{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:35:23Z","timestamp":1793392523000,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JR20\/00012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JR20\/00012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI21\/00498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI21\/00498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ICI21\/00103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICI21\/00103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005774","name":"Universitat de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the performance of the FilmArray (FA) meningitis\/encephalitis (ME) panel. Secondarily, we analyzed the false positive (FP) and false negative (FN) results, as well as the predictive values of the technique, regarding the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FA is a multiplex real-time PCR detecting 14 of the most common ME pathogens in CSF. All FA performed at our hospital (2018\u20132022) were retrospectively reviewed. FA was compared to conventional techniques and its performance was assessed based on the final diagnosis of the episode.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FA was performed in 313 patients with suspicion of ME. Most patients had altered mental status (65.2%) and fever (61%). Regarding CSF characteristics, 49.8% and 53.7% presented high CSF proteins and pleocytosis, respectively. There were 84 (26.8%) positive FA results, mainly for HSV-1 (10.9%), VZV (5.1%), Enterovirus (2.6%), and <jats:italic>S. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (1.9%). In the 136 cases where both FA and routine methods were performed, there was a 25.7% lack of agreement. We identified 6.6% FN results, but 28.6% FP, mainly due to HSV-1. This resulted in a high negative predictive value (NPV) of 93.4%, but a positive predictive value (PPV) of 73%. Remarkably, PPV as low as 36.9%, and 70.2%, were found in cases without pleocytosis, or lack of high CSF protein levels, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>FA was associated with high NPV, but frequent FP results and low PPV, particularly for HSV-1, and especially in patients without high CSF protein levels or pleocytosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02076-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]],"date-time":"2023-07-29T11:02:31Z","timestamp":1690628551000},"page":"165-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Multiplex real-time PCR FilmArray performance in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis: lights and shadows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genoveva","family":"Cuesta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enric","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Chumbita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Climent","family":"Casals-Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Morata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Bodro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Antonio","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep","family":"Mensa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Garcia-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda \u00c1ngeles","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Soriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Puerta-Alcalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2076_CR1","unstructured":"Meningitis\u2014Level 3 cause | Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. https:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/results\/gbd_summaries\/2019\/meningitis-level-3-cause. Retrieved 6 March 2023."},{"key":"2076_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70048-7","volume":"10","author":"K Edmond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edmond K, Clark A, Korczak VS, Sanderson C, Griffiths UK, Rudan I. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10:317\u201328.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2016.06.013","volume":"34","author":"M Dorsett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dorsett M, Liang SY. Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infections in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2016;34:917\u201342.","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070-09","volume":"23","author":"MC Brouwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR, Van De Beek D. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of acute bacterial meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2010;23:467\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2076_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03724-7","volume":"39","author":"M Cailleaux","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cailleaux M, Pilmis B, Mizrahi A, Lourtet-Hascoet J, Van JCN, Alix L, Couzigou C, Vidal B, Tattevin P, Le Monnier A. Impact of a multiplex PCR assay (FilmArray\u00ae) on the management of patients with suspected central nervous system infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39:293\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2076_CR6","unstructured":"Biofire Diagnostics. 2020. BioFire FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis Panel (ME) | BioFire Diagnostics. https:\/\/www.biofiredx.com\/products\/the-filmarray-panels\/filmarrayme\/. Retrieved 6 March 2023."},{"key":"2076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.11.016","volume":"26","author":"GS Tansarli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tansarli GS, Chapin KC. Diagnostic test accuracy of the BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00ae meningitis\/encephalitis panel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26:281\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2076_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trujillo-G Omez J, Tsokani S, Arango-Ferreira C, Atehort Ua-Mu~ S, Jos E Jimenez-Villegas M, Serrano-Tabares C, Veroniki A-A, Florez ID. Biofire FilmArray Meningitis\/Encephalitis panel for the aetiological diagnosis of central nervous system infections: A systematic review and diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine. 2022;44:101275.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101275"},{"key":"2076_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9060282","volume":"9","author":"MA Moffa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moffa MA, Bremmer DN, Carr D, Buchanan C, Shively NR, Elrufay R, Walsh TL. Impact of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay on the clinical management of adults undergoing a lumbar puncture for suspected community-onset central nervous system infections. Antibiotics. 2020;9:282.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2076_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03859-y","volume":"39","author":"JJ Vincent","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vincent JJ, Zandotti C, Baron S, Kandil C, Levy PY, Drancourt M, Raoult D, Ninove L. Point-of-care multiplexed diagnosis of meningitis using the FilmArray\u00ae ME panel technology. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;39:1573\u201380.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2076_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00730-16","volume":"54","author":"AL Leber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leber AL, Everhart K, Balada-Llasat JM, Cullison J, Daly J, Holt S, Lephart P, Salimnia H, Schreckenberger PC, DesJarlais S, Reed SL, Chapin KC, LeBlanc L, Johnson JK, Soliven NL, Carroll KC, Miller JA, Bard JD, Mestas J, Bankowski M, Enomoto T, Hemmert AC, Bourzac KM. Multicenter evaluation of biofire filmarray meningitis\/encephalitis panel for detection of bacteria, viruses, and yeast in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. 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Open Forum Infect Dis. 2019;6:ofz119.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz119"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02076-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02076-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02076-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T10:09:08Z","timestamp":1706177348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02076-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02076-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"CG-V has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Gilead Science, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Jannsen, Novartis, Lilly and a grant support from Gilead Science and Merck Sharp and Dohme. AS has received honoraria for lectures and advisory boards from Pfizer, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Shionogi, Angelini, Menarini, and Gilead Sciences. AS has received grants from Pfizer and Gilead Sciences. P.P.-A. has received honoraria for talks on behalf of Merck Sharp and Dohme, Lilly, ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Science. P.P.-A. has participated in advisory boards for Gilead Science.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}