term outcome of left-sided infective endocarditis. A 12-year prospective study from a contemporary cohort in a referral hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18:E522\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect."},{"key":"2068_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.111952","volume":"141","author":"AJ Mansur","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mansur AJ, Dal B\u00f3 CMR, Fukushima JT, Issa VS, Grinberg M, Pomerantzeff PMA. Relapses, recurrences, valve replacements, and mortality during the long-term follow-up after infective endocarditis. Am Heart J. 2001;141:78\u201386.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2068_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12395","volume":"20","author":"L Alagna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alagna L, Park LP, Nicholson BP, Keiger AJ, Strahilevitz J, Morris A, et al. Repeat endocarditis: analysis of risk factors based on the International Collaboration on Endocarditis\u2014Prospective Cohort Study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:566\u201375.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2068_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040748","volume":"10","author":"J Calder\u00f3n-Parra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n-Parra J, Kestler M, Ramos-Mart\u00ednez A, Bouza E, Valerio M, de Alarc\u00f3n A, et al. Clinical factors associated with reinfection versus relapse in infective endocarditis: prospective cohort study. JCM. 2021;10:748.","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"2068_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1086\/431590","volume":"41","author":"VH Chu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chu VH, Sexton DJ, Cabell CH, Barth RL, Pappas PA, Singh RK, et al. Repeat infective endocarditis: differentiating relapse from reinfection. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:406\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2068_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1902096","volume":"380","author":"H Bundgaard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bundgaard H, Ihlemann N, Gill SU, Bruun NE, Elming H, Madsen T, et al. Long-term outcomes of partial oral treatment of endocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1373\u20134.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2068_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-49","volume":"8","author":"M Heiro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heiro M, Helenius H, Hurme S, Savunen T, Mets\u00e4rinne K, Engblom E, et al. Long-term outcome of infective endocarditis: a study on patients surviving over one year after the initial episode treated in a Finnish teaching hospital during 25 years. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:49.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2068_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9930-3","volume":"29","author":"M Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Pedersen L, S\u00f8rensen HT. The Danish Civil Registration System as a tool in epidemiology. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29:541\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2068_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Voldstedlund M, Haarh M, M\u00f8lbak K, the MiBa Board of Representatives. The Danish Microbiology Database (MiBa) 2010 to 2013. Eurosurveillance [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2022 Feb 28];19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.1.20667.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.1.20667"},{"key":"2068_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt M, Schmidt SAJ, Sandegaard JL, Ehrenstein V, Pedersen L, S\u00f8rensen HT. The Danish National Patient Registry: a review of content, data quality, and research potential. CLEP. 2015;7:449\u201390.","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S91125"},{"key":"2068_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811399958","volume":"39","author":"K Helweg-Larsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Helweg-Larsen K. The Danish register of causes of death. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39:26\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2068_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810394717","volume":"39","author":"H Wallach Kildemoes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallach Kildemoes H, Toft S\u00f8rensen H, Hallas J. The Danish National Prescription Registry. Scand J Public Health. 2011;39:38\u201341.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"2068_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818001401","volume":"146","author":"L \u00d8stergaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"\u00d8stergaard L, Adelborg K, Sundb\u00f8ll J, Pedersen L, Loldrup Fosb\u00f8l E, Schmidt M. Positive predictive value of infective endocarditis in the Danish National Patient Registry: a validation study. Epidemiol Infect. 2018;146:1965\u20137.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"2068_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012832","volume":"6","author":"J Sundb\u00f8ll","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sundb\u00f8ll J, Adelborg K, Munch T, Fr\u00f8slev T, S\u00f8rensen HT, B\u00f8tker HE, et al. Positive predictive value of cardiovascular diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry: a validation study. BMJ Open. 2016;6: e012832.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2068_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01117-6","volume":"49","author":"MP Andersen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andersen MP, Valeri L, Starkopf L, Mortensen RN, Sessa M, Kragholm KH, et al. The mediating effect of pupils\u2019 physical fitness on the relationship between family socioeconomic status and academic achievement in a Danish school cohort. Sports Med. 2019;49:1291\u2013301.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"2068_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00126","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00126-22","volume":"66","author":"S Bae","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bae S, Kim ES, Kim HS, Yang E, Chung H, Lee YW, et al. Risk factors of recurrent infection in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a competing risk analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66:e00126-e222.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2068_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.021","volume":"55","author":"K Kreisel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kreisel K, Boyd K, Langenberg P, Roghmann M-C. Risk factors for recurrence in patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections complicated by bacteremia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;55:179\u201384.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2068_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000091184.93122.09","volume":"82","author":"F-Y Chang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chang F-Y, Peacock JE, Musher DM, Triplett P, MacDonald BB, Mylotte JM, et al. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: recurrence and the impact of antibiotic treatment in a prospective multicenter study. Medicine. 2003;82:333\u20139.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2068_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2842","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.23.2842","volume":"102","author":"BL Strom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strom BL, Abrutyn E, Berlin JA, Kinman JL, Feldman RS, Stolley PD, et al. Risk factors for infective endocarditis: oral hygiene and nondental exposures. Circulation. 2000;102:2842\u20138.","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02068-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02068-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02068-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T11:06:34Z","timestamp":1700651194000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02068-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2068"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02068-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Lauge \u00d8stergaard: has received an independent research grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF23OC0081668) related to mitral valve regurgitation. Marianne Voldstedlund: has received a grant from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF20OC0063177) not related to this work; lecture fee from MyLab Oy, Finland. Niels Eske Bruun: has received investigator-initiated grants from: The Novo Nordisk Foundation, The Augustinus Foundation, The Kaj Hansen Foundation, and Health Insurance Denmark, not related to this study. Henning Bundgaard: has received lecture fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, Sanofi, MSD and Amgen. Kasper Iversen: None. Mia Marie Pries-Heje: None. Katra Hadji -Turdeghal: None. Peter Graversen: None. Claus Moser: Supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation\u2014\u201cBorregaard Clinical Scientist Grant\u201d (Grant no. NNF17OC0025074). Christian \u00d8stergaard Andersen: None. Kirstine Kobber\u00f8e S\u00f8gaard: None. Lars K\u00f8ber: Speaker\u2019s honorarium from Novo, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer and Bayer. Emil Loldrup Fosb\u00f8l: Novo Nordisk Foundation and the Danish Heart Association: Independent research grant related to valvular heart disease and endocarditis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"In Denmark, registry-based studies do not require approval from the Ethics Committee or informed consent by law []. The study is approved by the data responsible institute (Capital Region of Denmark \u2013 Approval number: P-2019-263) in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation. During data management, all personal identifiers were anonymized and sub classifications with three or less patients were not reported in order to assure anonymization as by rules of Statistics Denmark.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}