{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:05:09Z","timestamp":1786982709080,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1700092800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010109","name":"Medical University of Graz","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biologically active protein and increased levels are associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients. suPAR in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) may be helpful to differentiate between types of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and may have potential for early detection of fungal infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We prospectively investigated levels of suPAR in BALF and serum in critically ill patients who underwent bronchoscopy for any reason at the ICU of the Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy-five patients were available for analyses. Median age was 60 [25th\u201375th percentile: 50\u201369] years, 27% were female, and median SOFA score was 12 [11\u201314] points. Serum suPAR levels were significantly associated with ICU mortality in univariable logistic regression analysis. There was no correlation between BALF and serum suPAR. Serum suPAR was higher in ARDS patients at 11.2 [8.0\u201317.2] ng\/mL compared to those without ARDS at 7.1 [3.7\u201310.1] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). BALF-suPAR was significantly higher in patients with evidence of fungal lung infection compared to patients without fungal infection both in the general cohort (7.6 [3.2\u20139.4] vs 2.5 [1.1\u20135.3],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013) and in the subgroup of ARDS (7.2 [3.1\u201339.2] vs 2.5 [1.0\u20135.2],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022). All patients were classified as putative\/probable invasive aspergillosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found significant higher levels of serum suPAR in ARDS patients compared to those not fulfilling ARDS criteria. Serum and BALF-suPAR were significantly higher in those patients with evidence for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These findings may suggest testing this biomarker for early diagnosis of fungal infection in a greater cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02127-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T12:02:26Z","timestamp":1700136146000},"page":"249-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) in bronchoalveolar fluid and blood in critically ill patients\u2014a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5773-5695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander C.","family":"Reisinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hatzl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Prattes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Hackl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gernot","family":"Schilcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Eisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Niedrist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Raggam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Eller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2127_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2016.1269310","volume":"54","author":"S Desmedt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Desmedt S, Desmedt V, Delanghe JR, Speeckaert R, Speeckaert MM. The intriguing role of soluble urokinase receptor in inflammatory diseases. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2017;54:117\u201333.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"2127_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1121143","volume":"311","author":"Q Huai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huai Q, Mazar AP, Kuo A, Parry GC, Shaw DE, Callahan J, et al. Structure of human urokinase plasminogen activator in complex with its receptor. Science (New York, NY). 2006;311:656\u20139.","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"2127_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3481","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-8473-8","volume":"65","author":"A Galat","year":"2008","unstructured":"Galat A. The three-fingered protein domain of the human genome. 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The other authors report no conflict of interest or financial disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Medical University of Graz, Austria (32-472 ex 19\/20), registered in the WHO approved German study registry (DRKS00022458) and complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all conscious patients. In comatose non-survivors, the IRB waived the need for informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}