{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T02:19:25Z","timestamp":1772849965343,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CID-CUHK-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CID-CUHK-E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T17:01:46Z","timestamp":1697734906000},"page":"491-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Self-sampled multi-anatomic site testing for uncovering the community burden of undiagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection in men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Ngai Sze","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denise Pui-Chung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sze Long","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsz Ho","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krystal Chi-Kei","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi Keung","family":"Kwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shui Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2107_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis) accessed 3 Jan 2023."},{"key":"2107_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.18.228486","volume":"97","author":"J Rowley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rowley J, Vander Hoorn S, Korenromp E, Low N, Unemo M, Abu-Raddad LJ, et al. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis and syphilis: global prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016. Bull World Health Organ. 2019;97:548-562P.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2107_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000754","volume":"45","author":"CM Dewart","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dewart CM, Bernstein KT, DeGroote NP, Romaguera R, Turner AN. Prevalence of rectal chlamydial and gonococcal infections: a systematic review. Sex Transm Dis. 2018;45:287\u201393.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global health sector strategies 2022\u20132030. 2022. https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-hiv-hepatitis-and-stis-programmes\/strategies\/global-health-sector-strategies accessed 3 Jan 2023."},{"key":"2107_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053801","volume":"96","author":"RT Gray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gray RT, Callander D, Hocking JS, McGregor S, McManus H, Dyda A, et al. Population-level diagnosis and care cascade for chlamydia in Australia. Sex Transm Infect. 2020;96:131\u20136.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2107_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.06.009","volume":"61","author":"GM Fistonich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fistonich GM, Troutman KM, Visconti AJ. A pilot of mail-out HIV and sexually transmitted infection testing in Washington, District of Columbia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Prev Med. 2021;61:S16\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2107_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e8","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001309","volume":"48","author":"JH Melendez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Melendez JH, Hamill MM, Armington GS, Gaydos CA, Manabe YC. Home-based testing for sexually transmitted infections: leveraging online resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex Transm Dis. 2021;48:e8\u201310.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002479","volume":"14","author":"E Wilson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson E, Free C, Morris TP, Syred J, Ahamed I, Menon-Johansson AS, et al. Internet-accessed sexually transmitted infection (e-STI) testing and results service: a randomised, single-blind, controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2017;14:e1002479.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2107_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000343","volume":"43","author":"KT Bernstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bernstein KT, Chow JM, Pathela P, Gift TL. Bacterial sexually transmitted disease screening outside the clinic\u2013implications for the modern sexually transmitted disease program. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43:S42-52.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200205000-00008","volume":"29","author":"PJ Bloomfield","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bloomfield PJ, Kent C, Campbell D, Hanbrook L, Klausner JD. Community-based chlamydia and gonorrhea screening through the United States mail San Francisco. Sex Transm Dis. 2002;29:294\u20137.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182246a83","volume":"118","author":"F Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu F, Stoner BP, Taylor SN, Mena L, Tian LH, Papp J, et al. Use of home-obtained vaginal swabs to facilitate rescreening for Chlamydia trachomatis infections: two randomized controlled trials. Obstet Gynecol. 2011;118:231\u20139.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2107_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/40996","volume":"6","author":"NS Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong NS, Kwan TH, Chan DPC, Lui GCY, Lee SS. Regular testing of HIV and sexually transmitted infections with self-collected samples from multiple anatomic sites to monitor sexual health in men who have sex with men: longitudinal study. JMIR Form Res. 2022;6:e40996.","journal-title":"JMIR Form Res"},{"key":"2107_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.992773","volume":"10","author":"R Weng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weng R, Ning N, Zhang C, Wen L, Ye J, Wang H, et al. Acceptability of rectal self-sampling in non-clinical venues for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing among men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen China. Front Public Health. 2022;10:992773.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2107_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1177\/09564624221146673","volume":"34","author":"M Le Roux","year":"2023","unstructured":"Le Roux M, Ngwenya IK, Nemarude AL, De Villiers BE, Mathebula M, Nchabeleng M. Sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviour among men having sex with men from Tshwane South Africa. Int J STD AIDS. 2023;34:183\u201390.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2107_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001764","volume":"50","author":"MM Rahman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rahman MM, Johnson C, Taylor SN, Peterman TA, Bennett TS, Haydel D, et al. Extragenital sexually transmitted infection testing among Louisiana Parish Health Units, 2016\u20132019. Sex Transm Dis. 2023;50:274\u20139.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR16","volume":"2013","author":"HT Wong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wong HT, Wong KH, Lee SS, Leung RW, Lee KC. Community-based surveys for determining the prevalence of HIV, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea in men having sex with men in Hong Kong. J Sex Transm Dis. 2013;2013:958967.","journal-title":"J Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR17","first-page":"336","volume":"73","author":"DPC Chan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chan DPC, Ho S, Lam JC, Chan TC. Community-based HIV and STI screening in men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. IJID. 2018;73:336\u20137.","journal-title":"IJID."},{"key":"2107_CR18","first-page":"113","volume":"24","author":"CT Chau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chau CT, Ho KM, Ho CK. Screening of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. HK J Dermatol Venereol. 2016;24:113\u20139.","journal-title":"HK J Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2107_CR19","unstructured":"Special Preventive Programme, Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR. HARiS - HIV and AIDS response indicator survey 2020 for men who have sex with men. 2021. https:\/\/www.aids.gov.hk\/english\/surveillance\/sur_report\/oth_rep2021_msm_e.pdf accessed 14 Mar 2023."},{"key":"2107_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5758387","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5758387","volume":"2016","author":"PA Chan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chan PA, Robinette A, Montgomery M, Almonte A, Cu-Uvin S, Lonks JR, et al. Extragenital Infections Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a review of the literature. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2016;2016:5758387.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2107_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000636","volume":"44","author":"B Mustanski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mustanski B, Feinstein BA, Madkins K, Sullivan P, Swann G. Prevalence and risk factors for rectal and urethral sexually transmitted infections from self-collected samples among young men who have sex with men participating in the Keep It Up! 2.0 randomized controlled trial. Sex Transm Dis. 2017;44:483\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR22","first-page":"234","volume":"31","author":"R Aitlhaj-Mhand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aitlhaj-Mhand R, Bellaji B, Jennane S, Remz C, Charof R, Khoudri I, et al. Assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis prevalence using a molecular point of care: findings from a respondent driven sampling study among MSM. Infez Med. 2023;31:234\u201342.","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"2107_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-4831-4","volume":"20","author":"K Jansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jansen K, Steffen G, Potthoff A, Schuppe AK, Beer D, Jessen H, et al. STI in times of PrEP: high prevalence of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and mycoplasma at different anatomic sites in men who have sex with men in Germany. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:110.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2107_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416688818","volume":"28","author":"X Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang X, Jia M, Chen M, Luo H, Chen H, Luo W, et al. Prevalence and the associated risk factors of HIV, STIs and HBV among men who have sex with men in Kunming China. Int J STD AIDS. 2017;28:1115\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"2107_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050929","volume":"90","author":"S Dudareva-Vizule","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dudareva-Vizule S, Haar K, Sailer A, Wisplinghoff H, Wisplinghoff F, Marcus U, et al. Prevalence of pharyngeal and rectal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men who have sex with men in Germany. Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90:46\u201351.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2107_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2023.2184207","volume":"58","author":"K Ivey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ivey K, Bernstein KT, Kirkcaldy RD, Kissinger P, Edwards OW, Sanchez T, Abara WE. Chemsex drug use among a national sample of sexually active men who have sex with men,\u2014American men\u2019s internet survey, 2017\u20132020. Subst Use Misuse. 2023;58:728\u201334.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"2107_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.10.015","volume":"75","author":"NS Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong NS, Kwan TH, Lee KCK, Lau JYC, Lee SS. Delineation of chemsex patterns of men who have sex with men in association with their sexual networks and linkage to HIV prevention. Int J Drug Policy. 2020;75:102591.","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"2107_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-020495","volume":"8","author":"CJG Kampman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kampman CJG, Heijne JCM, Kistemaker-Koedijk PHM, Koedijk FDH, Visser M, Hautvast JLA. Determinants of frequent and infrequent STI testing and STI diagnosis related to test frequency among men who have sex with men in the eastern part of the Netherlands: a 6-year retrospective study. BMJ Open. 2018;8:e020495.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2107_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-022-00449-0","volume":"19","author":"TA Crowell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Crowell TA, Nitayaphan S, Sirisopana N, Wansom T, Kitsiripornchai S, Francisco L, et al. Factors associated with testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, Thailand. AIDS Res Ther. 2022;19:25.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"key":"2107_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2018-053637","volume":"95","author":"L O'Connor","year":"2019","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor L, O\u2019Donnell K, Barrett P, Hickson FCI, McCartney D, Quinlan M, et al. Use of geosocial networking applications is independently associated with diagnosis of STI among men who have sex with men testing for STIs: findings from the cross-sectional MSM Internet Survey Ireland (MISI) 2015. Sex Transm Infect. 2019;95:279\u201384.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2107_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-019-00713-x","volume":"45","author":"R Shrestha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shrestha R, Lim SH, Altice FL, Copenhaver M, Wickersham JA, Saifi R, et al. Use of smartphone to seek sexual health information online among Malaysian men who have sex with men (MSM): implications for mHealth intervention to increase HIV testing and reduce HIV risks. J Community Health. 2020;45:10\u20139.","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"2107_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198119893692","volume":"47","author":"C Grov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grov C, Stief M, Westmoreland DA, MacCrate C, Mirzayi C, Nash D, et al. Maximizing response rates to ads for free at-home HIV testing on a men-for-men geosocial sexual networking app: lessons learned and implications for researchers and providers. Health Educ Behav. 2020;47:5\u201313.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"2107_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-053992","volume":"95","author":"E Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson E, Leyrat C, Baraitser P, Free C. Does internet-accessed STI (e-STI) testing increase testing uptake for chlamydia and other STIs among a young population who have never tested? Secondary analyses of data from a randomised controlled trial. Sex Transm Infect. 2019;95:569\u201374.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2107_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2018-001349","volume":"4","author":"Y Ogale","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ogale Y, Yeh PT, Kennedy CE, Toskin I, Narasimhan M. Self-collection of samples as an additional approach to deliver testing services for sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Glob Health. 2019;4:e001349.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T09:57:10Z","timestamp":1710928630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02107-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"E-consent has been obtained before online survey start, and written consent form was obtained from participant who self-collected samples for testing. Ethical approval from the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong-New Territories East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee was obtained (approval number: CREC2020.436).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}