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The aim of the study was to verify the functionality and correlates of a recently developed PCS score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PCS score was applied to the prospective, multi-center cross-sectoral cohort (in- and outpatients with SARS-CoV-2 infection) of the \"National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON, Germany)\". Symptom assessment and patient-reported outcome measure questionnaires were analyzed at 3 and 12\u00a0months (3\/12MFU) after diagnosis. Scores indicative of PCS severity were compared and correlated to demographic and clinical characteristics as well as quality of life (QoL, EQ-5D-5L).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Six hundred three patients (mean 54.0\u00a0years, 60.6% male, 82.0% hospitalized) were included. Among those, 35.7% (215) had no and 64.3% (388) had mild, moderate, or severe PCS. PCS severity groups differed considering sex and pre-existing respiratory diseases. 3MFU PCS worsened with clinical severity of acute infection (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.011), and number of comorbidities (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.004). PCS severity was associated with poor QoL at the 3MFU and 12MFU (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The PCS score correlated with patients\u2019 QoL and demonstrated to be instructive for clinical characterization and stratification across health care settings. Further studies should critically address the high prevalence, clinical relevance, and the role of comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trail registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort is registered at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">www.clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      under NCT04768998.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02226-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T10:02:12Z","timestamp":1712570532000},"page":"1813-1829","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Definition of the Post-COVID syndrome using a symptom-based Post-COVID score in a prospective, multi-center, cross-sectoral cohort of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct04768998","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Katharina S.","family":"Appel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolin","family":"N\u00fcrnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bahmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"F\u00f6rster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Polidori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Kohls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nora","family":"Hettich-Damm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Blaschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Br\u00f6hl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Butzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiwa","family":"Dashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Deckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Dreher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Finke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramsia","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Hanses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina M.","family":"P\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn-Erik O.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarethe","family":"Konik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Lehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana M. 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For the NAPKON SUEP, a primary ethics vote was obtained at the Ethics Committee of the Department of Medicine at Goethe University Frankfurt (local ethics ID approval 20\u2013924). All further study sites received their local ethics votes at the respective ethics commissions. The NAPKON SUEP is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04768998). Approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany (2023\u20133029-Daten, 26.06.2023).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"TB received funding from Network\u00a0of University Medicine (NUM)\/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)\u2014COVID-19 related research grants for the conduct of the different NAPKON platforms, including the NAPKON-POP platform that the COVIDOM study is based in. NAPKON support code is 01KX2021.German Center for Lung Research (DZL)\u2014Unrestricted Research Grants for the conduct of research activities related to Asthma and Allergy, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline (consulting fees), AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Roche, Chiesi, Boeringer-Ingelheim, Merck, Pfizer (payment or honoraria for lectures), Chiesi, AstraZeneca (support for attending meetings and\/or travel), CoVit-2 (NCT04751604) (participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board). MCP received royalties for the publication of two books: the latest edition of \u2018Paziente Anziano\u2014Paziente Geriatrico\u2014Medicina della Complessita\u2019, EdiSES 2020 and \u2018Ratgeber ` Altern\u2014Es ist nie zu spat\u2019, Elsevier 2021. MCP reveived funding from Consultant memodio, multimodale App f\u00fcr MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) (consulting fee), Scientific Board Member: National Guideline on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (AWMF S3-Guideline) and co-chair of the special interest group CGA of the EuGMS (European Geriatric Medicine Society), Editorial Board Member of Aging Research Reviews und \u2018Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift\u2019. JD received funding from University Hospital Wuerzburg (institutionell) (support for the present manuscript and support for travel), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (grants or contracts), Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry (Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board), Network of\u00a0University Medicine (NUM)\/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)- Co-Speaker Mental Health Group, Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Biologische Psychiatrie (German Society of Biological Psychiatry (DGBP))\u2014President and Treasurer, Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (German Society of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatic Medicine and Neuropsychiatry (DGPPN))\u2014Section Speaker. MD received funding from Ministerium f\u00fcr Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia)\u2014Contract \u201cBeyond COVID-19 \u201c, Gilead \u2013 advisory Bard (consulting fees), Gilead, GSK and Astra Zeneca (payment or honoraria for lectures). CF reveived funding from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, Grant numbers FI 2309\/1\u20131 (Heisenberg Program) FI 2309\/2\u20131 and 327654276 (SFB 1315)), German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF Grant numbers 01GM1908D, 01GM2208C, 13GW0566D, 01GM2102, 01EP2201). BEOJ received funding from GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, MSD (consulting fees), GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Fresenius Medical Care and Falk Foundation (payment or honoraria for lectures), Gilead Sciences (support for attending meetings and\/or travel. FH received funding from Bavarian State Ministry of Health and Care (Bayrisches Staatsministerium f\u00fcr Gesundheit und Pflege)\u2014Post-COVID outpatient treatment center (contract), Academy for Infectious Medicine, Deutsche Gesellschaft Interdisziplin\u00e4re Notfall- und Akutmedizin (DGINA) e.V.and bavarian Landesaerztekammer (payment or honoraria for lectures). BEOJ received funding from GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, MSD (consulting fees), GSK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Fresenius Medical Care and Falk Foundation (Payment or honoraria for lectures), Gilead Sciences (support for attending meetings and\/or travel). JPR received funding from Landesaerztekammer Hessen (payment or honoraria for lectures), German Ministry of Health (BMG) (expert testimony), Grants or contracts from German Ministry of Research and Education (within NUM, CAEHR, RECAP), Bavarian State (ministry for science and the arts\u2014DigiOnko), Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) within the Innovationfond (Peri-OP, StaerkeR), German Center for Lung Research (within PASSION). GR received personal fees from Astra Zeneca, Atriva, Boehringer Ingelheim, GSK, Insmed, MSD, Sanofi, Novartis and Pfizer for consultancy during advisory board meetings, also personal fees from Astra Zeneca, Berlin Chemie, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Essex Pharma, Grifols, GSK, Insmed, MSD, Roche, Sanofi, Solvay, Takeda, Novartis, Pfizer and Vertex for lectures including service on speakers bureaus. JJV received funding from Merck \/ MSD, Gilead, Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, Basilea, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University Hospital Freiburg\/ Congress and Communication, Academy for Infectious Medicine, University Manchester, German Society for Infectious Diseases (DGI), \u00c4rztekammer Nordrhein, University Hospital Aachen, Back Bay Strategies, German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM), Shionogi, Molecular Health, Netzwerk Universit\u00e4tsmedizin, Janssen, NordForsk, Biontech, APOGEPHA, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Deutsches Zetrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), University of Bristol, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen. FV received funding from Gilead Sciences, MSD, B.Braun Melsungen (grants or contracts), Gilead Sciences (payment or honoraria for lectures), Gilead Sciences and Viiv Healthcare (support for attending meetings and\/or travel). MW is board member of German Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin e.V. (DGPRM), unpaid), Network of\u00a0University Medicine (NUM)\/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)\u2014Speaker Physical and Rehabilitation Group (unpaid). CL reveived institutional funding from Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) within the Innovationfond (WATCH, Grant numbers L01NVF22114), Editorial Board. Member of \u2018Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin\u2019, Network of\u00a0University Medicine (NUM)\/ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)\u2014Speaker Physical and Rehabilitation Group (unpaid), board member of German Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin e.V. (DGPRM), unpaid). All other authors reported no conflicts of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}