{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T02:01:49Z","timestamp":1783735309379,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019902","name":"Fakultet for medisin og helsevitenskap, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019902","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa in healthy adults, but has also become an increasing cause of invasive infection. The aims of this study were to describe the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of invasive GBS disease in adults in Norway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We performed a nationwide retrospective case\u2013control study of invasive GBS infections during 1996\u20132019, with two control groups; invasive Group A streptococcal disease (GAS) to control for changes in surveillance and diagnostics, and a second representing the general population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 3710 GBS episodes were identified. The age-standardized incidence rate increased steadily from 1.10 (95% CI 0.80\u20131.50) in 1996 to 6.70 (95% CI 5.90\u20137.50) per 100,000 person-years in 2019. The incidence rate had an average annual increase of 6.44% (95% CI 5.12\u20137.78). Incidence rates of GAS varied considerably, and there was no evidence of a consistent change over the study period. GBS incidence was highest among adults\u2009&gt;\u200960\u00a0years of age. Cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes were the most common comorbid conditions. There was a shift in the distribution of capsular serotypes from three dominant types to more equal distribution among the six most common serotypes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The incidence of invasive GBS disease in adults increased significantly from 1996 to 2019. The increasing age of the population with accompanying underlying comorbid conditions might contribute to the increasing burden of invasive GBS disease. Interestingly, type 1 diabetes was also associated with the occurrence of invasive GBS disease.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02210-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T08:45:39Z","timestamp":1710405939000},"page":"1745-1752","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Incidence of invasive infections with Group B streptococcus in adults in Norway 1996\u20132019: a nationwide registry-based case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9421-985X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elise","family":"Uggen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2266-4150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Olaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randi Vals\u00f8","family":"Lyng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-7045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnar Skov","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5972-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roar Magne","family":"B\u00e6vre-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frode Width","family":"Gran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3837-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bj\u00f8rn Olav","family":"\u00c5svold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8251-3544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom Ivar Lund","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4268-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Kristian","family":"Dam\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2489-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Egil","family":"Afset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)36146-4","volume":"82","author":"M Hood","year":"1961","unstructured":"Hood M, Janney A, Dameron G. Beta hemolytic streptococcus Group B associated with problems of the perinatal period. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1961;82:809\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)36146-4.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e776","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00182-6","volume":"10","author":"MM Ali","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ali MM, Asrat D. Variation of invasive neonatal GBS disease across the regions. Lancet Glob Health. 2022;10:e776\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00182-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2015.1131330","volume":"48","author":"MS Ballard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ballard MS, Sch\u00f8nheyder HC, Knudsen JD, Lyytik\u00e4inen O, Dryden M, Kennedy KJ, et al. The changing epidemiology of group B streptococcus bloodstream infection: a multi-national population-based assessment. 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Data protection impact assessment was approved by the head, Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital. Data from national health registries were received after approval from each registry, without consent from patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement"}}]}}